诺贝文学奖对莫言获奖评价

矫情吗；* 2022-05-16 12:59 25阅读 0赞

原文地址：[https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2012/ceremony-speech/][https_www.nobelprize.org_prizes_literature_2012_ceremony-speech]

*Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, Esteemed Nobel Laureates, Ladies and Gentlemen,*

[Mo Yan][] is a poet who tears down stereotypical propaganda posters, elevating the individual from an anonymous human mass. Using ridicule and sarcasm Mo Yan attacks history and its falsifications as well as deprivation and political hypocrisy. Playfully and with ill-disguised delight, he reveals the murkiest aspects of human existence, almost inadvertently finding images of strong symbolic weight.

North-eastern Gaomi county embodies China’s folk tales and history. Few real journeys can surpass these to a realm where the clamour of donkeys and pigs drowns out the voices of the people’s commissars and where both love and evil assume supernatural proportions.

Mo Yan’s imagination soars across the entire human existence. He is a wonderful portrayer of nature; he knows virtually all there is to know about hunger, and the brutality of China’s 20th century has probably never been described so nakedly, with heroes, lovers, torturers, bandits – and especially, strong, indomitable mothers. He shows us a world without truth, common sense or compassion, a world where people are reckless, helpless and absurd.

Proof of this misery is the cannibalism that recurs in China’s history. In Mo Yan, it stands for unrestrained consumption, excess, rubbish, carnal pleasures and the indescribable desires that only he can attempt to elucidate beyond all tabooed limitations.  
   
In his novel *Republic of Wine*, the most exquisite of delicacies is a roasted three-year-old. Boys have become exclusive foodstuff. The girls, neglected, survive. The irony is directed at China’s family policy, because of which female foetuses are aborted on an astronomic scale: girls aren’t even good enough to eat. Mo Yan has written an entire novel, *Frog*, about this.

Mo Yan’s stories have mythical and allegorical pretensions and turn all values on their heads. We never meet that ideal citizen who was a standard feature in Mao’s China. Mo Yan’s characters bubble with vitality and take even the most amoral steps and measures to fulfil their lives and burst the cages they have been confined in by fate and politics.

Instead of communism’s poster-happy history, Mo Yan describes a past that, with his exaggerations, parodies and derivations from myths and folk tales, is a convincing and scathing revision of fifty years of propaganda.

In his most remarkable novel, *Big Breasts and Wide Hips*, where a female perspective dominates, Mo Yan describes the Great Leap Forward and the Great Famine of 1960 in stinging detail. He mocks the revolutionary pseudo-science that tried to inseminate sheep with rabbit sperm, all the while dismissing doubters as right-wing elements. The novel ends with the new capitalism of the ‘90s with fraudsters becoming rich on beauty products and trying to produce a Phoenix through cross-fertilisation.

In Mo Yan, a forgotten peasant world arises, alive and well, before our eyes, sensually scented even in its most pungent vapours, startlingly merciless but tinged by joyful selflessness. Never a dull moment. The author knows everything and can describe everything – all kinds of handicraft, smithery, construction, ditch-digging, animal husbandry, the tricks of guerrilla bands. He seems to carry all human life on the tip of his pen.

He is more hilarious and more appalling than most in the wake of Rabelais and Swift — in our time, in the wake of García Marquez. His spice blend is a peppery one. On his broad tapestry of China’s last hundred years, there are neither dancing unicorns nor skipping maidens. But he paints life in a pigsty in such a way that we feel we have been there far too long. Ideologies and reform movements may come and go but human egoism and greed remain. So Mo Yan defends small individuals against all injustices – from Japanese occupation to Maoist terror and today’s production frenzy.

For those who venture to Mo Yan’s home district, where bountiful virtue battles the vilest cruelty, a staggering literary adventure awaits. Has ever such an epic spring flood engulfed China and the rest of the world? In Mo Yan’s work, world literature speaks with a voice that drowns out most contemporaries.

The Swedish Academy congratulates you. I call on you to accept the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature from the hand of His Majesty the King.

**The Nobel Prize in Literature 2012 Award Ceremony Speech**

Presentation Speech by Per Wästberg, Writer, Member of the Swedish Academy, Chairman of the Nobel Committee, 10 December 2012.

瑞典文学院诺奖委员会主席瓦斯特伯格：

Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, Esteemed Nobel Laureates, Ladies and Gentlemen,

尊敬的国王和皇后陛下，尊敬的诺贝尔奖得主们，女士们先生们，

Mo Yan is a poet who tears down stereotypical [propaganda][] posters, elevating the individual from an anonymous human mass. Using ridicule and sarcasm Mo Yan attacks history and its[falsifications][] as well as deprivation and political hypocrisy. Playfully and with ill-disguised delight, he reveals the murkiest aspects of human existence, almost inadvertently finding images of strong symbolic weight.

莫言是个诗人，他撕下了程式化的宣传海报，让个人在芸芸众生中凸显而出。莫言用讥讽和嘲弄的手法向历史及其谎言、向政治虚伪和被剥夺后的贫瘠发起攻击。他用戏弄和不加掩饰的快感，揭露了人类生活的最黑暗方面，在不经意间找到了有强烈象征意义的形象。

高密东北乡体现了中国的民间故事和历史。很少的旅程能超越这些故事和历史进入一个这样的国度，那里驴子和猪的叫嚣淹没了人的声音，爱与邪恶呈现了超自然的比例。

莫言的幻想翱越了整个人类。他是了不起的自然描述者;他知道饥饿的所有含意。20世纪中国的残酷无情从来没有像他笔下的英雄、情人、施暴者、强盗以及坚强、不屈不挠的母亲们那样得以如此赤裸裸地描述。他给我们展示的世界没有真相、没有常识、更没有怜悯，那里的人们都鲁莽、无助和荒谬。

Proof of this misery is the [cannibalism][] that recurs in China’s history. In Mo Yan, it stands for unrestrained consumption, excess, rubbish, carnal pleasures and the indescribable desires that only he can attempt to [elucidate][] beyond all tabooed limitations.

这一苦痛的证据就是中国历史上经常出现的吃人肉的风俗。在莫言的笔下，吃人肉象征着毫无节制的消费、铺张、垃圾、肉欲和无法描述的欲望。只有他能够跨越种种禁忌界限试图加以阐释。

In his novel Republic of Wine, the most exquisite of delicacies is a roasted three-year-old. Boys have become exclusive foodstuff. The girls, neglected, survive. The irony is directed at China’s family policy, because of which female foetuses are aborted on an astronomic scale: girls aren’t even good enough to eat. Mo Yan has written an entire novel, Frog, about this.

莫言的小说《酒国》中，最美味的佳肴是烤三岁童子肉。男童成为很难享受到的食品。而女童，因无人问津反而得以生存。这一讥讽的对象正是中国的独生子女政策，因为这一政策女婴被流产，规模之众多达天文数字：女孩子不够好，都没人愿意吃她们。莫言就此话题还写了一部完整的小说《蛙》。

莫言的故事都伪装成神话和寓言，将所有的价值观置于故事的主题中。在莫言笔下的中国，我们从来没有遇见过一个理想具有合乎标准特征的公民。莫言描写的人物都充满了活力，不惜用非常规的步骤和方法来实现他们的人生理想，打破被命运和政治所规划的牢笼。

In his most remarkable novel, Big Breasts and Wide Hips, where a female perspective dominates, Mo Yan describes the Great Leap Forward and the Great Famine of 1960 in stinging detail. He mocks the revolutionary pseudo-science that tried to inseminate sheep with rabbit sperm, all the while dismissing doubters as right-wing elements. The novel ends with the new capitalism of the ‘90s with fraudsters becoming rich on beauty products and trying to produce a Phoenix through cross-fertilisation.

《丰乳肥臀》是莫言最著名的小说，以女性视角描述了1960年的大跃进和大饥荒。他讥讽了革命伪科学，就是用兔子给羊受精，同时不理睬所有的怀疑者，将他们当成右翼。小说的结尾描述了九十年代的新资本主义，会忽悠的人靠卖化妆品富了起来，并想通过混种受精培育凤凰。

在莫言的作品中，一个被人遗忘的农民世界在我们的眼前崛起、生机勃勃，即便是最刺鼻的气体也让人心旷神怡，虽然是令人目瞪口呆的冷酷无情却充满了快乐的无私。他的笔下从来没有一刻枯燥乏味。这个作家知道所有的一切，并能描述所有的一切，各种手工艺、铁匠活、建筑、开沟、畜牧和土匪的花招诡计。他的笔尖附着了所有的人类生活。

He is more hilarious and more [appalling][] than most in the wake of Rabelais and Swift — in our time, in the wake of García Marquez. His spice blend is a peppery one. On his broad tapestry of China’s last hundred years, there are neither dancing unicorns nor skipping maidens. But he paints life in a pigsty in such a way that we feel we have been there far too long. Ideologies and reform movements may come and go but human egoism and greed remain. So Mo Yan defends small individuals against all injustices – from Japanese occupation to Maoist terror and today’s production frenzy.

他是继拉伯雷和斯威夫特之后，也是继我们这个时代的加西亚·马尔克斯之后比很多人都更为滑稽和震撼人心的作家。他的辛辣是胡椒式的。在他描写中国最近一百年的宏大如挂毯的故事中，既没有跳舞的独角兽，也没有跳绳的少女。但他所描写的猪圈般的生活如此独特以致我们觉得已经在那里呆了太久。意识形态和改革运动来来去去，但是人类的自我中心和贪婪却永存。所以莫言为个体反抗所有的不公，无论是日本侵略还是毛主义的恐怖以及今天的狂热生产至上。

莫言的家乡是一个无数美德与最卑鄙冷酷交战的地方。那些敢于去的人，等待你们的将是一次踉跄的文学冒险。中国以及世界何曾被如此史诗般的春潮所吞噬?在莫言的作品中，世界文学发出的巨吼淹没了很多同代人的声音。

The Swedish Academy congratulates you. I call on you to accept the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature from the hand of His Majesty the King.

瑞典文学院祝贺你。请你从国王手中接过2012年诺贝尔文学奖。

[https_www.nobelprize.org_prizes_literature_2012_ceremony-speech]: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2012/ceremony-speech/
[Mo Yan]: https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2012/yan.html
[propaganda]: http://dict.hjenglish.com/w/propaganda
[falsifications]: http://dict.hjenglish.com/w/falsification
[cannibalism]: http://dict.hjenglish.com/w/cannibalism
[elucidate]: http://dict.hjenglish.com/w/elucidate
[appalling]: http://dict.hjenglish.com/w/appalling