hibernate的三种查询方式

雨点打透心脏的1/2处 2022-05-16 03:24 413阅读 0赞

# Hibernate的查询方式 #

hibernate的查询方式常见的主要分为三种: HQL, QBC（命名查询）, 以及使用原生SQL查询（SqlQuery）

一、HQL查询

• HQL（Hibernate Query Language）提供了丰富灵活的查询方式，使用HQL进行查询也是Hibernate官方推荐使用的查询方式。

• HQL在语法结构上和SQL语句十分的相同，所以可以很快的上手进行使用。使用HQL需要用到Hibernate中的Query对象，该对象专门执行HQL方式的操作。

查询所有示例

session.beginTransaction();
    String hql = "from User"; // from 后跟的是要查询的对象，而不是表
    Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
    List<User> userList = query.list();
    for(User user:userList){
    System.out.println(user.getUserName());
    }
    session.getTransaction().commit();

带where的查询示例

session.beginTransaction();
    String hql = "from User where userName = 'James'";
    Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
    List<User> userList = query.list();
    for(User user:userList){
    System.out.println(user.getUserName());
    }
    session.getTransaction().commit();
    /*
    在HQL中where语句中使用的是持久化对象的属性名，如上面示例中的userName。当然在HQL中也可以使用别名
    */
    String hql = "from User as u where u.userName = 'James'";
    /*
    过滤条件
    在where语句中还可以使用各种过滤条件，如：=、<>、<、>、>=、<=、between、not between、
    in、not in、is、like、and、or等
    */

获取一个不完整的对象

session.beginTransaction();
    String hql = "select userName from User";
    Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
    List<Object> nameList = query.list();
    for(Object obj:nameList){
    　　 String name=(String)obj;
    　　 System.out.println(name);
    }
    session.getTransaction().commit();
    // 多个属性的话，需要用object[]接收
    session.beginTransaction();
    String hql = "select userName,userPwd from User";
    Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
    List nameList = query.list();
    for(Object obj:nameList){
    Object[] array = (Object[]) obj; // 转成object[]
    System.out.println("name:" + array[0]);
    System.out.println("pwd:" + array[1]);
    }
    session.getTransaction().commit();

统计和分组查询

session.beginTransaction();
    String hql = "select count(*),max(id) from User";
    Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
    List nameList = query.list();
    for(Object obj:nameList){
    Object[] array = (Object[]) obj;
    System.out.println("count:" + array[0]);
    System.out.println("max:" + array[1]);
    }
    session.getTransaction().commit();
    /*
    该条sql语句返回的是单条数据，所以还可以这样写
    单列数据用Object，多列数据用Object[]
    */
    Object[] object = (Object[]) query.uniqueResult();
    System.out.println("count:" + object[0]);
    System.out.println("max:" + object[1]);

更多写法

select distinct name from Student;
    select max(age) from Student;
    select count(age),age from Student group by age;
    from Student order by age;

HQL占位符

session.beginTransaction();
    String hql = "from User where userName = ?";
    Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
    // 索引从0开始
    query.setString(0, "James");
    List<User> userList = query.list();
    for(User user:userList){
    System.out.println(user.getUserName());
    }
    session.getTransaction().commit();

HQL引用占位符

session.beginTransaction();
    String hql = "from User where userName = :name";
    Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
    query.setParameter("name", "James");
    List<User> userList = query.list();
    for(User user:userList){
    System.out.println(user.getUserName());
    }
    session.getTransaction().commit();

HQL分页

session.beginTransaction();
    String hql = "from User";
    Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
    query.setFirstResult(0);
    query.setMaxResults(2);
    List<User> userList = query.list();
    for(User user:userList){
    System.out.println(user.getUserName());
    }
    session.getTransaction().commit();

二、QBC（Query By Criteria）查询

• Criteria对象提供了一种面向对象的方式查询数据库。Criteria对象需要使用Session对象来获得。

• 一个Criteria对象表示对一个持久化类的查询。

查询所有

session.beginTransaction();
    Criteria c = session.createCriteria(User.class);
    List<User> userList = c.list();
    for(User user:userList){
    System.out.println(user.getUserName());
    }
    session.getTransaction().commit();

where

session.beginTransaction();
    Criteria c = session.createCriteria(User.class);
    c.add(Restrictions.eq("userName", "James"));
    List<User> userList = c.list();
    for(User user:userList){
    System.out.println(user.getUserName());
    }
    session.getTransaction().commit();

Restrictions对象

方法名称 对应SQL中的表达式
    ----------------------------------------------------------
    Restrictions.eq field = value
    Restrictions.gt field > value
    Restrictions.lt field < value
    Restrictions.ge field >= value
    Restrictions.le field <= value
    Restrictions.between field between value1 and value2
    Restrictions.in field in(…)
    Restrictions.and and
    Restrictions.or or
    Restrictions.like field like value

示例

Criteria c = session.createCriteria(User.class);
    c.add(Restrictions.like("userName", "J"));
    c.add(Restrictions.eq("id", 120));
    c.add(Restrictions.or(Restrictions.eq("userName", "James"),
    Restrictions.eq("userName", "Alex")));

获取唯一记录

session.beginTransaction();
    Criteria c = session.createCriteria(User.class);
    c.add(Restrictions.eq("id", 120));
    User user = (User) c.uniqueResult();
    System.out.println(user.getUserName());
    session.getTransaction().commit();

分页

Criteria c = session.createCriteria(User.class);
    c.setFirstResult(0);
    c.setMaxResults(5);

分组与统计

session.beginTransaction();
    Criteria c = session.createCriteria(User.class);
    c.setProjection(Projections.sum("id"));
    Object obj = c.uniqueResult();
    System.out.println(obj);
    session.getTransaction().commit();

Projections对象

方法名称 描述
    -------------------------------------------------------
    Projections.sum 等于SQL中聚合函数sum
    Projections.avg 等于SQL中聚合函数avg
    Projections.count 等于SQL中聚合函数count
    Projections .distinct 去除重复记录
    Projections.max 等于SQL中聚合函数max
    Projections.min 等于SQL中聚合函数min
    Projections .groupProperty 对指定的属性进行分组查询

多个统计与分组

session.beginTransaction();
    Criteria c = session.createCriteria(User.class);
    ProjectionList projectionList = Projections.projectionList();
    projectionList.add(Projections.sum("id"));
    projectionList.add(Projections.min("id"));
    c.setProjection(projectionList);
    // 和HQL一样，单列用Object，多列用Object[]
    Object[] obj = (Object[]) c.uniqueResult();
    System.out.println("sum:" + obj[0]);
    System.out.println("min:" + obj[1]);

排序

Criteria c = session.createCriteria(User.class);
    c.addOrder(Order.desc("id"));

三、原生SQL查询：

示例

session.beginTransaction();
    String sql = "select id,username,userpwd from t_user";
    List list = session.createSQLQuery(sql).list();
    for(Object item : list){
    Object[] rows = (Object[]) item;
    System.out.println("id:" + rows[0] + "username:"
    + rows[1] + "userpwd:" + rows[2]);
    }
    session.getTransaction().commit();

addEntity()示例

session.beginTransaction();
    String sql = "select id,username,userpwd from t_user";
    // addEntity()可以告诉Hibernate你想要封装成对象的类型，然后自动为你封装
    SQLQuery query = session.createSQLQuery(sql).addEntity(User.class);
    List<User> list = query.list();
    for(User user : list){
    System.out.println(user.getUserName());
    }
    session.getTransaction().commit();

uniqueResult示例

session.beginTransaction();
    String sql = "select id,username,userpwd from t_user where id = 2";
    SQLQuery query = session.createSQLQuery(sql).addEntity(User.class);
    User user = (User) query.uniqueResult();
    System.out.println(user.getUserName());
    session.getTransaction().commit();

转载地址：[https://blog.csdn.net/u010963948/article/details/16818043][https_blog.csdn.net_u010963948_article_details_16818043]

[https_blog.csdn.net_u010963948_article_details_16818043]: https://blog.csdn.net/u010963948/article/details/16818043