Rest framework——从一段json数据来学rest_framework

骑猪看日落 2022-05-09 00:06 110阅读 0赞

## 一、用 Django 来返回一段　json 数据列表 ##

import json
    from .models import Product
    from django.http import HttpResponse
    from django.views.generic.base import View
    
    class ProductListView1(View):
    	def get(self, request):
    			""" 通过 django 的　view　实现 """
    			json_list = []
    			products = Product.objects.all()
    	
    			# 某些数据类型无法直接序列化　繁琐
    			for product in products:
    					json_dict = { }
    					json_dict["id"] = product.id
    					json_dict["name"] = product.name
    					json_dict["category"] = product.category
    					json_list.append(json_dict)
    			return HttpResponse(json.dumps(json_list), content_type="application/json")
    								
    			# 某些数据类型无法直接序列化 
    			from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
    			for product in products:
    					json_dict = model_to_dict(product)
    					json_list.append(json_dict)
    			return HttpResponse(json.dumps(json_list), content_type="application/json")
    
    			# 使用django自带序列化类
    			from django.core import serializers
    			json_data = serializers.serialize('json', product)
    			return HttpResponse(json_data, content_type="application/json")
    			
    			# 使用　JsonResponse
    			from django.http import JsonResponse
    			json_data = json.loads(serializers.serialize('json', product))
    			return JsonResponse(json_data, safe=False)

## 二、使用rest\_framwork来返回json数据 ##

# serializers.py
    from rest_framework import serializers
    from .models import Product
    
    # s1　自定义字段序列化
    class ProductSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    	id = serializers.IntegerField()
    	name = serializers.CharField(required=True, max_length=100)
    
    	# 重写create函数可以保存前端传的数据
    	def create(self, validated_data):
    		return Product.objects.create(**validated_data)
    		
    # s2 根据model来序列化字段（指定或全部）
    # 或存在自定义字段　自定义字段将替换指定字段中的该字段
    class ProductSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    	class Meta:
    		model = Product
    		fields = ('id', 'name')
    		# 序列化全部字段
    		# fields = ("__all__")
    		
    # s3　序列化外键字段
    # 若序列化类中存在外键字段，外键字段将自动序列化为外键id
    class CategorySerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    	id = serializers.IntegerField()
    	name = serializers.CharField(required=True, max_length=100)
    
    
    class ProductSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    	# 将外键字段信息按　CategorySerializer　类序列化
    	category = CategorySerializer()
    	# 将外键字段序列化显示为外键中的某一字段
    	#category = serializers.CharField('category.name')
    	class Meta:
    		model = Product
    		fields = ('id', 'name')
    		# 序列化全部字段
    		# fields = ("__all__")

# views.py
    from rest_framework.views import APIView
    from rest_framework.response import Response
    from .serializers import ProductSerializer
    from .models import Product
    
    # v1－s1:s2:s2
    class ProductList(APIView):
    	def get(self,request,format=None):
    		products = Product.objects.all()
    		products_serializer = ProductSerializer(goods, many=True)
    		return Response(products_serializer.data)
    		
    	def post(self,request,format=None):
    		serializer = ProductSerializer(data=request.data)
    		# 对前端提交的数据进行验证
    		if serializer.is_valid():
    			serializer.save()
    			return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
    		return Respnse(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400)
    
    # v2
    from rest_framework import mixins
    from rest_framework import generics
    
    class ProductList(mixins.ListModelMixin, generics.GenericAPIView):
    	products = Product.objects.all()
    	serializer_class = ProductSerializer
    	
    	def get(self, request, *args, **kwgras):
    		return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
    	
    		
    # v3
    class ProductList(generics.ListAPIView):
    	products = Product.objects.all()
    	serializer_class = ProductSerializer
    
    
    # v4-url viewset
    from rest_framework import viewsets
    class ProductList(mixins.ListModelMixin, viewsets.GenericViewSet):
    	products = Product.objects.all()
    	serializer_class = ProductSerializer

#urls.py
    from .views import ProductList
    # u1
    products = ProductList.as_view({ 
    	'get': 'list',
    	'post': 'create'
    })
    url (r'product/$', product, name='product')
    
    
    #u2
    from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
    # 这样写的好处是不用重复性的注册大量相似的ｕｒｌ
    router = DefaultRouter()
    router.register(r'product', ProductList)
    url(r'^', include(router.urls))

# 继承关系
    GenericViewSet(viewset)			--rest_framework
    	GenericAPIView				--rest_framework
    		APIView					--rest_framework
    			View				--django

一篇简单易懂的serializer使用文章
    http://www.cnblogs.com/yuncong/p/10128987.html