MySQL 8 在 Windows 下安装及使用

待我称王封你为后i 2022-05-16 12:23 223阅读 0赞

MySQL 8 带来了全新的体验，比如支持 NoSQL、JSON 等，拥有比 MySQL 5.7 两倍以上的性能提升。本文讲解如何在 Windows 下安装 MySQL 8，以及基本的 MySQL 用法。

下载

下载地址 https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/8.0.html。

本例为：MySQL Community Server 8.0.12。

解压

解压至安装目录，比如 D 盘根目录下。

本例为：D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64。

创建 my.ini

my.ini 是 MySQL 安装的配置文件：

  1. [mysqld]
  2. # 安装目录
  3. basedir=D:\\mysql-8.0.12-winx64
  4. # 数据存放目录
  5. datadir=D:\\mysqlData\\data

my.ini放置在 MySQL 安装目录的根目录下。需要注意的是，要先创建D:\mysqlData目录。data目录是由 MySQL 来创建。

初始化安装

执行：

  1. mysqld --defaults-file=D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\my.ini --initialize --console

控制台输出如下，说明安装成功：

  1. >mysqld --defaults-file=D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\my.ini --initialize --console
  2. 2018-08-20T16:14:45.287448Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.12) initializing of server in progress as process 5012
  3. 2018-08-20T16:14:45.289628Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010457] [Server] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.
  4. 2018-08-20T16:14:45.299329Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting
  5. 2018-08-20T16:14:45.301316Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.12)  MySQL Community Server - GPL.
  7. D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\bin>mysqld --defaults-file=D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\my.ini --initialize --console
  8. 2018-08-20T16:15:25.729771Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.12) initializing of server in progress as process 18148
  9. 2018-08-20T16:15:43.569562Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: L-hk!rBuk9-.
  10. 2018-08-20T16:15:55.811470Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.12) initializing of server has completed

其中，“L-hk!rBuk9-.”就是 root 用户的初始化密码。稍后可以做更改。

启动、关闭 MySQL server

执行mysqld就能启动 MySQL server，或者执行 mysqld –console可以看到完整的启动信息：

  1. >mysqld --console
  2. 2018-08-20T16:18:23.698153Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010915] [Server] 'NO_ZERO_DATE', 'NO_ZERO_IN_DATE' and 'ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO' sql modes should be used with strict mode. They will be merged with strict mode in a future release.
  3. 2018-08-20T16:18:23.698248Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.12) starting as process 16304
  4. 2018-08-20T16:18:27.624422Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
  5. 2018-08-20T16:18:27.793310Z 0 [System] [MY-010931] [Server] D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe: ready for connections. Version: '8.0.12'  socket: ''  port: 3306  MySQL Community Server - GPL.

关闭，可以执行 mysqladmin -u root shutdown。

使用 MySQL 客户端

使用 mysql 来登录，账号为 root，密码为“L-hk!rBuk9-.”：

  1. >mysql -u root -p
  2. Enter password: ************
  3. Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
  4. Your MySQL connection id is 11
  5. Server version: 8.0.12
  7. Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  9. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  10. affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  11. owners.
  13. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

执行下面的语句来改密码。其中“123456”即为新密码。

  1. mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
  2. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)

MySQL 常用指令

显示已有的数据库：

  1. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+
  2. | Database | +--------------------+
  3. | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema |
  4. | sys | +--------------------+
  5. 4 rows in set (0.08 sec)

创建新的数据库：

  1. mysql> CREATE DATABASE lite;
  2. Query OK, 1 row affected (0.19 sec)

使用数据库：

  1. mysql> USE lite;
  2. Database changed

建表：

建表执行：

  1. mysql> CREATE TABLE t_user (user_id BIGINT NOT NULL, username VARCHAR(20));
  2. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.82 sec)

查看表：

查看数据库中的所有表：

  1. mysql> SHOW TABLES; +----------------+
  2. | Tables_in_lite | +----------------+
  3. | t_user | +----------------+
  4. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

查看表的详情：

  1. mysql> DESCRIBE t_user; +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  2. | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  3. | user_id | bigint(20) | NO | | NULL | | | username | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

插入数据：

  1. mysql> INSERT INTO t_user(user_id, username) VALUES(1, '老卫');
  2. Query OK, 1 row affected (0.08 sec)

参考引用

  • 原文同步至https://waylau.com/installing-mysql-8-on-windows/

发表评论

表情：
评论列表 （有 0 条评论，223人围观）

还没有评论，来说两句吧...

相关阅读