MySQL 8 在 Windows 下安装及使用

待我称王封你为后i 2022-05-16 12:23 165阅读 0赞

MySQL 8 带来了全新的体验，比如支持 NoSQL、JSON 等，拥有比 MySQL 5.7 两倍以上的性能提升。本文讲解如何在 Windows 下安装 MySQL 8，以及基本的 MySQL 用法。

## 下载 ##

下载地址 [https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/8.0.html][https_dev.mysql.com_downloads_mysql_8.0.html]。

本例为：MySQL Community Server 8.0.12。

## 解压 ##

本例为：`D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64`。

## 创建 my.ini ##

my.ini 是 MySQL 安装的配置文件：

[mysqld]
    # 安装目录
    basedir=D:\\mysql-8.0.12-winx64
    # 数据存放目录
    datadir=D:\\mysqlData\\data

my.ini放置在 MySQL 安装目录的根目录下。需要注意的是，要先创建`D:\mysqlData`目录。`data`目录是由 MySQL 来创建。

## 初始化安装 ##

执行：

mysqld --defaults-file=D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\my.ini --initialize --console

控制台输出如下，说明安装成功：

>mysqld --defaults-file=D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\my.ini --initialize --console
    2018-08-20T16:14:45.287448Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.12) initializing of server in progress as process 5012
    2018-08-20T16:14:45.289628Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010457] [Server] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.
    2018-08-20T16:14:45.299329Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting
    2018-08-20T16:14:45.301316Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.12)  MySQL Community Server - GPL.
    
    D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\bin>mysqld --defaults-file=D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\my.ini --initialize --console
    2018-08-20T16:15:25.729771Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.12) initializing of server in progress as process 18148
    2018-08-20T16:15:43.569562Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: L-hk!rBuk9-.
    2018-08-20T16:15:55.811470Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.12) initializing of server has completed

其中，“L-hk!rBuk9-.”就是 root 用户的初始化密码。稍后可以做更改。

## 启动、关闭 MySQL server ##

执行mysqld就能启动 MySQL server，或者执行 mysqld –console可以看到完整的启动信息：

>mysqld --console
    2018-08-20T16:18:23.698153Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010915] [Server] 'NO_ZERO_DATE', 'NO_ZERO_IN_DATE' and 'ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO' sql modes should be used with strict mode. They will be merged with strict mode in a future release.
    2018-08-20T16:18:23.698248Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.12) starting as process 16304
    2018-08-20T16:18:27.624422Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
    2018-08-20T16:18:27.793310Z 0 [System] [MY-010931] [Server] D:\mysql-8.0.12-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe: ready for connections. Version: '8.0.12'  socket: ''  port: 3306  MySQL Community Server - GPL.

关闭，可以执行 `mysqladmin -u root shutdown`。

## 使用 MySQL 客户端 ##

使用 mysql 来登录，账号为 root，密码为“L-hk!rBuk9-.”：

>mysql -u root -p
    Enter password: ************
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 11
    Server version: 8.0.12
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

执行下面的语句来改密码。其中“123456”即为新密码。

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)

## MySQL 常用指令 ##

### 显示已有的数据库： ###

### 创建新的数据库： ###

mysql> CREATE DATABASE lite;
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.19 sec)

### 使用数据库： ###

mysql> USE lite;
    Database changed

### 建表： ###

建表执行：

mysql> CREATE TABLE t_user (user_id BIGINT NOT NULL, username VARCHAR(20));
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.82 sec)

### 查看表： ###

查看数据库中的所有表：

mysql> SHOW TABLES; +----------------+
    | Tables_in_lite | +----------------+
    | t_user | +----------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

查看表的详情：

### 插入数据： ###

mysql> INSERT INTO t_user(user_id, username) VALUES(1, '老卫');
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.08 sec)

## 参考引用 ##

*  原文同步至[https://waylau.com/installing-mysql-8-on-windows/][https_waylau.com_installing-mysql-8-on-windows]

[https_dev.mysql.com_downloads_mysql_8.0.html]: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/8.0.html
[https_waylau.com_installing-mysql-8-on-windows]: https://waylau.com/installing-mysql-8-on-windows/