python简易使用rabbitmq

水深无声 2022-05-15 13:59 185阅读 0赞

代码地址：[https://github.com/Blankwhiter/rabbitmq][https_github.com_Blankwhiter_rabbitmq]

# 一、搭建rabbitmq环境 #

请参考《springboot简易集成rabbitmq》 的第一步 [https://blog.csdn.net/belonghuang157405/article/details/83504207][https_blog.csdn.net_belonghuang157405_article_details_83504207]

# 二、python集成rabbitmq #

首先python需要安装 **pika** 模块。请读者自行安装。

*  1.**direct**模式 收发消息

发送者 **[rabbitmq-send.py][]**

import pika
    #认证 设置账号密码
    credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('guest','guest')
    #创建连接
    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        '192.168.9.219',5672,'/',credentials))
    #建立信道
    channel = connection.channel()
    
    channel.exchange_declare(exchange='exchange-python-direct',
                             exchange_type='direct')
    # 声明queue
    #创建一个新队列balance，设置durable=True 队列持久化，注意不要跟已存在的队列重名，否则有报错
    channel.queue_declare(queue='direct-queue', durable=True)
    
    #绑定队列与交换器
    channel.queue_bind(exchange="exchange-python-direct", queue="direct-queue", routing_key="apple")
    
    #发送消息
    # n RabbitMQ a message can never be sent directly to the queue, it always needs to go through an exchange.
    channel.basic_publish(exchange='exchange-python-direct',
                          routing_key='apple',
                          body='exchange-python-direct : apple : Hello World !',
                          properties=pika.BasicProperties(
                              delivery_mode=2,  # 使消息或任务也持久化存储
                              ))
    print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
    connection.close()

接收者 **[rabbitmq-receive.py][]**

import pika
    #认证 设置账号密码
    credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('guest','guest')
    #创建连接
    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        '192.168.9.219',5672,'/',credentials))
    #建立信道
    channel = connection.channel()
    
    # You may ask why we declare the queue again ‒ we have already declared it in our previous code.
    # We could avoid that if we were sure that the queue already exists. For example if send.py program
    # was run before. But we're not yet sure which program to run first. In such cases it's a good
    # practice to repeat declaring the queue in both programs.
    #是为了防止没找到queue队列名称报错
    channel.queue_declare(queue='direct-queue', durable=True)
    
    #处理消息
    def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
        print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
    
    # 接收消息
    channel.basic_consume(callback,
                          queue='direct-queue',
                          no_ack=True) #如果接收消息，机器宕机消息就丢了
    
    print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
    #开始接收
    channel.start_consuming()

*  2.**fanout**模式 收发消息

发送者 **[rabbitmq-send.py][]**

import pika
    #认证 设置账号密码
    credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('guest','guest')
    #创建连接
    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        '192.168.9.219',5672,'/',credentials))
    #建立信道
    channel = connection.channel()
    
    channel.exchange_declare(exchange="exchange-python-fanout",
                             exchange_type="fanout")
    #是为了防止没找到queue队列名称报错
    channel.queue_declare(queue='fanout-queue-1', durable=True)
    channel.queue_declare(queue='fanout-queue-2', durable=True)
    channel.queue_declare(queue='fanout-queue-3', durable=True)
    # 绑定队列与交换器
    channel.queue_bind(exchange="exchange-python-fanout", queue="fanout-queue-1")
    channel.queue_bind(exchange="exchange-python-fanout", queue="fanout-queue-2")
    channel.queue_bind(exchange="exchange-python-fanout", queue="fanout-queue-3")
    #发送消息
    # n RabbitMQ a message can never be sent directly to the queue, it always needs to go through an exchange.
    channel.basic_publish(exchange='exchange-python-fanout',
                          routing_key='',
                          body='exchange-python : Hello World!',
                          properties=pika.BasicProperties(
                              delivery_mode=2  # 使消息或任务也持久化存储
                              ))
    print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
    connection.close()

接收者 **[rabbitmq-receive.py][]**

import pika
    #认证 设置账号密码
    credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('guest','guest')
    #创建连接
    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        '192.168.9.219',5672,'/',credentials))
    #建立信道
    channel = connection.channel()
    
    # You may ask why we declare the queue again ‒ we have already declared it in our previous code.
    # We could avoid that if we were sure that the queue already exists. For example if send.py program
    # was run before. But we're not yet sure which program to run first. In such cases it's a good
    # practice to repeat declaring the queue in both programs.
    #是为了防止没找到queue队列名称报错
    channel.queue_declare(queue='fanout-queue-1', durable=True)
    
    #处理消息
    def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
        print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
    
    # 接收消息
    channel.basic_consume(callback,
                          queue='fanout-queue-1',
                          no_ack=True) #如果接收消息，机器宕机消息就丢了
    
    print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
    #开始接收
    channel.start_consuming()

其他模式请读者自行测试。

[https_github.com_Blankwhiter_rabbitmq]: https://github.com/Blankwhiter/rabbitmq
[https_blog.csdn.net_belonghuang157405_article_details_83504207]: https://blog.csdn.net/belonghuang157405/article/details/83504207
[rabbitmq-send.py]: http://rabbitmq-send.py
[rabbitmq-receive.py]: http://rabbitmq-receive.py