Spring boot配置文件值注入

ゝ一纸荒年。 2022-05-15 11:30 237阅读 0赞

### @ConfigurationProperties ###

将配置文件中配置的每一个属性的值，映射到这个组件中  
告诉SpringBoot将本类中的所有属性  
和配置文件中相关的配置进行绑定

Prefix  
表示前缀，配置文件中哪个  
下面的所有属性进行一一映射

注意  
只有这个组件是容器中的组件  
才能容器使用提供的@ConfigurationProperties功能  
使用注解，这个组件必须在容器中

### 导入配置文件处理器 ###

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>

### 创建Bean ###

package com.atguigu.springboot.bean;
    
    
    import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
    
    import javax.validation.constraints.Null;
    import java.util.Date;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    
    /** * 将配置文件中配置的每一个属性的值，映射到这个组件中 * @ConfigurationProperties：告诉SpringBoot将本类中的所有属性和配置文件中相关的配置进行绑定； * prefix = "person"：配置文件中哪个下面的所有属性进行一一映射 * 表示前缀 * 只有这个组件是容器中的组件，才能容器提供的@ConfigurationProperties功能； * @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")默认从全局配置文件中获取值； * */
    //@PropertySource(value = {"classpath:person.properties"})
    @Component
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
    //@Validated
    public class Person { 
    
        /** * <bean class="Person"> * <property name="lastName" value="字面量/${key}从环境变量、配置文件中获取值/#{SpEL}"></property> * <bean/> */
    
       //lastName必须是邮箱格式
       // @Email
        //@Value("${person.last-name}")
        private String lastName;
        //@Value("#{11*2}")
        private Integer age;
        //@Value("true")
        private Boolean boss;
    
        private Date birth;
        //@Value("${person.maps}")
        private Map<String,Object> maps;
        private List<Object> lists;
        private Dog dog;
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Person{" +
                    "lastName='" + lastName + '\'' +
                    ", age=" + age +
                    ", boss=" + boss +
                    ", birth=" + birth +
                    ", maps=" + maps +
                    ", lists=" + lists +
                    ", dog=" + dog +
                    '}';
        }
    
        public String getLastName() {
            return lastName;
        }
    
        public void setLastName(String lastName) {
            this.lastName = lastName;
        }
    
        public Integer getAge() {
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(Integer age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
    
        public Boolean getBoss() {
            return boss;
        }
    
        public void setBoss(Boolean boss) {
            this.boss = boss;
        }
    
        public Date getBirth() {
            return birth;
        }
    
        public void setBirth(Date birth) {
            this.birth = birth;
        }
    
        public Map<String, Object> getMaps() {
            return maps;
        }
    
        public void setMaps(Map<String, Object> maps) {
            this.maps = maps;
        }
    
        public List<Object> getLists() {
            return lists;
        }
    
        public void setLists(List<Object> lists) {
            this.lists = lists;
        }
    
        public Dog getDog() {
            return dog;
        }
    
        public void setDog(Dog dog) {
            this.dog = dog;
        }
    }

### 配置文件 ###

application.properties配置

person.last-name=张三${random.uuid}
    person.age=${random.int}
    person.birth=2017/12/15
    person.boss=false
    person.maps.k1=v1
    person.maps.k2=14
    person.lists=a,b,c
    person.dog.name=${person.hello:hello}_dog
    person.dog.age=15

或者  
application.yml配置

person:
      lastName: hello
      age: 18
      boss: false
      birth: 2017/12/12
      maps: {k1: v1,k2: 12}
      lists:
        -lisi     -zhaoliu   dog:
        name: 小狗
        age: 12

### 测试 ###

package com.atguigu.springboot;
    
    import com.atguigu.springboot.bean.Person;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
    
    
    /** * SpringBoot单元测试; * * 可以在测试期间很方便的类似编码一样进行自动注入等容器的功能 * */
    @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
    @SpringBootTest
    public class SpringBoot02ConfigApplicationTests {
    
        @Autowired
        Person person;
    
        @Autowired
        ApplicationContext ioc;
    
        @Test
        public void contextLoads() {
            System.out.println(person);
        }
    
    }

运行  
![这里写图片描述][70]

[70]: /images/20220515/8f200daa141c4716b2343186a9fe83a7.png