为Kubernetes dashboard访问用户添加权限控制

拼搏现实的明天。 2022-05-09 16:40 488阅读 0赞

# 为Kubernetes dashboard访问用户添加权限控制 #

### 文章目录 ###

*  为Kubernetes dashboard访问用户添加权限控制
 *   *  1. 需求
     *  2. 方案
     *  3. 实现
     *   *  3.1 分配dashboard权限
         *  3.2 分配kubeapps权限
         *  3.3 生成kubeconfig
     *  4. 测试验证

## 1. 需求 ##

在开发环境给开发人员创建应用部署管理权限，可以使用dashboard的token和kubeconfig文件登录，并在开发人员机器上安装`kubectl`命令，可以使用`kubectl port-forward`命令。

## 2. 方案 ##

因为我们用到了dashboard和kubeapps，所以他们的rbac权限都要分配。  
创建namespace：`dev`  
创建ServiceAccount：`dev-user1`  
给相应权限，并绑定ServiceAccount。

## 3. 实现 ##

### 3.1 分配dashboard权限 ###

`kubectl apply -f dev-user1.yaml`

---
    # ServiceAccount
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ServiceAccount
    metadata:
      name: dev-user1
      namespace: dev
    
    ---
    # role
    kind: Role
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    metadata:
      namespace: dev
      name: role-dev-user1
    rules:
    - apiGroups: [""]
      resources: ["pods"]
      verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "delete", "update", "patch"]
    - apiGroups: [""]
      resources: ["pods/portforward", "pods/proxy"]
      verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch", "delete"]
    - apiGroups: [""]
      resources: ["pods/log"]
      verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "delete"]
    - apiGroups: ["extensions", "apps"]
      resources: ["deployments"]
      verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch", "delete"]
    - apiGroups: [""]
      resources: ["namespaces"]
      verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
    - apiGroups: [""]
      resources: ["events"]
      verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
    - apiGroups: ["apps", "extensions"]
      resources: ["replicasets"]
      verbs: ["get", "watch", "list", "create", "update", "pathch", "delete"]
    - apiGroups: [""]
      resources: ["configmaps"]
      verbs: ["get", "watch", "list", "create", "update", "pathch", "delete"]
    - apiGroups: [""]
      resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims"]
      verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
    - apiGroups: [""]
      resources: ["secrets"]
      verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
    - apiGroups: [""]
      resources: ["services"]
      verbs: ["get", "watch", "list", "create", "update", "pathch", "delete"]
    - apiGroups: ["extensions"]
      resources: ["ingresses"]
      verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
    - apiGroups: ["apps"]
      resources: ["daemonsets"]
      verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
    - apiGroups: ["batch"]
      resources: ["jobs"]
      verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
    - apiGroups: ["batch"]
      resources: ["cronjobs"]
      verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
    - apiGroups: [""]
      resources: ["replicationcontrollers"]
      verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
    - apiGroups: ["apps"]
      resources: ["statefulsets"]
      verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
    - apiGroups: [""]
      resources: ["endpoints"]
      verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
    
    ---
    # role bind
    kind: RoleBinding
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    metadata:
      name: role-bind-dev-user1
      namespace: dev
    subjects:
    - kind: ServiceAccount
      name: dev-user1
      namespace: dev
    roleRef:
      kind: Role
      name: role-dev-user1
      apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    
    #---
    ## clusterrole
    #kind: ClusterRole
    #apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    #metadata:
    # namespace: dev
    # name: clusterrole-dev-user1
    #rules:
    #- apiGroups: [""]
    # resources: ["namespaces"]
    # verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
    #
    #---
    ## clusterrole bind
    #kind: ClusterRoleBinding
    #apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    #metadata:
    # name: clusterrole-bind-dev-user1
    # namespace: dev
    #subjects:
    #- kind: ServiceAccount
    # name: dev-user1
    # namespace: dev
    #roleRef:
    # kind: ClusterRole
    # name: clusterrole-dev-user1
    # apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

### 3.2 分配kubeapps权限 ###

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubeapps/kubeapps/master/docs/user/manifests/kubeapps-applications-read.yaml
    kubectl create -n dev rolebinding dev-user1-view \
      --clusterrole=kubeapps-applications-read \
      --serviceaccount dev:dev-user1

export KUBEAPPS_NAMESPACE=kubeapps
    kubectl apply -n $KUBEAPPS_NAMESPACE -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubeapps/kubeapps/master/docs/user/manifests/kubeapps-repositories-read.yaml
    kubectl create -n dev rolebinding dev-user1-edit \
      --clusterrole=edit \
      --serviceaccount dev:dev-user1
    kubectl create -n $KUBEAPPS_NAMESPACE rolebinding dev1-user1-kubeapps-repositories-read \
      --role=kubeapps-repositories-read \
      --serviceaccount dev:dev-user1

token获取：

kubectl get -n dev secret $(kubectl get -n dev serviceaccount dev-user1 -o jsonpath='{.secrets[].name}') -o jsonpath='{.data.token}' | base64 --decode

### 3.3 生成kubeconfig ###

通过token方式访问kube-apiserver

# 创建 kubectl config 文件
    # 设置集群参数
    kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
      --insecure-skip-tls-verify=true \
      --server="https://192.168.105.99:8443"
    # 设置客户端认证参数
    kubectl config set-credentials dev-user1 \
      --token='上文中获取到的token' 
    # 设置上下文参数
    kubectl config set-context kubernetes \
      --cluster=kubernetes \
      --user=dev-user1  \
      --namespace=dev 
    # 设置默认上下文
    kubectl config use-context kubernetes

> 注意  
> 配置kubeconfig时指定路径，以免覆盖已有配置，`--kubeconfig=configpath`

也可以直接创建文件config，修改内容即可。

apiVersion: v1
    clusters:
    - cluster:
        insecure-skip-tls-verify: true
        server: https://192.168.105.99:8443
      name: kubernetes
    contexts:
    - context:
        cluster: kubernetes
        namespace: dev
        user: dev-user1
      name: kubernetes
    current-context: kubernetes
    kind: Config
    preferences: { }
    users:
    - name: dev-user1
      user:
        token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJkZXYiLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlY3JldC5uYW1lIjoiZGV2LXVzZXIxLXRva2VuLTJsbDlnIiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZX291bnQubmFtZSI6ImRldi11c2VyMSIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50LnVpZCI6IjdiY2Q4N2E1LWM0NGEtMTFlOC1iY2I5LTAwMGMyOWVhM2UzMCIsInN1YiI6InN5c3RlbTpzZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudDpkZXY6ZGV2LXVzZXIxIn0.1M84CPHY-GoyeaRFyBcD49GTwG5o0HMhN8lVsH9GDiqdui-1ppyi3JMONRJ9aWdswEF7-wsb5d4MQEk-9z5yiVh2r8SMP0EhcUR5ierntzD1bwwwuYzDxE4vHAuPB1tTxM0fOL3H-BOjt68iBKmOtRJumx8LzSUleQiNBBqR1B_yRLqrO6yslw44WC432O5g1v

## 4. 测试验证 ##

**windows `kubectl`命令安装**

命令下载：  
[https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.12.0/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl.exe][https_storage.googleapis.com_kubernetes-release_release_v1.12.0_bin_windows_amd64_kubectl.exe]

然后将其放至系统PATH目录下，比如`c:\Windows`  
命令使用时，可使用cmd、powershell或者其它命令提示行工具。推荐使用**Git Bash**，因为安装过Git，则安装了此工具。

**kubeconfig文件**  
kubeconfig文件，即上文件中生成的config文件。  
文件名为`config`，文件放到 /.kube/下（为用户家目录），因为kubectl命令默认读取此文件，否则每次使用kubectl命令，需要用参数`--kubeconfig=configpath`指定。

kubectl get pod -n dev
    kubectl port-forward svc/dev-mysql-mysqlha 3306:3306 -n dev

参考资料：  
\[1\] [https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/rbac/][https_kubernetes.io_docs_reference_access-authn-authz_rbac]  
\[2\] [https://blog.qikqiak.com/post/add-authorization-for-kubernetes-dashboard/][https_blog.qikqiak.com_post_add-authorization-for-kubernetes-dashboard]  
\[3\] [https://github.com/kubeapps/kubeapps/blob/master/docs/user/access-control.md][https_github.com_kubeapps_kubeapps_blob_master_docs_user_access-control.md]  
\[4\] [https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands\#config][https_kubernetes.io_docs_reference_generated_kubectl_kubectl-commands_config]  
\[5\] [https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/\#configure-kubectl][https_kubernetes.io_docs_tasks_tools_install-kubectl_configure-kubectl]

[https_storage.googleapis.com_kubernetes-release_release_v1.12.0_bin_windows_amd64_kubectl.exe]: https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.12.0/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl.exe
[https_kubernetes.io_docs_reference_access-authn-authz_rbac]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/rbac/
[https_blog.qikqiak.com_post_add-authorization-for-kubernetes-dashboard]: https://blog.qikqiak.com/post/add-authorization-for-kubernetes-dashboard/
[https_github.com_kubeapps_kubeapps_blob_master_docs_user_access-control.md]: https://github.com/kubeapps/kubeapps/blob/master/docs/user/access-control.md
[https_kubernetes.io_docs_reference_generated_kubectl_kubectl-commands_config]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands#config
[https_kubernetes.io_docs_tasks_tools_install-kubectl_configure-kubectl]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/#configure-kubectl