CentOS7上静默（silent）模式安装Oracle12C Release 2 (12.2)

﹏ヽ暗。殇╰゛Y 2022-05-11 05:44 222阅读 0赞

# CentOS7上静默（silent）模式安装Oracle12C Release 2 (12.2) #

*  参考：[http://dbaora.com/install-oracle-in-silent-mode-12c-release-2-12-2-on-oel7/][http_dbaora.com_install-oracle-in-silent-mode-12c-release-2-12-2-on-oel7]

## 安装依赖 ##

*  虚拟机环境：[http://dbaora.com/install-oracle-linux-7/][http_dbaora.com_install-oracle-linux-7]
 *  oracle下载：[http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html][http_www.oracle.com_technetwork_database_enterprise-edition_downloads_index.html]
 *  安装包：linuxamd64\_12201\_database.zip

## 系统设置 ##

*  关闭防火墙，禁用selinux，使用root用户配置os信息

# cat /etc/hosts
    eg: <IP-address>  <fully-qualified-machine-name>  <machine-name>
    
    eg: x.x.x.x yb-oracle yb-oracle.example.com

*  设置主机名

hostnamectl set-hostname yb-oracle.example.com --static

*  添加组

#groups for database management
    groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
    groupadd -g 54322 dba
    groupadd -g 54323 oper
    groupadd -g 54324 backupdba
    groupadd -g 54325 dgdba
    groupadd -g 54326 kmdba
    groupadd -g 54327 asmdba
    groupadd -g 54328 asmoper
    groupadd -g 54329 asmadmin
    groupadd -g 54330 racdba

*  添加oracl用户

useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba oracle
    # 更改oracle密码
    passwd oracle

## 安装依赖包 ##

*  检查没有安装的依赖包

rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE}(%{ARCH})\n' binutils \
    compat-libcap1 \
    compat-libstdc++-33 \
    glibc \
    glibc-devel \
    ksh \
    libaio \
    libaio-devel \
    libX11 \
    libXau \
    libXi \
    libXtst \
    libgcc \
    libstdc++ \
    libstdc++-devel \
    libxcb \
    make \
    nfs-utils \
    smartmontools \
    net-tools \
    sysstat

> 直接用yum安装没有安装的软件包

yum install libaio-devel*.x86_64
    yum install ksh*.x86_64

*  更改内核参数/etc/sysctl.conf

fs.file-max = 6815744
    kernel.sem = 500 64000 200 256 # 注意这个参数
    kernel.shmmni = 4096
    kernel.shmall = 1073741824
    kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
    net.core.rmem_default = 262144
    net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
    net.core.wmem_default = 262144
    net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
    fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
    kernel.panic_on_oops=1

*  应用内核参数

/sbin/sysctl -p

*  在文件/etc/security/ limit.conf中为用户oracle设置shell限制

# shell limits for users oracle 12gR2
    
    oracle   soft   nofile   1024
    oracle   hard   nofile   65536
    oracle   soft   nproc    2048
    oracle   hard   nproc    16384
    oracle   soft   stack    10240
    oracle   hard   stack    32768
    oracle   soft   memlock  3145728
    oracle   hard   memlock  3145728

## 配置oracle用户的环境变量 ##

*  在oracle用户下添加下面内容到.bash\_profile里

# Oracle Settings
    export TMP=/tmp
    
    export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oel7.dbaora.com
    export ORACLE_UNQNAME=ORA12C
    export ORACLE_BASE=/ora01/app/oracle
    export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/db_1
    export ORACLE_SID=ORA12C
    
    PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
    
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;
    export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;
    
    alias cdob='cd $ORACLE_BASE'
    alias cdoh='cd $ORACLE_HOME'
    alias tns='cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin'
    alias envo='env | grep ORACLE'
    
    umask 022
    
    if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
           ulimit -u 16384 
           ulimit -n 65536
        else
           ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
        fi
    fi
    
    envo

*  在root用户下创建目录结构

# ORACLE_BASE – /ora01/app/oracle
    # ORACLE_HOME – /ora01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1
    
    mkdir -p /ora01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1
    chown oracle:oinstall -R /ora01

> 备注：在Oracle Enterprise Linux 7 /tmp数据存储在tmpfs上，它消耗内存，而且太小。使用`systemctl mask tmp.mount`将其恢复为存储，笔者的tmp单独挂载出来的，此步骤没有操作

*  准备安装数据库

# su - oracle
    
    unzip linuxamd64_12201_database.zip -d /ora01
    
    # 定义oracle用户的环境变量，并查看
    alias envo cdob cdoh tns
    alias envo='env | grep ORACLE'
    alias cdob='cd $ORACLE_BASE'
    alias cdoh='cd $ORACLE_HOME'
    alias tns='cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin'
    
    eg：
    [oracle@yb-oracle ~]$ envo
    ORACLE_UNQNAME=ORA12C
    ORACLE_SID=ORA12C
    ORACLE_BASE=/ora01/app/oracle
    ORACLE_HOSTNAME=yb-oracle.paic.com.cn
    ORACLE_BIN=/ora01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/bin # 后面追加的
    ORACLE_HOME=/ora01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1
    
    -- 执行别名 cdob & cdoh
    [oracle@yb-oracle ~]$ cdob
    [oracle@yb-oracle oracle]$ cdoh
    [oracle@yb-oracle db_1]$ pwd
    /ora01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1

## oracle配置文件更改 ##

> oracle主要配置文件

*  db\_install.rsp: 用于安装oracle二进制文件，以静默模式安装/升级数据库
 *  dbca.rsp: 用于在静默模式下安装/配置/删除数据库
 *  netca.rsp: 用于在静默模式下为oracle数据库配置简单网络

$ cd /ora01/database/response/
    $ ls
    dbca.rsp db_install.rsp  netca.rsp

*  安装oracle

# 编辑db_install.rsp前备份
    cp db_install.rsp /ora01/database/response/db_install.rsp.bak
    
    # eg:
    $ egrep -v "^#|^$" /ora01/database/response/db_install.rsp 
    oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v12.2.0
    oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
    UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
    INVENTORY_LOCATION=/ora01/app/oraInventory
    ORACLE_HOME=/ora01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1
    ORACLE_BASE=/ora01/app/oracle
    oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
    oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
    oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oper
    oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=backupdba
    oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dgdba
    oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=kmdba
    oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=racdba
    oracle.install.db.rac.configurationType=
    oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
    oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=
    oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=
    oracle.install.db.rac.serverpoolName=
    oracle.install.db.rac.serverpoolCardinality=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=
    oracle.install.db.ConfigureAsContainerDB=
    oracle.install.db.config.PDBName=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.PDBADMIN=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.omsHost=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.omsPort=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.emAdminUser=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.emAdminPassword=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableRecovery=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=
    oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=
    oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
    oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
    MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
    MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
    SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
    DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=
    PROXY_HOST=
    PROXY_PORT=
    PROXY_USER=
    PROXY_PWD=
    COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=

*  配置文件更改完成后，执行命令安装如下：

cd /ora01/database
    ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /ora01/database/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq -ignoreSysPrereqs

*  以root用户运行下面两个脚本

/ora01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
    /ora01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/root.sh

*  配置ORACLE\_BIN，验证安装

$ sqlplus / as sysdba
    
    SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Sep 20 14:25:10 2018
    
    Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    Connected to an idle instance.

*  配置网络

> 更改配置文件

cd /ora01/database/response
    cp netca.rsp netca.rsp.bak

*  以标准配置启动LISTENER

netca -silent -responseFile /ora01//database/response/netca.rsp
    
    lsnrctl start

*  检查LISTENER 状态

lsnrctl status

## 配置数据库 ##

*  [最后一个设置是使用一个可插入的数据库PORA12C1创建新的容器数据库ORA12C.dbaora.com][PORA12C1_ORA12C.dbaora.com]，并配置和启用oracle db express

# 创建数据库目录及flash recovery 目录
    mkdir /ora01/app/oracle/oradata
    mkdir /ora01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area

*  备份response文件

cd /ora01/database/response
    cp dbca.rsp dbca.rsp.bak
    
    # eg:
    [oracle@yb-oracle response]$ egrep -v "^#|^$" dbca.rsp
    responseFileVersion=/oracle/assistants/rspfmt_dbca_response_schema_v12.2.0
      bName=ORA12C.dbaora.com
    ▽id=ORA12C
    databaseConfigType=
    RACOneNodeServiceName=
    policyManaged=
    createServerPool=
    serverPoolName=
    cardinality=
    force=
    pqPoolName=
    pqCardinality=
    createAsContainerDatabase=true
    numberOfPDBs=1
    pdbName=PORA12C1
    useLocalUndoForPDBs=
    pdbAdminPassword=Oracle12c
    nodelist=
    templateName=General_Purpose.dbc
    sysPassword=Oracle12c
    systemPassword=Oracle12c
    oracleHomeUserPassword=
    emConfiguration=DBEXPRESS
    emExpressPort=5500
    runCVUChecks=
    dbsnmpPassword=Oracle12c
    omsHost=
    omsPort=
    emUser=
    emPassword=
    dvConfiguration=
    dvUserName=
    dvUserPassword=
    dvAccountManagerName=
    dvAccountManagerPassword=
    olsConfiguration=
    datafileJarLocation=
    datafileDestination=/ora01/app/oracle/oradata
    recoveryAreaDestination=/ora01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
    storageType=FS
    diskGroupName=
    asmsnmpPassword=
    recoveryGroupName=
    characterSet=AL32UTF8
    nationalCharacterSet=AL16UTF16
    registerWithDirService=
    dirServiceUserName=
    dirServicePassword=
    walletPassword=
    listeners=LISTENER
    variablesFile=
    variables=
    initParams=
    sampleSchema=true
    memoryPercentage=
    databaseType=OLTP
    automaticMemoryManagement=FALSE
    totalMemory=4096

*  执行数据库安装

cd /ora01/database/
    dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /ora01/database/response/dbca.rsp
    Copying database files
    1% complete
    13% complete
    25% complete
    Creating and starting Oracle instance
    26% complete
    30% complete
    31% complete
    35% complete
    38% complete
    39% complete
    41% complete
    Completing Database Creation
    42% complete
    43% complete
    44% complete
    46% complete
    47% complete
    50% complete
    Creating Pluggable Databases
    55% complete
    75% complete
    Executing Post Configuration Actions
    100% complete
    Look at the log file "/ora01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORA12C/ORA12C.log" for further details.

*  确认连接

sqlplus / as sysdba
    
    SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Sep 20 11:34:00 2018
    
    Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    
    
    Connected to:
    Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
    
    SQL> show parameter db_name
    
    NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
    ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
    db_name                              string      ORA12C
    SQL> alter session set container=PORA12C1;
    
    Session altered.
    SQL> show con_id
    
    CON_ID
    ------------------------------
    3
    SQL> show con_name
    
    CON_NAME
    ------------------------------
    PORA12C1
    SQL> select DBMS_XDB_CONFIG.GETHTTPSPORT 
      2  from dual;
    
    GETHTTPSPORT
    ------------
               0
    
    SQL> exit
    Disconnected from Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

*  编辑“/etc/oratab”文件，将ORA12C的重启标志设置为“Y”

ORA12C:/ora01/app/oracle/product/12..0/db_1:Y

> 到此，oracle安装已经全部完成

## 安装oracle报错 ##

[oracle@yb-oracle response]$ dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /ora01/database/response/dbca.rsp
    [FATAL] [DBT-11211] The Automatic Memory Management option is not allowed when the total physical memory is greater than 4GB.
       CAUSE: The current total physical memory is 15GB.
    
    解决： automaticMemoryManagement=FALSE
    
    
    > [FATAL] [DBT-06103] The port (5,500) is already in use.
       ACTION: Specify a free port.
    
    解决：hosts解析问题，eg：oracleip yb-oracle yb-oracle.example.com

[http_dbaora.com_install-oracle-in-silent-mode-12c-release-2-12-2-on-oel7]: http://dbaora.com/install-oracle-in-silent-mode-12c-release-2-12-2-on-oel7/
[http_dbaora.com_install-oracle-linux-7]: http://dbaora.com/install-oracle-linux-7/
[http_www.oracle.com_technetwork_database_enterprise-edition_downloads_index.html]: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html
[PORA12C1_ORA12C.dbaora.com]: http://xn--PORA12C1ORA12C-466va72eb195d11kpzd5unhua656bem6a9qpla59zj05cna891atrtoa78sp4g4qji90m81koa0732glr7e.dbaora.com