spring事件ApplicationEvent/ApplicationListener/@EventListener注解

超、凢脫俗 2022-05-10 04:44 248阅读 0赞

spring自带事件功能，继承自jdk中的事件，事件其实是用的观察者设计模式，spring容器在启动时，把所有的lisenter存起来，当发布事件时，再循环lisenter集合，然后调用。

写一个事件发布者，MyEvent是我自己定的一个实体类，代表事件的主体，注入ApplicationContext，ApplicationContext继承了ApplicationEventPublisher，真正的实现在org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext这个类中。

@Component
    public class MyPublisher{
    
        @Autowired
        private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
    
        /**
         * 自己定义的发布事件 用ApplicationContext发布
         * @param myEvent
         */
        public void publisMess(MyEvent myEvent){
            applicationContext.publishEvent(myEvent);
        }
    }

源码中有两个方法，spring4.2以后，发布事件可以不用继承ApplicationEvent，可以用任意类型当事件

public void publishEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
            this.publishEvent(event, (ResolvableType)null);
        }
    
        public void publishEvent(Object event) {
            this.publishEvent(event, (ResolvableType)null);
        }

我的事件实体继承了ApplicationEvent，重写了构造方法，把我自己定义的EventBody实体传了进去

/**
     * spring事件要继承ApplicationEvent，它继承的jdk的事件EventObject
     */
    public class MyEvent extends ApplicationEvent {
        private EventBody eventBody;
    
        public EventBody getEventBody() {
            return eventBody;
        }
    
        public void setEventBody(EventBody eventBody) {
            this.eventBody = eventBody;
        }
    
        /**
         * Create a new ApplicationEvent.
         *
         * @param source the object on which the event initially occurred (never {@code null})
         */
        public MyEvent(EventBody source) {
            super(source);
            this.eventBody = source;
        }
    }

public class EventBody {
        private String name;
        private String message;
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public String getMessage() {
            return message;
        }
    
        public void setMessage(String message) {
            this.message = message;
        }
    
        public EventBody() {
        }
    
        public EventBody(String name, String message) {
            this.name = name;
            this.message = message;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "EventBody{" +
                    "name='" + name + '\'' +
                    ", message='" + message + '\'' +
                    '}';
        }
    }

接收事件有两种方法

1.传统方法继承ApplicationListener<E extends ApplicationEvent> 这个类。

@Component
 public class EvenLisenterConfig implements ApplicationListener<MyEvent> {
 
 @Override
 public void onApplicationEvent(MyEvent myEvent) {
 System.out.println("接收到事件了1");
 }
 }

2.用EventListener注解，如果不需要参数，事件也可以不用放在方法参数中，在@EventListener中指定类型也可以。

@Component
    public class AnnoEventLisenterConfig {
    
        @EventListener(MyEvent.class)
        public void myEventLisenter2(){
            System.out.println("接收到事件了2");
        }
    
        @Async
        @EventListener
        public void myEventLisenter3(MyEvent myEvent){
            System.out.println(myEvent.getEventBody().toString());
        }
    }

@Async是做了异步。

方法中也可以加入返回参数，如果有返回参数，返回参数也会当事件发布出去。

EventListener源码如下，还可以用SpEL表达式

@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
 @Documented
 public @interface EventListener {
 
 	/**
 	 * Alias for {@link #classes}.
 	 */
 	@AliasFor("classes")
 	Class<?>[] value() default {};
 
 	/**
 	 * The event classes that this listener handles.
 	 * If this attribute is specified with a single value, the
 	 * annotated method may optionally accept a single parameter.
 	 * However, if this attribute is specified with multiple values,
 	 * the annotated method must not declare any parameters.
 	 */
 	@AliasFor("value")
 	Class<?>[] classes() default {};
 
 	/**
 	 * Spring Expression Language (SpEL) attribute used for making the
 	 * event handling conditional.
 	 * Default is {@code ""}, meaning the event is always handled.
 	 * The SpEL expression evaluates against a dedicated context that
 	 * provides the following meta-data:
 	 * <ul>
 	 * <li>{@code #root.event}, {@code #root.args} for
 	 * references to the {@link ApplicationEvent} and method arguments
 	 * respectively.</li>
 	 * <li>Method arguments can be accessed by index. For instance the
 	 * first argument can be accessed via {@code #root.args[0]}, {@code #p0}
 	 * or {@code #a0}. Arguments can also be accessed by name if that
 	 * information is available.</li>
 	 * </ul>
 	 */
 	String condition() default "";
 
 }

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