Ansible使用playbook自动化编译安装Nginx（亲测）

拼搏现实的明天。 2022-05-15 12:24 650阅读 0赞

★安装：

\# yum install ansible -y  （epel仓库中）

★程序：

ansible

ansible-playbook  //剧本

ansible-doc        //获取帮助文档

★配置文件

/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg    //核心配置文件

★主机清单：

/etc/ansible/hosts

★插件目录：

/usr/share/ansible\_plugins/

1、设置ansble到各个主机的免密钥通讯：  
\[root@cml1~\]\# ssh-keygen  
\[root@cml1~\]\# ssh-copy-id 192.168.5.102  
   
2、定义主机组：  
\[root@cml1~\]\# cd /etc/ansible/  
\[root@cml1ansible\]\# vim hosts   
\[webserver\]  
192.168.5.102  
192.168.5.104  
   
3、查看主机组内的主机：  
\[root@cml1ansible\]\# ansible webserver --list-hosts   
  hosts (2):  
    192.168.5.102  
    192.168.5.104  
4、定义角色路径  
\[root@cml1~\]\# cat /etc/ansible/nginx.yaml   
\- hosts: 192.168.5.102  
 remote\_user: root  
  roles:  
  -nginx\_install    \#\#\#roles目录下的nginx\_install目录  
  -nginx\_config    \#\#\#roles目录下的nginx\_config目录  
5、查看目录结构：  
\[root@cml1 roles\]\# tree  
.  
├── nginx\_config  
│  ├── default  
│  ├── files  
│  ├── handlers  
│  │  └── main.yml  
│  ├── meta  
│  ├── tasks  
│  │  └── main.yml  
│  ├── templates  
│  │  └── temp\_server.conf  
│  └── vars  
│      └── main.yml  
└── nginx\_install  
    ├──default  
    ├──files  
  │  └── nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz  
    ├──handlers  
  │  └── main.yml  
    ├──meta  
    ├──tasks  
  │  └── main.yml  
    ├──templates  
  │  └── nginx.conf.j2  
    └── vars

└── main.yml

\[root@cml1roles\]\# cd nginx\_install/  
\[root@cml1nginx\_install\]\# ls  
default  files handlers  meta  tasks templates  vars  
6、task定义开始任务：  
\[root@cml1nginx\_install\]\# cd tasks/  
\[root@cml1tasks\]\# cat main.yml   
\- name: copynginx package to remote host    
  copy: src=nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz  dest=/tmp/nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz  \#\#拉取nginx解压吧  
  tags: cppkg  
\- name: tarnginx  
  shell: cd /tmp;tar -xf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz  \#\#解压nginx包  
\- name: installpakger  
  yum: name=\{ \{ item \}\} state=latest    \#\#安装依赖包  
  with\_items:  
    - openssl-devel  
    - pcre-devel  
    - gcc  
\- name: installnginx  
  shell: cd /usr/local/nginx-1.12.0;./configure--user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx--with-http\_stub\_status\_module --with-http\_ssl\_module --with-pcre;make&& make install      \#\#\#\#编译安装  
\- name: copyconf file nginx.conf            
  template: src=nginx.conf.j2  dest=/usr/local/nginx-1.12.0/conf/nginx.conf  \#\#\#复制在template目录下的配置文件  
  tags: ngxconf  
\- name: copyshell  
  copy: src=/opt/create\_users.sh  dest=/tmp/create\_users.sh  \#\#拉取创建用户的shell脚本  
\- name: createuser nginx  
  shell: /bin/bash /tmp/create\_users.sh  
  tags: addnginx  
  notify: start nginx service

为什么要写这个脚本？因为加入有些主机创建的用户已存在就会报错  
\[root@cml1tasks\]\# cat /opt/create\_users.sh   
\#!/bin/bash  
a=\`cat/etc/passwd | grep nginx | wc -l\`  
if \[ $a == 0\];then  
      useradd nginx  
fi

6、第二行copy对应file目录：  
\[root@cml1nginx\_install\]\# cd files/  
\[root@cml1files\]\# ls  
nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz

7、template这一行对应的是template这个目录和主服务端定义的变量：  
\[root@cml1nginx\_install\]\# cd templates/  
\[root@cml1templates\]\# ls  
nginx.conf.j2  
\[root@cml1templates\]\# cat nginx.conf   
   
user  nginx;  
worker\_processes  \{ \{ ansible\_processor\_vcpus \}\};  
   
\#error\_log  logs/error.log;  
\#error\_log  logs/error.log  notice;  
\#error\_log  logs/error.log  info;  
   
\#pid        logs/nginx.pid;  
   
   
events \{  
    worker\_connections  \{ \{ bingfa \}\};  
\}  
   
   
http \{  
    
   
    include      mime.types;  
    default\_type  application/octet-stream;  
   
    \#log\_format main  '$remote\_addr - $remote\_user\[$time\_local\] "$request" '  
    \#                  '$status $body\_bytes\_sent"$http\_referer" '  
    \#                  '"$http\_user\_agent""$http\_x\_forwarded\_for"';  
  log\_format xiaoluo  '$remote\_addr -$remote\_user  \[$time\_local\]  '  
                            '"$request"  $status$body\_bytes\_sent '  
                            '"$http\_referer" "$http\_user\_agent" ';  
    \#access\_log logs/access.log  main;  
   
    sendfile        on;  
    \#tcp\_nopush    on;  
   
    \#keepalive\_timeout  0;  
    keepalive\_timeout  65;  
   
    \#gzip on;  
      
    server \{  
        listen      \{ \{ ngxport \}\};    
        server\_name  wwwNaNl.com  
        access\_log logs/wwwNaNl.com  xiaoluo;  
        \#location / \{  
        \#  proxy\_pass http://192.168.5.101;  
        \#\}  
   
        \#error\_page  404              /404.html;  
   
        \# redirect server error pages to thestatic page /50x.html  
        \#  
        error\_page  500 502 503 504  /50x.html;  
        location = /50x.html \{  
            root  html;  
        \}  
   
        \# proxy the PHP scripts to Apachelistening on 127.0.0.1:80  
        \#  
        \#location ~ \\.php$ \{  
        \#  proxy\_pass  http://127.0.0.1;  
        \#\}  
   
        \# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGIserver listening on 127.0.0.1:9000  
        \#  
        location ~ \\.php$ \{  
            root          /web;  
            fastcgi\_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;  
            fastcgi\_index  index.php;  
            fastcgi\_param  SCRIPT\_FILENAME$document\_root$fastcgi\_script\_name;  
            include        fastcgi\_params;  
        \}  
   
        \# deny access to .htaccess files, ifApache's document root  
        \# concurs with nginx's one  
        \#  
        \#location ~ /\\.ht \{  
        \#  deny  all;  
        \#\}  
    \}  
  include vhosts/\*.conf;  
\}\#\#需要注意的就是模板变量（客户端自动采集）、和在服务端定义的变量\{ \{ngx\_port\}\}  
8、在vars定义变量：  
\[root@cml1nginx\_install\]\# cd vars/  
\[root@cml1vars\]\# cat main.yml   
ngxport:"8080"

bingfa: 10000

9、定义触发器：  
\[root@cml1nginx\_install\]\# cd handlers/  
\[root@cml1handlers\]\# cat main.yml   
\- name: startnginx service   
  shell: /usr/loal/nginx/sbin/nginx

10、在nginx\_config目录加入我们经常要增加nginx站点，直接写好模板推送到vhos目录：(下面没有测试，感兴趣的可以测试一下)  
\[root@cml1roles\]\# cd nginx\_config/  
\[root@cml1nginx\_config\]\# ls  
default  files handlers  meta  tasks templates  vars  
\[root@cml1nginx\_config\]\# cd templates/  
\[root@cml1templates\]\# ls  
temp\_server.conf  
\[root@cml1templates\]\# cat temp\_server.conf   
server   
\{   
listen 80;   
server\_name \{ \{server\_name \}\};   
index index.phpindex.html;   
root \{ \{root\_dir \}\};   
\}

\#\#\#在var定义变量：  
\[root@cml1templates\]\# cd ../vars/  
\[root@cml1vars\]\# cat main.yml   
server\_name: "www.xiaoluo.com"  
root\_dir:"/web"

11、写配置nginx的tasks步骤：  
\[root@cml1nginx\_config\]\# cd tasks/  
\[root@cml1tasks\]\# ls  
main.yml  
\[root@cml1tasks\]\# cat main.yml   
\- name: createvhosts  
  shell: mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/  
  tags: create\_dir  
\- name: copyconf file nginx.conf          \# 调用templates模块  
  template: src=temp\_server.confdest=/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/\{ \{ server\_name \}\}.conf  
  tags: ngxconf  
  notify: reload nginx service   
\#\#\#定义重启触发器：  
\[root@cml1tasks\]\# cd ../handlers/  
You have newmail in /var/spool/mail/root  
\[root@cml1handlers\]\# cat main.yml   
\- name: reloadnginx service  
  shell: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx-t;/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

测试：  
\[root@cml1ansible\]\# ansible-playbook -C nginx.yaml   
   
PLAY\[192.168.5.104\] \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*   
   
GATHERING FACTS\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*   
ok:\[192.168.5.104\]  
   
TASK:\[nginx\_install | copy nginx package to remote host\] \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*   
changed:\[192.168.5.104\]  
   
TASK:\[nginx\_install | tar nginx\] \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*   
skipping:\[192.168.5.104\]  
ok:\[192.168.5.104\]  
   
TASK:\[nginx\_install | install pakger\] \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*   
changed: \[192.168.5.104\]=> (item=openssl-devel,pcre-devel,gcc)  
   
TASK:\[nginx\_install | install nginx\] \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*   
skipping:\[192.168.5.104\]  
ok:\[192.168.5.104\]  
   
TASK:\[nginx\_install | copy conf file nginx.conf\] \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*   
changed:\[192.168.5.104\]  
   
TASK:\[nginx\_install | copy shell\] \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*   
changed:\[192.168.5.104\]  
   
TASK:\[nginx\_install | create user nginx\] \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*   
skipping:\[192.168.5.104\]  
ok: \[192.168.5.104\]  
   
TASK:\[nginx\_config | create vhosts\] \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*   
skipping:\[192.168.5.104\]  
ok:\[192.168.5.104\]  
   
TASK:\[nginx\_config | copy conf file nginx.conf\] \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*   
changed:\[192.168.5.104\]  
   
NOTIFIED:\[nginx\_config | reload nginx service\] \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*   
skipping:\[192.168.5.104\]  
ok:\[192.168.5.104\]  
   
PLAY RECAP\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*   
192.168.5.104              : ok=6    changed=5  unreachable=0    failed=0\[root@cml1 ansible\]\# ansible-playbook  nginx.yaml   
PLAY \[192.168.5.104\] \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*   
GATHERING FACTS \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*   
ok: \[192.168.5.104\]  
TASK: \[nginx\_install | copy nginx package to remote host\] \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*   
ok: \[192.168.5.104\]  
TASK: \[nginx\_install | tar nginx\] \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*   
changed: \[192.168.5.104\]  
TASK: \[nginx\_install | install pakger\] \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*   
ok: \[192.168.5.104\] => (item=openssl-devel,pcre-devel,gcc)  
TASK: \[nginx\_install | install nginx\] \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*   
changed: \[192.168.5.104\]  
TASK: \[nginx\_install | copy conf file nginx.conf\] \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*   
ok: \[192.168.5.104\]  
TASK: \[nginx\_install | copy shell\] \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*   
ok: \[192.168.5.104\]  
TASK: \[nginx\_install | create user nginx\] \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*   
changed: \[192.168.5.104\]  
TASK: \[nginx\_config | create vhosts\] \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*   
changed: \[192.168.5.104\]  
TASK: \[nginx\_config | copy conf file nginx.conf\] \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*   
ok: \[192.168.5.104\]  
NOTIFIED: \[nginx\_install | start nginx service\] \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*   
changed: \[192.168.5.104\]  
PLAY RECAP \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*   
192.168.5.104              : ok=11  changed=5    unreachable=0    failed=0\[root@cml3 ~\]\# ifconfig  
ens34: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500  
        inet 192.168.5.104  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.5.255

\[root@cml3 ~\]\# netstat -ntlp  
Active Internet connections (only servers)  
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address          Foreign Address        State      PID/Program name                
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:\*              LISTEN      29264/nginx: master   
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8080            0.0.0.0:\*              LISTEN      29264/nginx: master

四、定义日志文件  
下面是介绍如何定义日志：（在ansible1.9.1版本之后有个bug所以定义不了日志文件只能降版本到1.9.1了）  
1、ansible倒回去版本：1.9.1  
需要安装gcc、python-devel  
\[root@cml1 ~\]\#yum install python-pip  
\[root@cml1 ~\]\#pip install ansible==1.9.1

2、callback插件：  
\[root@cml1tasks\]\# vim /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg  
callback\_plugins  = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/callback  
bin\_ansible\_callbacks= True

3、在callback目录下创建日志处理文件：  
\[root@cml1tasks\]\# cd /usr/share/ansible/plugins/callback  
\[root@cml1callback\]\# ls  
log.py  log.pyc  
\[root@cml1callback\]\# cat log.py  
import os  
import time  
import json  
   
TIME\_FORMAT="%b%d %Y %H:%M:%S"  
MSG\_FORMAT="%(now)s- %(category)s - %(data)s\\n\\n"  
   
if notos.path.exists("/var/log/ansible/hosts"):  
  os.makedirs("/var/log/ansible/hosts")  
   
def log(host,category, data):  
    if type(data) == dict:  
        if 'verbose\_override' in data:  
            \# avoid logging extraneous datafrom facts  
            data = 'omitted'  
        else:  
            data = data.copy()  
            invocation = data.pop('invocation',None)  
            data = json.dumps(data)  
            if invocation is not None:  
                data = json.dumps(invocation) +" => %s " % data  
   
    path =os.path.join("/var/log/ansible/hosts", host)  
    now = time.strftime(TIME\_FORMAT,time.localtime())  
    fd =open(path, "a")  
    fd.write(MSG\_FORMAT % dict(now=now,category=category, data=data))  
    fd.close()  
   
classCallbackModule(object):  
    """  
    logs playbook results, per host, in/var/log/ansible/hosts  
    """  
   
    def on\_any(self, \*args, \*\*kwargs):  
        pass  
   
    def runner\_on\_failed(self, host, res,ignore\_errors=False):  
        log(host, 'FAILED', res)  
   
    def runner\_on\_ok(self, host, res):  
        log(host, 'OK', res)  
   
    def runner\_on\_skipped(self, host,item=None):  
        log(host, 'SKIPPED', '...')  
   
    def runner\_on\_unreachable(self, host, res):  
        log(host, 'UNREACHABLE', res)  
   
    def runner\_on\_no\_hosts(self):  
        pass  
   
    def runner\_on\_async\_poll(self, host, res,jid, clock):  
        pass  
   
    def runner\_on\_async\_ok(self, host, res,jid):  
        pass  
   
    def runner\_on\_async\_failed(self, host, res,jid):  
        log(host, 'ASYNC\_FAILED', res)  
   
    def playbook\_on\_start(self):  
        pass  
   
    def playbook\_on\_notify(self, host,handler):  
        pass  
   
    def playbook\_on\_no\_hosts\_matched(self):  
        pass  
   
    def playbook\_on\_no\_hosts\_remaining(self):  
        pass  
   
    def playbook\_on\_task\_start(self, name,is\_conditional):  
        pass  
   
    def playbook\_on\_vars\_prompt(self, varname,private=True, prompt=None, encrypt=None, confirm=False, salt\_size=None,salt=None, default=None):  
        pass  
   
    def playbook\_on\_setup(self):  
        pass  
   
    def playbook\_on\_import\_for\_host(self, host,imported\_file):  
        log(host, 'IMPORTED', imported\_file)  
   
    def playbook\_on\_not\_import\_for\_host(self,host, missing\_file):  
        log(host, 'NOTIMPORTED', missing\_file)  
   
    def playbook\_on\_play\_start(self, name):  
        pass  
   
    def playbook\_on\_stats(self, stats):  
        pass

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**Ansible 的详细介绍**：[请点这里][Link 1]  
**Ansible 的下载地址**：[请点这里][Link 2]

[CentOS]: http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=14
[http_www.linuxidc.com_Linux_2017-06_144430.htm]: https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-06/144430.htm
[http_www.linuxidc.com_Linux_2015-10_123801.htm]: https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-10/123801.htm
[http_www.linuxidc.com_Linux_2016-12_138737.htm]: https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-12/138737.htm
[http_www.linuxidc.com_Linux_2017-03_141427.htm]: https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-03/141427.htm
[http_www.linuxidc.com_Linux_2017-02_140216.htm]: https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-02/140216.htm
[http_www.linuxidc.com_Linux_2017-03_142121.htm]: https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-03/142121.htm
[http_www.linuxidc.com_Linux_2016-12_138104.htm]: https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-12/138104.htm
[http_www.linuxidc.com_Linux_2017-03_142191.htm]: https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-03/142191.htm
[http_www.linuxidc.com_Linux_2017-02_140871.htm]: https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-02/140871.htm
[http_www.linuxidc.com_Linux_2017-03_141422.htm]: https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-03/141422.htm
[Link 1]: https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-11/109871.htm
[Link 2]: https://www.linuxidc.com/down.aspx?id=1634