Linux 下安装 Elasticsearch5.6.x 详细步骤以及踩坑解决方案

怼烎@ 2022-05-16 15:57 164阅读 0赞

# 简介 #

网上有各种ES版本的安装步骤和问题解决方案，但是在安装过程中还是遇到了许多问题，那么今天来整理一份详细的安装过程以及碰到的问题和心得；有什么不对的和问题希望大家留言一起讨论。

*  jdk至少需要在1.8.0\_73以上版本。
 *  linux的内核版本需要在2.6以上(我用的是centos7.x)

#### 一、下载elasticsearch ####

cd /usr/local
    wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-5.6.7.tar.gz

下载成功日志输出

--2018-10-31 10:36:28--  https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-5.6.7.tar.gz
    Resolving artifacts.elastic.co... 54.235.82.130, 184.72.242.47, 54.235.171.120, ...
    Connecting to artifacts.elastic.co|54.235.82.130|:443... connected.
    HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
    Length: 33789994 (32M) [binary/octet-stream]
    Saving to: “elasticsearch-5.6.7.tar.gz”
    
    100%[==========================================================>] 33,789,994  7.51M/s   in 4.7s    
    
    2018-10-31 10:36:35 (6.83 MB/s) - “elasticsearch-5.6.7.tar.gz” saved [33789994/33789994]

#### 二、解压安装 ####

解压命令

tar -zxvf elasticsearch-5.6.7.tar.gz

解压成功日志输出

[root@iZuf6fj49j7lt0ckj85qurZ ~]# tar -zxvf elasticsearch-5.6.7.tar.gz
    elasticsearch-5.6.7/
    elasticsearch-5.6.7/lib/
    elasticsearch-5.6.7/lib/elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar
    elasticsearch-5.6.7/lib/lucene-core-6.6.1.jar
    elasticsearch-5.6.7/lib/lucene-analyzers-common-6.6.1.jar
    elasticsearch-5.6.7/lib/lucene-backward-codecs-6.6.1.jar
    省略..................
    elasticsearch-5.6.7/modules/percolator/plugin-descriptor.properties
    elasticsearch-5.6.7/modules/percolator/percolator-5.6.7.jar
    elasticsearch-5.6.7/modules/aggs-matrix-stats/
    elasticsearch-5.6.7/modules/aggs-matrix-stats/plugin-descriptor.properties
    elasticsearch-5.6.7/modules/aggs-matrix-stats/aggs-matrix-stats-5.6.7.jar
    elasticsearch-5.6.7/plugins/

修改文件夹（方便寻找）

mv elasticsearch-5.6.7 elasticsearch

#### 三、配置文件 ####

1、配置文件说明

jvm.options         虚拟机参数配置文件
                          配置heap内存一样
        elasticsearch.yml   主配置文件
                          cluster.name  集群名称，同一个网段自动加入
                          node.name        节点名称
                          http.port     http端口
    默认情况下，Elastic 只允许本机访问，如果需要远程访问，可以修改 Elastic 安装目录的config/elasticsearch.yml文件，去掉network.host的注释，将它的值改成0.0.0.0，然后重新启动 Elastic。

2、进入配置文件目录  
在memory下添加如下

bootstrap.memory_lock: false
    bootstrap.system_call_filter: false

退出保存后执行如下命令:

sysctl -p

3、修改如下文件

vi /etc/security/limits.conf

在文件末尾添加如下代码

# testes为登录服务器的用户名
    testes soft nofile 65536
    testes hard nofile 65536
    testes soft nproc  4096
    testes hard nproc  4096

4、创建testes 用户(root用户不能启动elasticsearch)

useradd testes
    passwd 你的密码

按提示输入两次密码：你的密码

5、授权

cd /root
    sudo chown -R python elasticsearch
    sudo chgrp -R python elasticsearch

6、切换用户

su - python

#### 四、启动elasticsearch ####

1：控制台启动(ctrl+c 后停止)：

./bin/elasticsearch

1：控制台启动(ctrl+c 后停止)：

./bin/elasticsearch -d

#### 五、访问elasticsearch ####

http://101.132.243.207:9200/

结果  
![elasticsearch访问结果.png][elasticsearch_.png]

#### 六、踩坑 ####

##### 1、root 权限下启动elasticsearch 错误 #####

错误信息

[root@iZuf6fj49j7lt0ckj85qurZ elasticsearch]# ./bin/elasticsearch
    [2018-10-31T16:06:43,042][WARN ][o.e.b.ElasticsearchUncaughtExceptionHandler] [] uncaught exception in thread [main]
    org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.StartupException: java.lang.RuntimeException: can not run elasticsearch as root
    	at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.init(Elasticsearch.java:136) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:5.6.7]
    	at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.execute(Elasticsearch.java:123) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:5.6.7]
    	at org.elasticsearch.cli.EnvironmentAwareCommand.execute(EnvironmentAwareCommand.java:70) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:5.6.7]
    	at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.mainWithoutErrorHandling(Command.java:134) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:5.6.7]
    	at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.main(Command.java:90) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:5.6.7]
    	at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:91) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:5.6.7]
    	at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:84) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:5.6.7]
    Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: can not run elasticsearch as root
    	at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.initializeNatives(Bootstrap.java:106) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:5.6.7]
    	at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.setup(Bootstrap.java:195) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:5.6.7]
    	at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.init(Bootstrap.java:342) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:5.6.7]
    	at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.init(Elasticsearch.java:132) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:5.6.7]
    	... 6 more

由于ElasticSearch可以接收用户的脚本并执行，处于安全性考虑，建议创建一个单独的用户来运行ElasticSearch。当然，可以通过配置来实现root用户启动。

修改bin目录elasticsearch.in.sh文件中追加（不过不建议）：

JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -Des.insecure.allow.root=true"

##### 2、max virutal memory areas vm.max\_map\_count \[65530\] is too low, increase to at least \[262144\] #####

![max\_map\_count-error.png][max_map_count-error.png]

原因：主要是因为ES使用的虚拟内存大小跟linux默认的大小不一样，默认的太小，需要配置更大一点

解决办法:

1、切换到root用户修改配置sysctl.conf
    vi /etc/sysctl.conf
    添加下面配置:
    vm.max_map_count=655360
    并执行命令:
    sysctl -p

然后,重新启动elasticsearch,即可启动成功。

##### 3、外网访问失败 #####

修改配置elasticsearch.yml  
network.host: 0.0.0.0

# Set the bind address to a specific IP (IPv4 or IPv6):
    #
    #network.host: 192.168.0.1
     network.host: 0.0.0.0
    #
    # Set a custom port for HTTP:
    #
    #http.port: 9200

##### 4、unknown setting \[vm.max\_map\_count\] please check that any required plugins a #####

报错信息

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: unknown setting [vm.max_map_count] please check that any required plugins are installed, or check the breaking changes documentation for removed settings
    	at org.elasticsearch.common.settings.AbstractScopedSettings.validate(AbstractScopedSettings.java:293) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:5.6.7]
    	at org.elasticsearch.common.settings.AbstractScopedSettings.validate(AbstractScopedSettings.java:256) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:5.6.7]
    	at org.elasticsearch.common.settings.SettingsModule.<init>(SettingsModule.java:139) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:5.6.7]
    	at org.elasticsearch.node.Node.<init>(Node.java:344) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:5.6.7]
    	at org.elasticsearch.node.Node.<init>(Node.java:245) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:5.6.7]
    	at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap$5.<init>(Bootstrap.java:233) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:5.6.7]
    	at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.setup(Bootstrap.java:233) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:5.6.7]
    	at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.init(Bootstrap.java:342) [elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:5.6.7]
    	at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.init(Elasticsearch.java:132) [elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:5.6.7]
    	at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.execute(Elasticsearch.java:123) [elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:5.6.7]
    	at org.elasticsearch.cli.EnvironmentAwareCommand.execute(EnvironmentAwareCommand.java:70) [elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:5.6.7]
    	at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.mainWithoutErrorHandling(Command.java:134) [elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:5.6.7]
    	at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.main(Command.java:90) [elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:5.6.7]
    	at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:91) [elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:5.6.7]
    	at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:84) [elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:5.6.7]
    [2018-10-31T15:23:15,809][WARN ][o.e.b.ElasticsearchUncaughtExceptionHandler] [] uncaught exception in thread [main]
    org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.StartupException: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: unknown setting [vm.max_map_count] please check that any required plugins are installed, or check the breaking changes documentation for removed settings
    	at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.init(Elasticsearch.java:136) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.7.jar:
    
    省略。。。。。

原因：在elasticsearch.yml 文件配置了 vm.max\_map\_count=262144

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[elasticsearch_.png]: /images/20220503/9f8cafe4c6434601863d8a1ee3a9acf9.png
[max_map_count-error.png]: /images/20220503/5bf1282e52eb4def9f913bdffc001e52.png
[IT_-Line]: https://www.jianshu.com/u/283f93ada597
[IT_-]: https://www.jianshu.com/u/29d607600e98