【kubernetes/k8s概念】flannel源码分析

水深无声 2022-05-11 05:08 349阅读 0赞

[https://github.com/coreos/flannel][https_github.com_coreos_flannel]

源码编译：make dist/flanneld-amd64

Flannel支持多种Backend协议，官方推荐使用以下Backend：

*  VXLAN，性能损耗大概在20~30%
 *  host-gw, 性能损耗大概10%，要求Host之间二层直连，因此只适用于小集群

# Flannel的工作原理 #

Flannel实质上是一种“覆盖网络(overlay network)”，也就是将TCP数据包装在另一种网络包里面进行路由转发和通信，目前已经支持UDP、VxLAN、AWS VPC和GCE路由等数据转发方式。 默认的节点间数据通信方式是UDP转发，

![aHR0cHM6Ly91cGxvYWQtaW1hZ2VzLmppYW5zaHUuaW8vdXBsb2FkX2ltYWdlcy81MDA2OTA3LTM0ZTZkMzZkMTcyYTQwMmIucG5nP2ltYWdlTW9ncjIvYXV0by1vcmllbnQvc3RyaXAlN0NpbWFnZVZpZXcyLzIvdy8xMDAwL2Zvcm1hdC93ZWJw][]

*  数据从源容器中发出后，经由所在主机的Docker0虚拟网卡转发到flannel0虚拟网卡，这是个P2P的虚拟网卡，flanneld服务监听在网卡的另外一端。 
 *  Flannel通过Etcd服务维护了一张节点间的路由
 *  源主机的flanneld服务将原本的数据内容UDP封装后根据自己的路由表投递给目的节点的flanneld服务，数据到达以后被解包，然后直 接进入目的节点的flannel0虚拟网卡，然后被转发到目的主机的Docker0虚拟网卡，最后就像本机容器通信一下的有Docker0路由到达目标容 器。

flannel支持常用的是UPD，直接封装到udp，这种网络模式损耗非常大50%左右，封装vxlan也有30%左右的损耗

host-gw通过路由的方式，类似于calico不使用BGP。这种网络损耗最少。4.2内核加入的ipvlan性能应该是最好的，本质是网卡多个IP。

# **1、main函数** #

##  （1.1） ##

*     找到使用哪个interface，参数iface明确指定，参数iface-regex模糊匹配
 *     如果没有指定则使用默认的，调用GetDefaultGatewayIface()函数，如果Destination为0.0.0.0/0，则使用改网卡
 *     如果指定或者模糊匹配网卡，则取出IP地址

// Work out which interface to use
    	var extIface *backend.ExternalInterface
    	var err error
    	// Check the default interface only if no interfaces are specified
    	if len(opts.iface) == 0 && len(opts.ifaceRegex) == 0 {
    		extIface, err = LookupExtIface("", "")
    		if err != nil {
    			log.Error("Failed to find any valid interface to use: ", err)
    			os.Exit(1)
    		}
    	} else {
    		// Check explicitly specified interfaces
    		for _, iface := range opts.iface {
    			extIface, err = LookupExtIface(iface, "")
    			if err != nil {
    				log.Infof("Could not find valid interface matching %s: %s", iface, err)
    			}
    
    			if extIface != nil {
    				break
    			}
    		}
    
    		// Check interfaces that match any specified regexes
    		if extIface == nil {
    			for _, ifaceRegex := range opts.ifaceRegex {
    				extIface, err = LookupExtIface("", ifaceRegex)
    				if err != nil {
    					log.Infof("Could not find valid interface matching %s: %s", ifaceRegex, err)
    				}
    
    				if extIface != nil {
    					break
    				}
    			}
    		}
    
    	}

##  （1.2）newSubnetManager函数 ##

*     newSubnetManager函数创建子网管理，如没设置kubernetes子网管理，则使用etcd管理子网

sm, err := newSubnetManager()
    	if err != nil {
    		log.Error("Failed to create SubnetManager: ", err)
    		os.Exit(1)
    	}
    	log.Infof("Created subnet manager: %s", sm.Name())

##  （1.3） ##

*     使用信号量

// Register for SIGINT and SIGTERM
    	log.Info("Installing signal handlers")
    	sigs := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
    	signal.Notify(sigs, os.Interrupt, syscall.SIGTERM)

##  （1.4）getConfig函数 ##

*     getConfig函数获取网络配置，使用etcd管理子网，最终调用etcd接口读取配置

func getConfig(ctx context.Context, sm subnet.Manager) (*subnet.Config, error) {
    	// Retry every second until it succeeds
    	for {
    		config, err := sm.GetNetworkConfig(ctx)
    		if err != nil {
    			log.Errorf("Couldn't fetch network config: %s", err)
    		} else if config == nil {
    			log.Warningf("Couldn't find network config: %s", err)
    		} else {
    			log.Infof("Found network config - Backend type: %s", config.BackendType)
    			return config, nil
    		}
    		select {
    		case <-ctx.Done():
    			return nil, errCanceled
    		case <-time.After(1 * time.Second):
    			fmt.Println("timed out")
    		}
    	}
    }

##  （1.5） ##

*     创建后端管理，以及注册网络
 *     每一個後端都調用init函數註冊到var constructors = make(map\[string\]BackendCtor)這個map中，則使用host-gw爲例

// Create a backend manager then use it to create the backend and register the network with it.
    	bm := backend.NewManager(ctx, sm, extIface)
    	be, err := bm.GetBackend(config.BackendType)
    	if err != nil {
    		log.Errorf("Error fetching backend: %s", err)
    		cancel()
    		wg.Wait()
    		os.Exit(1)
    	}
    
    	bn, err := be.RegisterNetwork(ctx, wg, config)
    	if err != nil {
    		log.Errorf("Error registering network: %s", err)
    		cancel()
    		wg.Wait()
    		os.Exit(1)
    	}

##  （1.6） RegisterNetwork函數 ##

*     RegisterNetwork設置路由
 *     AcquireLease函數，調用etcd讀取subnet路徑，就是租用一個子網

func (be *HostgwBackend) RegisterNetwork(ctx context.Context, wg sync.WaitGroup, config *subnet.Config) (backend.Network, error) {
    	n := &backend.RouteNetwork{
    		SimpleNetwork: backend.SimpleNetwork{
    			ExtIface: be.extIface,
    		},
    		SM:          be.sm,
    		BackendType: "host-gw",
    		Mtu:         be.extIface.Iface.MTU,
    		LinkIndex:   be.extIface.Iface.Index,
    	}
    	n.GetRoute = func(lease *subnet.Lease) *netlink.Route {
    		return &netlink.Route{
    			Dst:       lease.Subnet.ToIPNet(),
    			Gw:        lease.Attrs.PublicIP.ToIP(),
    			LinkIndex: n.LinkIndex,
    		}
    	}
    
    	attrs := subnet.LeaseAttrs{
    		PublicIP:    ip.FromIP(be.extIface.ExtAddr),
    		BackendType: "host-gw",
    	}
    
    	l, err := be.sm.AcquireLease(ctx, &attrs)
    	switch err {
    	case nil:
    		n.SubnetLease = l
    
    	case context.Canceled, context.DeadlineExceeded:
    		return nil, err
    
    	default:
    		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to acquire lease: %v", err)
    	}
    
    	return n, nil
    }

##  （1.7）     ##

*    建立iptables规则

// Set up ipMasq if needed
    	if opts.ipMasq {
    		if err = recycleIPTables(config.Network, bn.Lease()); err != nil {
    			log.Errorf("Failed to recycle IPTables rules, %v", err)
    			cancel()
    			wg.Wait()
    			os.Exit(1)
    		}
    		go network.SetupAndEnsureIPTables(network.MasqRules(config.Network, bn.Lease()), opts.iptablesResyncSeconds)
    	}

##  （1.8）   WriteSubnetFile函数 ##

*    将FLANNEL\_NETWORK FLANNEL\_SUBNET FLANNEL\_MTU FLANNEL\_IPMASQ写入文件

if err := WriteSubnetFile(opts.subnetFile, config.Network, opts.ipMasq, bn); err != nil {
    		// Continue, even though it failed.
    		log.Warningf("Failed to write subnet file: %s", err)
    	} else {
    		log.Infof("Wrote subnet file to %s", opts.subnetFile)
    	}

##  （1.9）   Run函数 ##

*    Run函数第2章节讲解

log.Info("Running backend.")
    	wg.Add(1)
    	go func() {
    		bn.Run(ctx)
    		wg.Done()
    	}()

# **2、Run函数** #

##   根据host-gw模式，则调用到route\_network.go中 ##

func (n *RouteNetwork) Run(ctx context.Context) {
    	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
    
    	log.Info("Watching for new subnet leases")
    	evts := make(chan []subnet.Event)
    	wg.Add(1)
    	go func() {
    		subnet.WatchLeases(ctx, n.SM, n.SubnetLease, evts)
    		wg.Done()
    	}()
    
    	n.routes = make([]netlink.Route, 0, 10)
    	wg.Add(1)
    	go func() {
    		n.routeCheck(ctx)
    		wg.Done()
    	}()
    
    	defer wg.Wait()
    
    	for {
    		select {
    		case evtBatch := <-evts:
    			n.handleSubnetEvents(evtBatch)
    
    		case <-ctx.Done():
    			return
    		}
    	}
    }

## （2.1） WatchLeases函数 ##

*     WatchLeases函数最终调用etcd，放入evts channel事件里

func WatchLeases(ctx context.Context, sm Manager, ownLease *Lease, receiver chan []Event) {
    	lw := &leaseWatcher{
    		ownLease: ownLease,
    	}
    	var cursor interface{}
    
    	for {
    		res, err := sm.WatchLeases(ctx, cursor)
    		if err != nil {
    			if err == context.Canceled || err == context.DeadlineExceeded {
    				return
    			}
    
    			log.Errorf("Watch subnets: %v", err)
    			time.Sleep(time.Second)
    			continue
    		}
    
    		cursor = res.Cursor
    
    		var batch []Event
    
    		if len(res.Events) > 0 {
    			batch = lw.update(res.Events)
    		} else {
    			batch = lw.reset(res.Snapshot)
    		}
    
    		if len(batch) > 0 {
    			receiver <- batch
    		}
    	}
    }

## （2.2） handleSubnetEvents函数 ##

讲解EventAdded这种类型，代码比较长，分节讲解

### （2.2.1） netlink.RouteListFiltered函数 ###

*         主要是整一个待添加的路由列表

n.addToRouteList(*route)
    			// Check if route exists before attempting to add it
    			routeList, err := netlink.RouteListFiltered(netlink.FAMILY_V4, &netlink.Route{Dst: route.Dst}, netlink.RT_FILTER_DST)
    			if err != nil {
    				log.Warningf("Unable to list routes: %v", err)
    			}

### （2.2.2）  ###

*      如果目的地址一样但网关不一样，删了以便下面代码可以重建

if len(routeList) > 0 && !routeEqual(routeList[0], *route) {
    				// Same Dst different Gw or different link index. Remove it, correct route will be added below.
    				log.Warningf("Replacing existing route to %v via %v dev index %d with %v via %v dev index %d.", evt.Lease.Subnet, routeList[0].Gw, routeList[0].LinkIndex, evt.Lease.Subnet, evt.Lease.Attrs.PublicIP, route.LinkIndex)
    				if err := netlink.RouteDel(&routeList[0]); err != nil {
    					log.Errorf("Error deleting route to %v: %v", evt.Lease.Subnet, err)
    					continue
    				}
    				n.removeFromRouteList(routeList[0])
    			}

### （2.2.3）  ###

*      如果已经有记录则不做操作 
 *      如果没有这条路由则通过RouteAdd添加到本地路由表中

if len(routeList) > 0 && routeEqual(routeList[0], *route) {
    				// Same Dst and same Gw, keep it and do not attempt to add it.
    				log.Infof("Route to %v via %v dev index %d already exists, skipping.", evt.Lease.Subnet, evt.Lease.Attrs.PublicIP, routeList[0].LinkIndex)
    			} else if err := netlink.RouteAdd(route); err != nil {
    				log.Errorf("Error adding route to %v via %v dev index %d: %v", evt.Lease.Subnet, evt.Lease.Attrs.PublicIP, route.LinkIndex, err)
    				continue
    			}

[https_github.com_coreos_flannel]: https://github.com/coreos/flannel
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