安装Oracle 11g数据库

太过爱你忘了你带给我的痛 2022-05-17 04:24 461阅读 0赞

原博客网址：[https://www.cnblogs.com/bingo1024/p/9008483.html\#\_label0][https_www.cnblogs.com_bingo1024_p_9008483.html_label0]

一、CentOS7.2静默安装Oracle11G  
1.\#查看系统性能参数

cat /etc/sysctl.conf

2.\#查看安装包

rpm -qa |grep -E 'EMC|Ultra|multipath'

3.\#安装依赖包

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static glibc glibc-common glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel kernelheaders pdksh pcre-devel readline rlwrap

4.\#创建用户、组

groupadd oinstall && groupadd dba && useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
    echo "123456" | passwd --stdin oracle && id oracle

5.\#上传软件包

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html
     [linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip]
    [linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip]

4 可以下载到本地通过ftp上传到虚拟机中，也可以使用wget命令，下载到虚拟机中。　  
6.\#创建安装包文件存放目录

mkdir -p /data/u01/software
    mv linux.x64_11gR2_database_* /data/u01/software/ && cd /data/u01/software

7.\#解压安装包文件

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip && unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

8.\#创建目录

mkdir -p /data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
    mkdir /data/u01/app/oracle/{ oradata,inventory,fast_recovery_area}
    chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/u01/app/oracle
    chmod -R 775 /data/u01/app/oracle

9.\#修改内核参数

c/sysctl.conf
    
    #添加以下内容
    fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
    fs.file-max = 6815744
    kernel.shmall = 2097152
    kernel.shmmax = 1073741824
    kernel.shmmni = 4096
    kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
    net.core.rmem_default = 262144
    net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
    net.core.wmem_default = 262144
    net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

#使内核新配置生效
    sysctl -p

10.\#修改用户限制

vim /etc/security/limits.conf

#添加以下内容
    oracle soft nproc 2047
    oracle hard nproc 16384
    oracle soft nofile 1024
    oracle hard nofile 65536
    oracle soft stack 10240

11.\#修改/etc/pam.d/login 文件

vim /etc/pam.d/login
    
    #添加以下内容
    session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
    session required pam_limits.so

12.\#修改/etc/profile 文件

vim /etc/profile

if \[ $USER = “oracle” \]; then

if \[ $SHELL = “/bin/ksh” \]; then  
ulimit -p 16384  
ulimit -n 65536  
else  
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536  
fi  
fi

13.\#设置 oracle 用户环境变量

su - oracle
    vim .bash_profile
    
    #添加以下内容
    export ORACLE_BASE=/data/u01/app/oracle
    export ORACLE_HOME=/data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
    export ORACLE_SID=orcl
    export ORACLE_UNQNAME=$ORACLE_SID
    export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
    export NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8
    alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'
    alias rman='rlwrap rman'
    
    #生效
    source .bash_profile

14.\#编辑静默安装响应文件

cp -R /data/u01/software/database/response/ . && cd response/
    vim db_install.rsp
    
    #设置以下内容
    oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
    ORACLE_HOSTNAME=自己的主机名
    UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
    INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/u01/app/oracle/inventory
    SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
    ORACLE_HOME=/data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
    ORACLE_BASE=/data/u01/app/oracle
    oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
    oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
    oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
    DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

15.\#安装

cd /data/u01/software/database/
    ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq

等待几分钟　　  
16.\#打开终端，以 root 身份登录，执行脚本：

su -
    source .bash_profle
    sh /data/u01/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
    sh /data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
    vim /etc/hosts
    127.0.0.1 后面加上主机名

17.\#查看监听响应文件配置信息

egrep -v "(^#|^$)" /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp

#以静默方式配置监听
    su - oracle
    source .bash_profle
    netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp　　
    18.#用Oracle用户启动
    
    su - oracle
    lsnrctl start
    netstat -tunlp|grep 1521

#查看监听状态
    lsnrctl status
    
    #查看监听器配置文件 listener.ora
    cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
    
    #查看监听服务名配置文件 tnsnames.ora
    cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

19.\#配置以静默方式建立新库，和实例 的响应文件

vim /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp
    
    设置以下参数
    GDBNAME = "orcl"
    SID = "orcl"
    SYSPASSWORD = "SYS 用户密码"
    SYSTEMPASSWORD = "SYSTEM 用户密码"
    SYSMANPASSWORD = "sysman"
    DBSNMPPASSWORD = "dbsnmp"
    DATAFILEDESTINATION =/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata
    RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/data/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
    CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
    TOTALMEMORY = "6144"

20.\#查看建库响应文件配置信息

[root@oracle ~]# egrep -v "(^#|^$)" /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp

21.\#启用配置，以静默方式建立新库，和实例

dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp

22.\#检查实例后台进程

ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep

#查看 ORACLE_UNQNAME 环境变量
    env|grep ORACLE_UNQNAME

23.\#以 sysdba 身份登录

sqlplus / as sysdba

24.\#启动 oralce 数据库

SQL> startup
    ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system

其次 安装 rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz yum -y install readline\* libtermcap-devel\* 或者rpm安装  
sqlplus 能换行 sqlplus别名  
cd rlwrap-0.37  
./configure  
make  
make install

二、报错解决  
SQL> startup  
ORA-00845: MEMORY\_TARGET not supported on this system  
因为内存太小可以加大虚拟机的内存  
或者临时解决如下：  
解决方法

su - root
    mount -o remount,size=4G /dev/shm
    su - oracle
    lsnrctl stop
    lsnrctl start sqlplus / as sysdba SQL> startup

# ORA-28000: the account is locked #

解决方法

[oracle@oracal ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
    SQL>conn /as sysdba
    SQL> alter profile default limit failed_login_attempts unlimited;
    sqlplus /nolog
    sqlplus /nolog

# ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied #

解决方法  
密码不合适  
用sys用户登录修改密码

[oracle@oracal ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
    SQL> conn / as sysdba;
    SQL> alter user scott identified by 123456;
    SQL> alter user scott account unlock;
    SQL> conn scott/123456;

# \[ConfigureListener.isPortFree:1088\] Returning is Port 1521 free: false #

/etc/hosts里面127.0.0.0后面没有添加主机名

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