微信公众号java开发沉淀（四）获取用户信息

末蓝、 2022-05-13 17:49 1107阅读 0赞

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关注公众号后，公众号可获得关注者的OpenID（加密后的微信号，每个用户对每个公众号的OpenID是唯一的。对于不同公众号，同一用户的openid不同）。公众号可通过OpenID获取用户基本信息，包括昵称、头像、性别、所在城市、语言和关注时间。

如果开发者有在多个公众号，或在公众号、移动应用之间统一用户帐号的需求，需要前往微信开放平台（[open.weixin.qq.com][]）绑定公众号后，才可利用UnionID机制来满足上述需求。

一个微信用户对一个公众号OpenID 是唯一的。一个微信用户对同一个微信开放平台UnionID是唯一的。

#### 获取OpenID前，先要获取code ####

在微信里面引导关注者打开如下页面（测试方便起见可以直接把url当成普通消息通过文件传输助手发到微信上，然后直接点这个链接，效果一样）：

[https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid=APPID&redirect\_uri=REDIRECT\_URI&response\_type=code&scope=SCOPE&state=STATE\#wechat\_redirect][https_open.weixin.qq.com_connect_oauth2_authorize_appid_APPID_redirect_uri_REDIRECT_URI_response_type_code_scope_SCOPE_state_STATE_wechat_redirect]

如果用户同意授权，页面将跳转至 redirect\_uri?code=CODE&state=STATE 就这样code自动生成了。会带进重定向的url的后面参数中。

redirect\_uri 是我们java项目提供的一个URL，接收两个参数：code 和 state。注意redirect\_uri 需要URL编码。

例如，我现在提供的接口是 [https://60cc9d13.ngrok.io/wx/api/userInfo][https_60cc9d13.ngrok.io_wx_api_userInfo]

url 编码以后是 https%3a%2f%[2f60cc9d13.ngrok.io][]%2fwx%2fapi%2fuserInfo

替换后 [https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid=wx9614d94b5cb85921&redirect\_uri=http%3A%2F%2F60cc9d13.ngrok.io%2Fwx%2Fapi%2FuserInfo&response\_type=code&scope=snsapi\_userinfo&state=\#wechat\_redirect][https_open.weixin.qq.com_connect_oauth2_authorize_appid_wx9614d94b5cb85921_redirect_uri_http_3A_2F_2F60cc9d13.ngrok.io_2Fwx_2Fapi_2FuserInfo_response_type_code_scope_snsapi_userinfo_state_wechat_redirect]

把这个url发到微信，点击，就可以直接访问了。下面有代码和tomcat日志。

### 根据code获取OpenId ###

访问

https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=${APPID}&secret=${APPSECRET}&code=${CODE}&grant_type=authorization_code

返回包含openId的json对象。

### 获取access\_token ###

访问

https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=${APPID}&secret=${APPSECRET}

返回包含accessToken的json对象

### 获取用户信息 ###

访问

https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info?access_token=${ACCESS_TOKEN}&openid=${OPENID}&lang=zh_CN

返回用户信息，注意如果使用了开放平台，才有unionid。否则unionid为null.

### 代码demo,简单起见所有东西都放一个类里了. ###

**不要乱用我的appId和SECRET**

package com.tsing.wechat.controller;
    
    import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
    import com.tsing.wechat.model.AccessToken;
    import com.tsing.wechat.model.WeChatUserInfo;
    import com.tsing.wechat.model.WebToken;
    import com.tsing.wechat.utils.HttpUtils;
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
    import org.apache.commons.lang.text.StrSubstitutor;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    @Slf4j
    @RestController
    @RequestMapping("/api")
    public class WxUserInfoController { 
    
        public static final String APP_ID = "APPID";
        public static final String APP_ID_VALUE = "wx5087e91fe1430b1d";
        public static final String APP_SECRET = "APPSECRET";
        public static final String APP_SECRET_VALUE = "*****";
        public static final String CODE = "CODE";
    
        public static final String ACCESS_TOKEN = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=${APPID}&secret=${APPSECRET}";
    
        private static final String ACCESS_TOKEN_CODE = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=${APPID}&secret=${APPSECRET}&code=${CODE}&grant_type=authorization_code";
    
        private static final String USER_INFO = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info?access_token=${ACCESS_TOKEN}&openid=${OPENID}&lang=zh_CN";
    
        /** * 根据code获取网页授权用户的openid */
        @RequestMapping(value = "/userInfo")
        public WeChatUserInfo getUserInfo(@RequestParam String code, @RequestParam String state) { 
            String openId = getWebAccessToken(APP_ID_VALUE, APP_SECRET_VALUE, code);
            log.debug("根据code=" + code + "获取openId值为:" + openId);
            String accessToken = getAccessToken(APP_ID_VALUE, APP_SECRET_VALUE);
            WeChatUserInfo userInfo = getWeChatUserInfo(accessToken, openId);
            log.info("用户信息：{}", userInfo);
            return userInfo;
        }
    
        public WeChatUserInfo getWeChatUserInfo(String accessToken, String openId) { 
            Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
            map.put("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken);
            map.put("OPENID", openId);
            String usrInfoUrl = urlReplace(USER_INFO, map);
            log.info("获取到的用户信息url：{}", usrInfoUrl);
            String useStr = HttpUtils.doGet(usrInfoUrl);
            log.info("获取到的用户信息为：{}", useStr);
            return JSON.parseObject(useStr, WeChatUserInfo.class);
        }
    
        public String getWebAccessToken(String appId, String secret, String code) { 
            Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
            map.put(APP_ID, appId);
            map.put(APP_SECRET, secret);
            map.put(CODE, code);
            String url = urlReplace(ACCESS_TOKEN_CODE, map);
            log.info("获取网页token的URL：{}", url);
            String res = HttpUtils.doGet(url);
            log.info("获取网页token的返回：{}", res);
            WebToken token = JSON.parseObject(res, WebToken.class);
            return token.getOpenId();
        }
    
        public String getAccessToken(String appId, String secret) { 
            Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
            map.put(APP_ID, appId);
            map.put(APP_SECRET, secret);
            String url = urlReplace(ACCESS_TOKEN, map);
            String res = HttpUtils.doGet(url);
            log.info("获取token返回:{}", res);
            AccessToken token = JSON.parseObject(res, AccessToken.class);
            return token.getAccessToken();
        }
    
        /** * 将URL中的模板参数用实际值替换 * * @param url url * @param parms 参数 * @return 替换参数后的url */
        public static String urlReplace(String url, Map<String, String> parms) { 
            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(url) && null != parms) { 
                StrSubstitutor strsub = new StrSubstitutor(parms);
                url = strsub.replace(url);
            }
            return url;
        }
    }

日志，因为只是一个测试公众号，没有绑定微信开放平台，所以最后一行日志大的unionid=null

2018-10-16 10:23:04.467 INFO  [http-nio-8080-exec-2]com.tsing.wechat.controller.WxUserInfoController.getWebAccessToken:71 -获取网页token的URL：https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=wx5087e91fe1430b1d&secret=b6428efc6c87d5b8cd29bc757407d8e6&code=07113uKn1wh6si0TCtKn1YpsKn113uK7&grant_type=authorization_code
    2018-10-16 10:23:04.669 INFO  [http-nio-8080-exec-2]com.tsing.wechat.controller.WxUserInfoController.getWebAccessToken:73 -获取网页token的返回：{"access_token":"14_wDfP5QFeN-R8fhq8WgZRuapJGnQSz5lQrI4cOqc6CDAuqJvaeO-FBKJV6f2b6EEUVy-a3TNTBgBDky00M6okPA","expires_in":7200,"refresh_token":"14_mQTvjt1tglGSN82bqxa2XKqRmqdI0slBKGzLkOUlpzR-rPOIwrzMT3HWbgFp3US1zoafY5dF_I4O-yG2spvGgQ","openid":"o-7aj0hBDfVEzsK2P_F9U-IwosZ4","scope":"snsapi_userinfo"}
    2018-10-16 10:23:04.670 DEBUG [http-nio-8080-exec-2]com.tsing.wechat.controller.WxUserInfoController.getUserInfo:47 -根据code=07113uKn1wh6si0TCtKn1YpsKn113uK7获取openId值为:o-7aj0hBDfVEzsK2P_F9U-IwosZ4
    2018-10-16 10:23:04.854 INFO  [http-nio-8080-exec-2]com.tsing.wechat.controller.WxUserInfoController.getAccessToken:84 -获取token返回:{"access_token":"14_xEbh6Hq5U0MXjAmlEUY88dcm5BrRB7lPnLgcgiIzZE9zkOsUsry1Ms57hKJGIqmXKwakgn10V4MqtGx_zCVrHW3HRpjCQiY6zji2itWpgvN3kNBS1NAJAUK5jNjpHTrLuOisDIIH24L5yZbHNITdAGAXSD","expires_in":7200}
    2018-10-16 10:23:04.854 INFO  [http-nio-8080-exec-2]com.tsing.wechat.controller.WxUserInfoController.getWeChatUserInfo:59 -获取到的用户信息url：https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info?access_token=14_xEbh6Hq5U0MXjAmlEUY88dcm5BrRB7lPnLgcgiIzZE9zkOsUsry1Ms57hKJGIqmXKwakgn10V4MqtGx_zCVrHW3HRpjCQiY6zji2itWpgvN3kNBS1NAJAUK5jNjpHTrLuOisDIIH24L5yZbHNITdAGAXSD&openid=o-7aj0hBDfVEzsK2P_F9U-IwosZ4&lang=zh_CN
    2018-10-16 10:23:05.017 INFO  [http-nio-8080-exec-2]com.tsing.wechat.controller.WxUserInfoController.getWeChatUserInfo:61 -获取到的用户信息为：{"subscribe":1,"openid":"o-7aj0hBDfVEzsK2P_F9U-IwosZ4","nickname":"_captain","sex":1,"language":"zh_CN","city":"杭州","province":"浙江","country":"中国","headimgurl":"http:\/\/thirdwx.qlogo.cn\/mmopen\/9RibwCfvUfQNnmNiarD2S8A8YNHC4IGOLgzSBRMaeyDSG0JBpmHXZLNOxqJypjnib8vFkDUCbn5IicLvL4ibDps5LvzAEZs5FjQiaib\/132","subscribe_time":1539600947,"remark":"","groupid":0,"tagid_list":[],"subscribe_scene":"ADD_SCENE_QR_CODE","qr_scene":0,"qr_scene_str":""}
    2018-10-16 10:23:05.038 INFO  [http-nio-8080-exec-2]com.tsing.wechat.controller.WxUserInfoController.getUserInfo:50 -用户信息：WeChatUserInfo(openid=o-7aj0hBDfVEzsK2P_F9U-IwosZ4, subscribe=1, subscribeTime=null, nickName=_captain, sex=1, country=中国, province=浙江, city=杭州, language=zh_CN, headImgUrl=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/9RibwCfvUfQNnmNiarD2S8A8YNHC4IGOLgzSBRMaeyDSG0JBpmHXZLNOxqJypjnib8vFkDUCbn5IicLvL4ibDps5LvzAEZs5FjQiaib/132, unionid=null)

**不要乱用我的appId和SECRET**

[open.weixin.qq.com]: http://open.weixin.qq.com
[https_open.weixin.qq.com_connect_oauth2_authorize_appid_APPID_redirect_uri_REDIRECT_URI_response_type_code_scope_SCOPE_state_STATE_wechat_redirect]: https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid=APPID&redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URI&response_type=code&scope=SCOPE&state=STATE#wechat_redirect
[https_60cc9d13.ngrok.io_wx_api_userInfo]: https://60cc9d13.ngrok.io/wx/api/userInfo
[2f60cc9d13.ngrok.io]: http://2f60cc9d13.ngrok.io
[https_open.weixin.qq.com_connect_oauth2_authorize_appid_wx9614d94b5cb85921_redirect_uri_http_3A_2F_2F60cc9d13.ngrok.io_2Fwx_2Fapi_2FuserInfo_response_type_code_scope_snsapi_userinfo_state_wechat_redirect]: https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid=wx9614d94b5cb85921&redirect_uri=http%3a%2f%2f60cc9d13.ngrok.io%2fwx%2fapi%2fuserInfo&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo&state=#wechat_redirect