celery+RabbitMQ 实战记录2—工程化使用

爱被打了一巴掌 2022-04-24 10:10 219阅读 0赞

[上篇文章][Link 1]中，已经介绍了celery和RabbitMQ的安装以及基本用法。

本文将从工程的角度介绍如何使用celery。

# 1.配置和启动RabbitMQ #

请参考[celery+RabbitMQ实战记录][Link 1]。

# 2. 安装和使用celery #

## 2.1 创建虚拟环境,并安装celery ##

$ mkdir celery_demo
    $ cd celery_demo
    $ virtualenv -p python3 venv3

$ ./venv3/bin/pip install celery

项目的目录结构说明：

-- celery_demo
        -- api.py
        -- celeryconfig.py
        -- rocket
            -- celery.py
            -- tasks.py

## 2.2 配置celery ##

创建配置文件 [celeryconfig.py][]，里面包含`CELERY_IMPORTS`、`BROKER_URL`、`CELERYD_LOG_FORMAT`、`CELERY_ROUTES`.

# celeryconfig.py
    
    RABBIT_MQ = {
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'PORT': 5672,
        'USER': 'test',
        'PASSWORD': '123456'
    }
    
    CELERY_IMPORTS = ("rocket.tasks", )
    
    BROKER_URL = 'amqp://%s:%s@%s:%s/myvhost' % (RABBIT_MQ['USER'], RABBIT_MQ['PASSWORD'], RABBIT_MQ['HOST'], RABBIT_MQ['PORT'])
    
    CELERYD_LOG_FORMAT = '[%(asctime)s] [%(levelname)s] %(message)s'
    
    CELERY_ROUTES = {
            'rocket.tasks.add': {'queue': 'sunday'},
    }

其中，参数定义如下：

*  `CELERY_IMPORTS` 导入的task
 *  `BROKER_URL`指定了broker信息，即消息队列的地址。
 *  `CELERYD_LOG_FORMAT` 指定了日志格式。
 *  `CELERY_ROUTES` 指定了路由信息，即调用`rocket.tasks.add`后，消息具体放入哪个队列，这里是队列名称为`sunday`。

## 2.3 创建celery实例 ##

创建目录

mkdir rocket

在rocket目录下，[创建文件celery.py][celery.py]

from celery import Celery
    
    app = Celery("orange", backend='amqp')
    app.config_from_object("celeryconfig")

创建实例，并读取配置。

## 2.4 定义tasks ##

在rocket目录下，[创建文件tasks.py][tasks.py]

from rocket.celery import app
    
    
    @app.task
    def add(x, y):
            return x + y

定义tasks。

## 2.5 启动celery(即消费者) ##

确认当前所在的目录：

$ pwd
    /workspace/celery_demo

启动消费者

$ ./venv3/bin/celery worker  -A rocket -Q sunday --loglevel=info  -f app.log
    
    /workspace/celery_demo/venv3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/celery/backends/amqp.py:67: CPendingDeprecationWarning:
        The AMQP result backend is scheduled for deprecation in     version 4.0 and removal in version v5.0.     Please use RPC backend or a persistent backend.
    
      alternative='Please use RPC backend or a persistent backend.')
    
    celery@admindeMacBook-Pro-2.local v4.3.0 (rhubarb)
    
    Darwin-18.2.0-x86_64-i386-64bit 2019-04-22 20:53:56
    
    [config]
    .> app:         orange:0x10abdb6d8
    .> transport:   amqp://test:**@127.0.0.1:5672/myvhost
    .> results:     amqp://
    .> concurrency: 8 (prefork)
    .> task events: OFF (enable -E to monitor tasks in this worker)
    
    [queues]
    .> sunday           exchange=sunday(direct) key=sunday
    
    
    [tasks]
      . rocket.tasks.add

## 2.6 生产者 ##

[创建文件api.py][api.py]，会调用`apply_async`向队列中投放消息。

# api.py
    from rocket.tasks import add
    
    
    print("start...")
    
    result = add.apply_async((1, 2), expires=10)
    
    print("result:", result)
    print(result.ready())
    
    
    print("end...")

[执行api.py][api.py 1]，启动生产者

./venv3/bin/python api.py
    start...
    result: 6ef453e6-1797-4dd7-a2fc-bd6ef8096fde
    True
    end...

## 2.6 查看结果 ##

查看日志文件app.log

[2019-04-23 09:53:46,406] [INFO] Connected to amqp://test:**@127.0.0.1:5672/myvhost
    [2019-04-23 09:53:46,420] [INFO] mingle: searching for neighbors
    [2019-04-23 09:53:47,455] [INFO] mingle: all alone
    [2019-04-23 09:53:47,474] [INFO] celery@admindeMacBook-Pro-2.local ready.
    [2019-04-23 09:53:55,850] [INFO] Received task: rocket.tasks.add[6ef453e6-1797-4dd7-a2fc-bd6ef8096fde]   expires:[2019-04-23 01:54:05.817853+00:00]
    [2019-04-23 09:53:55,876] [INFO] Task rocket.tasks.add[6ef453e6-1797-4dd7-a2fc-bd6ef8096fde] succeeded in 0.023095715092495084s: 3

# 参考 #

[using celery in project][]

[Link 1]: https://blog.csdn.net/lanyang123456/article/details/89424755
[celeryconfig.py]: http://celeryconfig.py
[celery.py]: http://xn--celery-h18it8skp6afyn.py
[tasks.py]: http://xn--tasks-ln2hy1qf23ai9m.py
[api.py]: http://xn--api-tu9du7l49xopk.py
[api.py 1]: http://xn--api-m35fr68n.py
[using celery in project]: http://docs.jinkan.org/docs/celery/getting-started/next-steps.html#using-celery-in-your-application