linux安装图形界面包

古城微笑少年丶 2022-05-15 23:58 823阅读 0赞

# linux安装图形界面包 #

## 1、RHEL5配置光盘为本地yum源 ##

在安装软件的时候时常会遇到依赖性问题。我们可以通过配置yum来帮我们解决繁琐的软件依赖关系。

### 1.1 挂载光盘 ###

\[root@xml-ora1 mnt\]\# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom/

mount: block device /dev/cdrom iswrite-protected, mounting read-only

\[root@xml-ora1 mnt\]\# ll /mnt/cdrom/

total 3770

dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root   8192 Mar 22 2010 Cluster

dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root   8192 Mar 22 2010 ClusterStorage

\-r--r--r-- 8 root root   8445 Sep 3  2008 EULA

\-r--r--r-- 3 root root   8445 Mar 10 2010 eula.en\_US

\-r--r--r-- 8 root root  18416 Dec 1  2006 GPL

dr-xr-xr-x 4 root root   2048 Mar 22 2010 images

dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root   2048 Mar 22 2010 isolinux

### 1.2 修改yum源 ###

先copy原yum源文件备份，然后用vim编辑yum文件并保存：

\[root@xml-ora1 cdrom\]\# cp/etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo.bak

\[root@xml-ora1 cdrom\]\# vi/etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo

\[root@xml-ora1 cdrom\]\# more /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo

\[Cluster\]

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever -$basearch - Cluster

baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/Cluster

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

\[ClusterStorage\]

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever -$basearch - ClusterStorage

baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/ClusterStorage

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

\[Server\]

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever -$basearch - Server

baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/Server

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

\[VT\]

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever -$basearch - VT

baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/VT

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

**配置文件社会自说明：**

1)        \[ \]内的是仓库的名称

2)        name是仓库的描述或者说资源名称

3)        baseurl 仓库的位置，Yum源的目录获取路径

4)        enabled 是否启用这个仓库，1为起用，0为禁用，**本地设为1**

5)        gpgcheck 是否检查GPG签名（用来验证要安装的包是不是REDHAT官方的）

###  1.3 测试Yum源使用 ###

出现如下信息，说明配置成功：

\[root@xml-ora1 etc\]\# yum grouplist

Setting up Group Process

Installed Groups:

Administration Tools

Legacy Software Development

Legacy Software Support

Mail Server

Network Servers

Server Configuration Tools

System Tools

Text-based Internet

XWindow System

Available Groups:

Authoring and Publishing

Cluster Storage

Clustering

DNS Name Server

Development Libraries

Development Tools

Editors

Engineering and Scientific

FTP Server

GNOME Desktop Environment

GNOME Software Development

Games and Entertainment

Graphical Internet

Graphics

Java Development

KDE (K Desktop Environment)

KDE Software Development

KVM

Legacy Network Server

MySQL Database

News Server

Office/Productivity

OpenFabrics Enterprise Distribution

PostgreSQL Database

Printing Support

Sound and Video

Web Server

Windows File Server

XSoftware Development

Xen

Done

## 2、安装XWindow包 ##

\[root@xml-ora1 etc\]\#yum groupinstall "X Window System"

Transaction Summary

===============================================================================

Install    176 Package(s)

Upgrade       0 Package(s)

Total download size: 95 M

Is this ok \[y/N\]: **y**

Downloading Packages:

\--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total                                           511MB/s |  95 MB     00:00

warning: rpmts\_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSAsignature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Server/gpgkey                                            |1.1 kB     00:00

Importing GPG key 0x37017186 "Red Hat,Inc. (release key) <security@redhat.com>" from /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

Is this ok \[y/N\]: y

Running rpm\_check\_debug

Running Transaction Test

Finished Transaction Test

Transaction Test Succeeded

Running Transaction

Installing     : libbonobo                                             1/176

……

xorg-x11-xkb-utils.x86\_640:1.0.2-2.1

xsri.x86\_64 1:2.1.0-10.fc6

xulrunner.x86\_64 0:1.9.0.18-1.el5\_4

yelp.x86\_64 0:2.16.0-22.el5

**Complete!**

此时说明成功安装图形界面包，再次用yum安装的时候，会出现已经安装的包，如果手动安装则按照下面的包进行安装，不过很多依赖包的安装比较麻烦。

\[root@xml-ora1 etc\]\# yum groupinstall "X WindowSystem"

Setting up Group Process

Package xorg-x11-fonts-misc-7.1-2.1.el5.noarchalready installed and latest version

Packagexorg-x11-server-Xorg-1.1.1-48.76.el5.x86\_64 already installed and latestversion

Packagexorg-x11-fonts-ISO8859-1-75dpi-7.1-2.1.el5.noarch already installed and latestversion

Package xorg-x11-fonts-100dpi-7.1-2.1.el5.noarchalready installed and latest version

Packagexorg-x11-fonts-75dpi-7.1-2.1.el5.noarch already installed and latest version

Package 1:xorg-x11-xauth-1.0.1-2.1.x86\_64already installed and latest version

Package desktop-backgrounds-basic-2.0-37.noarchalready installed and latest version

Packagexorg-x11-fonts-ISO8859-1-100dpi-7.1-2.1.el5.noarch already installed and latestversion

Package xorg-x11-xinit-1.0.2-15.el5.x86\_64already installed and latest version

Package xorg-x11-fonts-truetype-7.1-2.1.el5.noarchalready installed and latest version

Package 1:xorg-x11-xfs-1.0.2-4.x86\_64already installed and latest version

Packagexorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.1-2.1.el5.noarch already installed and latest version

Package bitmap-fonts-0.3-5.1.1.noarchalready installed and latest version

Package xorg-x11-drivers-7.1-4.2.el5.x86\_64already installed and latest version

Package 1:xorg-x11-twm-1.0.1-3.1.x86\_64already installed and latest version

Package xorg-x11-apps-7.1-4.0.1.el5.x86\_64already installed and latest version

Package pirut-1.3.28-17.el5.noarch alreadyinstalled and latest version

Package openssh-askpass-4.3p2-41.el5.x86\_64already installed and latest version

Packagerhn-setup-gnome-0.4.20-33.el5.noarch already installed and latest version

Package liberation-fonts-1.0-1.el5.noarchalready installed and latest version

Package firstboot-1.4.27.8-1.el5.x86\_64already installed and latest version

Packagesystem-config-display-1.0.48-2.el5.noarch already installed and latest version

Package freeglut-2.4.0-7.1.el5.x86\_64already installed and latest version

Package freeglut-2.4.0-7.1.el5.i386 alreadyinstalled and latest version

Package 1:gdm-2.16.0-56.el5.x86\_64 alreadyinstalled and latest version

Package policycoreutils-gui-1.33.12-14.8.el5.x86\_64already installed and latest version

Package rhgb-0.16.4-8.el5.x86\_64 alreadyinstalled and latest version

Package synaptics-0.14.4-8.fc6.x86\_64already installed and latest version

Package krb5-auth-dialog-0.7-1.x86\_64already installed and latest version

Packagesystem-config-soundcard-2.0.6-1.el5.noarch already installed and latest version

Package xterm-215-8.el5\_4.1.x86\_64 alreadyinstalled and latest version

Package dejavu-lgc-fonts-2.10-1.noarchalready installed and latest version

Package linuxwacom-0.7.8.3-8.el5.x86\_64already installed and latest version

Packagesystem-config-services-0.9.4-5.el5.noarch already installed and latest version

Package vnc-server-4.1.2-14.el5\_3.1.x86\_64already installed and latest version

Packagesystem-config-date-1.8.12-4.el5.noarch already installed and latest version

Package glx-utils-6.5.1-7.8.el5.x86\_64already installed and latest version

Package wdaemon-0.14-5.x86\_64 alreadyinstalled and latest version

Package authconfig-gtk-5.3.21-6.el5.x86\_64already installed and latest version

Packagesystem-config-printer-0.7.32.10-1.el5.x86\_64 already installed and latestversion

Packagesystem-config-network-1.3.99.18-1.el5.noarch already installed and latestversion

Package bitstream-vera-fonts-1.10-7.noarchalready installed and latest version

Packagesystem-config-users-1.2.51-4.el5.noarch already installed and latest version

No packages in any requested groupavailable to install or update

## 3、启动XWindow ##

此时如果启动图形界面的话，看到的图形界面是linux原始的图形界面，如下：

如果想出现桌面的话，还需要安装Desktop组件，用yum grouplist查看下组件列表：

GNOME Desktop Environment和KDE (KDesktop Environment)并未安装。

## 4、安装GNOME图形桌面 ##

\[root@xml-ora1 etc\]\# yum groupinstall "GNOMEDesktop Environment"

zenity                        x86\_64   2.16.0-2.el5             Server   1.2 M

Transaction Summary

===============================================================================

Install    145 Package(s)

Upgrade       0 Package(s)

Total download size: 124 M

Is this ok \[y/N\]: **y**

Downloading Packages:

\--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total                                           1.4GB/s | 124 MB     00:00

……

Running rpm\_check\_debug

Running Transaction Test

xorg-x11-server-Xnest.x86\_64 0:1.1.1-48.76.el5

zenity.x86\_64 0:2.16.0-2.el5

**Complete!**

## 5、启动GNOME图形桌面 ##

\[root@xml-ora1 etc\]\# startx

出现正常安装的linux图形界面则说明安装成功。

## 6、图形桌面常用命令 ##

### 6.1、已安装组件和未安装组件查看 ###

\[root@xml-ora1 etc\]\#yum grouplist

### 6.2 安装xwindow包 ###

如果系统安装之初采用最小化安装，没有安装xwindow，那么先安装

\[root@xml-ora1 etc\]\# yum groupinstall "X WindowSystem"

### 6.3 安装卸载GNOME桌面环境 ###

安装GNOME桌面环境

\[root@xml-ora1 etc\]\#yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop Environment"

卸载GNOME桌面环境

\[root@xml-ora1 etc\]\#yum groupremove "GNOME DesktopEnvironment"

### 6.4 安装卸载GNOME桌面环境 ###

安装KDE桌面环境

\[root@xml-ora1 etc\]\#yum groupinstall "KDE (K DesktopEnvironment)"

卸载KDE桌面环境

\[root@xml-ora1 etc\]\#yum groupremove "KDE (K DesktopEnvironment)"

### 6.5 默认桌面设置和切换 ###

**默认启动桌面选择设置：**

**方法1：** 修改/etc/sysconfig/desktop，根据需要将“DESKTOP”后面的内容改为KDE或GNOME。

**方法2：**在当前用户目录下建立“.xinitrc”这个文件（注意文件名前有一个点号，代表建立的是一个隐藏文件），文件的内容就一行startkde或gnome-session，根据自己的需要选择KDE或GNOME。

**GNOME和KDE的切换（“\#”后面为输入命令）**

1、如果需要切换到GNOME：

\[root@xml-ora1 etc\]\#switchdesk gnome

2、如果需要切换到KDE：

\[root@xml-ora1 etc\]\#switchdesk kde

### 6.6 退出图形界面 ###

可以直接按 ctrl + alt + F1或者 ctal + alt + F2 等切换到文本控制台。或者图形界面菜单里面有选项的，选择退出或者关机的时候有选择退出到文本界面。

linux安装图形界面包

发表评论取消回复

还没有评论，来说两句吧...

相关阅读

相关 Python图形用户界GUI大解密（下篇）

相关 Python图形用户界GUI大解密（上篇）

相关 Linux安装xwindow图形界面

相关 LINUX CentOS-7安装图形界面问题

相关 Oracle Linux 安装X Window 图形界面

相关 linux下安装weblogic无图形化界面

相关 Linux CentOS安装图形界面和软件

相关 Linux CentOS安装图形界面

相关 Linux安装图形界面使用VNC访问

相关 linux安装图形界面包