nginx+tomcat+java部署总结

拼搏现实的明天。 2022-05-16 01:57 178阅读 0赞

### 前言 ###

之前使用nginx配置代理，还是nginx + php。记忆中就是配置一下虚拟主机，以及修改一下linux的hosts文件。。。总之，对nginx的使用很少。前几天阿里云服务器到期了，又入手了腾讯云一款服务器。（ps:个人觉得这款服务器性价比很高，对喜欢折腾服务器的同学来说，还不错。有意愿入手的朋友：点这里[腾讯云：1核2G 1M带宽 50G系统盘][1_2G 1M_ 50G]，18个月120元，活动8月20号到期哦QAQ）

入手服务器后，先搭好java的开发环境以及目前流行的redis和消息队列（包括jdk + tomcat + nginx + mysql + redis + rabbimq）。  
然后昨天又部署了一下nginx+tomcat+java，主要玩一下nginx的反向代理和负载均衡，出现了很多问题，记录一下。。

这里我使用war部署到tomcat。  
了解nginx配置：  
[Nginx配置文件详解][Nginx]  
[Nginx location模块整理][Nginx location]  
[Nginx配置文件详解2][Nginx_2]

### 服务器环境 ###

操作系统：腾讯云 Ubuntu Server 16.04.1 LTS 64位  
数据库：mysql5.7

demo项目：Spring Boot

### 看我操作 ###

##### 一、软件安装 #####

// 安装过程及查询资料 //

1.  安装jdk1.8  
    [https://www.cnblogs.com/eczhou/p/7860592.html][https_www.cnblogs.com_eczhou_p_7860592.html]
2.  安装tomcat
3.  安装mysql  
    [https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-05/143864.htm][https_www.linuxidc.com_Linux_2017-05_143864.htm]
4.  安装git
5.  安装nginx  
    使用命令`apt-get install nginx`直接安装；
6.  安装redis  
    [https://blog.csdn.net/hkw207/article/details/72850306][https_blog.csdn.net_hkw207_article_details_72850306]
7.  安装rabbitmq

/// 安装目录记录 //

1.  jdk1.8  
    安装目录：/usr/lib/jdk
2.  tomcat
3.  mysql  
    root 123456
4.  nginx  
    默认配置文件位置：/ect/nginx
5.  redis  
    /opt/soft/

##### 二、同一项目启动多个tomcat #####

ps：java web项目打war包部署到tomcat具体方法可以参考我上一篇博客：[spring boot 项目部署到服务器 两种方式][spring boot _]

这里，要做nginx负载均衡，因为我只有一台服务器，那我们启动两个tomcat（tomcat1和tomcat2），运行同一个项目，tomcat1配置端口：8080；tomcat2配置端口：8081；

1.我新建了一个基于spring boot的简单demo项目，源码在这：[demo1][]  
嫌麻烦的同学可以下载到本地，打成war包。这个demo项目只是简单的输出了一下日志,所有测试代码都在入口文件里面：

package com.example.demo1;
    
    import com.example.demo1.utils.BusiException;
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
    import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.support.SpringBootServletInitializer;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import java.util.Date;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @RestController
    public class Demo1Application extends SpringBootServletInitializer { 
    
        private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Demo1Application.class);
    
        @RequestMapping("/")
        public String home() {
            Date now = new Date();
            // 访问时，tomcat日志打印，便于观察
            logger.info("url:{},time:{},", "/", now);
            return "hello 朋友";
        }
    
        @RequestMapping("/user/{id}")
        public String getUser(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
            if (id == null) {
                throw new BusiException(500, "参数错误");
            }
    
            Date now = new Date();
            logger.info("url:{},time:{},id:{}", "/user/{id}", now, id);
            return "user:...........";
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(Demo1Application.class, args);
        }
    
        @Override
        protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
            return application.sources(Demo1Application.class);
        }
    }

2.下载一个Apache tomcat8，并复制一份  
复制的tomcat需要修改配置文件：server.xml  
server.xml文件中有三个端口必须重新设置，不然端口会冲突:

<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN"> ：关闭时使用
    <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" /> ： 一般应用使用
    <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />：为AJP端口，即容器使用，如 APACHE能通过AJP协议访问Tomcat的8009端口
    
    #### 上面的3个端口，复制的时候，一定要修改；不然启动时端口会冲突。
    #### 这里我们把复制的tomcat中这3个端口对应都加上1。
    #### 8006/8081/8010

![这里写图片描述][70]  
上面的截图中，你会发现我将`demo1.war`包放到了两个tomcat的同级目录下面，而不是直接放到tomcat的webapps目录下。如果你跟我一样，将demo1.war放到tomcat外面，那么你需要做一件事情，就是在tomcat中指定启动的时候，tomcat去哪里找war包。你也可以将war包直接放到两个tomcat的webapps下面运行，就不需要管下面的步骤。  
具体操作：找到tomcat的`server.xml`配置文件,往文件中的`<host></host>`节点添加下面一句：

<Context path="/demo1" docBase="/opt/project/demo1.war" reloadable="true"/>

tomcat1，server.xml完整代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    
    <Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
    
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
      
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />
    
      <GlobalNamingResources>
        <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container" type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase" description="User database that can be updated and saved" factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory" pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
      </GlobalNamingResources>
    
      <Service name="Catalina">
        <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />
    
        
        <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
    
    
        <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
          <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
    
            <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
          </Realm>
          <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
    
            
            <Context path="/demo1" docBase="/opt/project/demo1.war" reloadable="true"/>
            
            
    
            
            <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
    
          </Host>
        </Engine>
      </Service>
    </Server>

tomcat2，server.xml完整代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    
    <Server port="8006" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
    
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
      
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
      <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />
    
      <GlobalNamingResources>
        <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container" type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase" description="User database that can be updated and saved" factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory" pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
      </GlobalNamingResources>
    
      <Service name="Catalina">
        <Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />
    
        
        <Connector port="8010" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
    
    
        <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
          <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
    
            <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
          </Realm>
    
          <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
            <Context path="/demo1" docBase="/opt/project/demo1.war" reloadable="true"/> 
            <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
    
          </Host>
        </Engine>
      </Service>
    </Server>

启动两个tomcat，然后访问，看是否启动成功：服务器Ip:端口/项目名称  
![这里写图片描述][70 1]  
![这里写图片描述][70 2]

ok，同一项目部署到多个tomcat这一步成功！！！！！！！！

##### 三、配置Nginx，简单实现负载均衡 #####

1.修改nginx配置

vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
    
    # 修改nginx配置文件，加入upstream location
    
    nginx -t  # 检查配置是否正确
    
    nginx -s reload  #重新读取配置，让配置生效，不需要重启nginx

2.ok，现在我们测试是否nginx简单的负载均衡是否成功了。

2.1 先用tail命令，打开两个tomcat的日志：如下

root@VM-0-14-ubuntu:/etc/nginx# cd /opt/project/
    root@VM-0-14-ubuntu:/opt/project# ll
    total 17628
    drwxr-xr-x 4 root root     4096 Aug 14 09:47 ./
    drwxr-xr-x 6 root root     4096 Aug 13 12:42 ../
    drwxr-xr-x 9 root root     4096 Aug 13 11:09 apache-tomcat-8.5.32/
    drwxr-xr-x 9 root root     4096 Aug 13 14:08 apache-tomcat-8.5.32-2/
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18008700 Aug 14 09:47 demo1.war
    root@VM-0-14-ubuntu:/opt/project# tail -f apache-tomcat-8.5.32*/logs/catalina.out # 同时查看两个tomcat的日志，这里用了通配符*
    ==> apache-tomcat-8.5.32-2/logs/catalina.out <==
    2018-08-14 10:02:30.434  INFO 23146 --- [nio-8081-exec-3] com.example.demo1.Demo1Application       : url:/,time:Tue Aug 14 10:02:30 CST 2018,
    
    ==> apache-tomcat-8.5.32/logs/catalina.out <==
    2018-08-14 10:02:29.181  INFO 23115 --- [nio-8080-exec-4] com.example.demo1.Demo1Application       : url:/,time:Tue Aug 14 10:02:29 CST 2018,

2.2 浏览器请求多次（比如连续20次），查看日志变化  
注意，这个时候请求就不要端口号了，直接访问ip/项目名称。nginx会负责去判断这一次由哪一个tomcat处理该请求，并转发给2个tomcat中的其中一个处理。  
![这里写图片描述][70 3]

请求日志：  
![这里写图片描述][70 4]

从日志看出，tomcat1执行一次，马上tomca2执行一次，紧接着下一次收到请求，tomcat1又执行了。这个跟nginx的调度有关系，且可以配置每个服务器的权重！！这个后续再研究！

我的nginx:

# Default server configuration
    #
    upstream malls_server{
             server localhost:8080;
             server localhost:8081;
        }
    
    
    server {
        listen 80 default_server;
        listen [::]:80 default_server;
    
        #root /var/www/html;
    
        # Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
        #index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;
    
        server_name 132.232.54.105 localhost;
    
        location = /upgrading.html {
                root /var/www/html/;
        }
    
    # location / { 
            # First attempt to serve request as file, then
            # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
    # try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
            # return 200 '<font size="20px">系统维护中......</font>';
            # return 503; 
    # }
        location / {
    
                         if ($request_method = OPTIONS ) {
                            add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
                            add_header Access-Control-Allow-Headers Origin,X-Requested-With,Content-Type,Accept;
                            return 200;
                         }
    
                         proxy_pass http://malls_server;
                         proxy_http_version 1.1;
                         proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
                         proxy_set_header Connection 'upgrade';
                         proxy_set_header Host $host;
                         proxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade;
                         proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
                         proxy_set_header X-Real-Port $remote_port;
                         proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
                         #proxy_set_header Connection "";
                         client_max_body_size 250m;
                    }
                    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    
                    location = /50x.html {
                            #root html;
                            root   /var/www/html/upgrading.html;
    
                     }
    }

[1_2G 1M_ 50G]: https://cloud.tencent.com/act/campus?from=acthome-sale-campus
[Nginx]: https://www.cnblogs.com/hunttown/p/5759959.html
[Nginx location]: http://www.cnblogs.com/zhaof/p/5945576.html
[Nginx_2]: https://www.jb51.net/article/113317.htm
[https_www.cnblogs.com_eczhou_p_7860592.html]: https://www.cnblogs.com/eczhou/p/7860592.html
[https_www.linuxidc.com_Linux_2017-05_143864.htm]: https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-05/143864.htm
[https_blog.csdn.net_hkw207_article_details_72850306]: https://blog.csdn.net/hkw207/article/details/72850306
[spring boot _]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_22638399/article/details/81506448
[demo1]: https://github.com/xiangjiangcheng/spring-boot-demo1.git
[70]: /images/20220516/355d94ffd6ae4a45b3f23a2c992ca27c.png
[70 1]: /images/20220516/d6d238ee4d6841daa835603d74348603.png
[70 2]: /images/20220516/ba94787067b249f8913b531a93ef3e98.png
[70 3]: /images/20220516/48be23a75c824b2fbf8c70e0adbdbd40.png
[70 4]: /images/20220516/901d9fec7d6640e7a832fe8044b747fd.png