git log 详解

￡神魔★判官ぃ 2022-04-22 15:56 302阅读 0赞

git log 可以让我们查看提交commit history,接下来我们来一起探索git log提供的参数。

$ git log
    commit 0005d1e3f54b79fe4707fbccc44b89e0fb4ce565 (HEAD -> master, origin/master, origin/HEAD)
    Author: Carl Mungazi <c_mungazi@hotmail.co.uk>
    Date:   Sat Jan 12 05:46:05 2019 +0000
    
        Fix typo (#14576)
    
    commit f290138d329aa7aa635d88868705b23372e9f004
    Author: Brian Vaughn <brian.david.vaughn@gmail.com>
    Date:   Thu Jan 10 12:56:52 2019 -0800
    
        react-debug-tools accepts currentDispatcher ref as param (#14556)
    
        * react-debug-tools accepts currentDispatcher ref as param
    
        * ReactDebugHooks injected dispatcher ref is optional

git log默认会输出commit hash, author, date, commit message.

# 1 --oneline #

这个命令简化git log的默认的输出，仅仅输出commit hash 前7个字符串和commit message.

$ git log --oneline
    0005d1e3f (HEAD -> master, origin/master, origin/HEAD) Fix typo (#14576)
    f290138d3 react-debug-tools accepts currentDispatcher ref as param (#14556)
    b4ad8e947 rename useImperativeMethods -> useImperativeHandle (#14565)
    ab03e3d65 Inject ReactCurrentDispatcher ref to DevTools (#14550)
    19ef0ec11 Separate current owner and dispatcher (#14548)

# 2 --stat #

`--stat`:是在git log 的基础上输出文件增删改的统计数据。

$ git log --stat
    commit 0005d1e3f54b79fe4707fbccc44b89e0fb4ce565 (HEAD -> master, origin/master, origin/HEAD)
    Author: Carl Mungazi <c_mungazi@hotmail.co.uk>
    Date:   Sat Jan 12 05:46:05 2019 +0000
    
        Fix typo (#14576)
    
     packages/scheduler/src/Scheduler.js | 2 +-
     1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
    
    commit f290138d329aa7aa635d88868705b23372e9f004
    Author: Brian Vaughn <brian.david.vaughn@gmail.com>
    Date:   Thu Jan 10 12:56:52 2019 -0800
    
        react-debug-tools accepts currentDispatcher ref as param (#14556)
    
        * react-debug-tools accepts currentDispatcher ref as param
    
        * ReactDebugHooks injected dispatcher ref is optional
    
     packages/react-debug-tools/src/ReactDebugHooks.js  | 42 ++++++++++++++++------
     .../ReactHooksInspection-test.internal.js          | 33 +++++++++++++++++
     ...eactHooksInspectionIntegration-test.internal.js | 35 ++++++++++++++++++
     3 files changed, 100 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

# 3 -p #

`-p`:控制输出每个commit具体修改的内容，输出的形式以diff的形式给出。

$ git log -p
    commit 0005d1e3f54b79fe4707fbccc44b89e0fb4ce565 (HEAD -> master, origin/master, origin/HEAD)
    Author: Carl Mungazi <c_mungazi@hotmail.co.uk>
    Date:   Sat Jan 12 05:46:05 2019 +0000
    
        Fix typo (#14576)
    
    diff --git a/packages/scheduler/src/Scheduler.js b/packages/scheduler/src/Scheduler.js
    index 480ec81c4..a6e27850d 100644
    --- a/packages/scheduler/src/Scheduler.js
    +++ b/packages/scheduler/src/Scheduler.js
    @@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ function flushWork(didTimeout) { 
             firstCallbackNode !== null &&
             !(enableSchedulerDebugging && isSchedulerPaused)
           ) { 
    -        // TODO Wrap i nfeature flag
    +        // TODO Wrap in feature flag
             // Read the current time. Flush all the callbacks that expire at or
             // earlier than that time. Then read the current time again and repeat.
             // This optimizes for as few performance.now calls as possible.
    
    commit f290138d329aa7aa635d88868705b23372e9f004
    Author: Brian Vaughn <brian.david.vaughn@gmail.com>
    Date:   Thu Jan 10 12:56:52 2019 -0800
    
        react-debug-tools accepts currentDispatcher ref as param (#14556)
    
        * react-debug-tools accepts currentDispatcher ref as param
    
        * ReactDebugHooks injected dispatcher ref is optional
    
    diff --git a/packages/react-debug-tools/src/ReactDebugHooks.js b/packages/react-debug-tools/src/ReactDebugHooks.js
    index 9b5a3b499..b00df7e46 100644
    --- a/packages/react-debug-tools/src/ReactDebugHooks.js
    +++ b/packages/react-debug-tools/src/ReactDebugHooks.js
    @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import { 
       ForwardRef,
     } from 'shared/ReactWorkTags';
    
    -const ReactCurrentDispatcher = ReactSharedInternals.ReactCurrentDispatcher;
    +type CurrentDispatcherRef = typeof ReactSharedInternals.ReactCurrentDispatcher;
    
     // Used to track hooks called during a render

# 4 git show #

`git show`命令同`git log -p`输出类似，只不过它只显示一个commit的内容，如果不指定commit hash, 它默认输出HEAD指向commit的内容.

$ git show
    commit 0005d1e3f54b79fe4707fbccc44b89e0fb4ce565 (HEAD -> master, origin/master, origin/HEAD)
    Author: Carl Mungazi <c_mungazi@hotmail.co.uk>
    Date:   Sat Jan 12 05:46:05 2019 +0000
    
        Fix typo (#14576)
    
    diff --git a/packages/scheduler/src/Scheduler.js b/packages/scheduler/src/Scheduler.js
    index 480ec81c4..a6e27850d 100644
    --- a/packages/scheduler/src/Scheduler.js
    +++ b/packages/scheduler/src/Scheduler.js
    @@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ function flushWork(didTimeout) { 
             firstCallbackNode !== null &&
             !(enableSchedulerDebugging && isSchedulerPaused)
           ) { 
    -        // TODO Wrap i nfeature flag
    +        // TODO Wrap in feature flag
             // Read the current time. Flush all the callbacks that expire at or
             // earlier than that time. Then read the current time again and repeat.
             // This optimizes for as few performance.now calls as possible.

# 5 git shortlog #

这个命令用来输出汇总信息，以作者进行分类。

12645@DESKTOP-DBGLR67 MINGW64 /h/tmp/git/react (master)
    $ git shortlog
    243083df (1):
          Remove unnecessary comparison; (#11215)
    
    839 (1):
          Update Japanese translation to 75fafe1
    
    AGCB (1):
          fix spelling error: differen -> different (#14378)

`git shortlog -s`：可以用来统计每个作者的commit数量

`git shortlog -n`：可以用来对统计的量进行倒序排列

# 6 --pretty #

我们可以用–pretty来自定义输出的信息，  
\`git log --pretty="%cn committed %h on %cd""

# 7 --author #

加`--author`用来过滤commit,限定输出给定的用户

$ git log --author="Andrew Clark"
    commit 84b86471ea12bd1f5994d878a318dcdead1137e9
    Author: Andrew Clark <git@andrewclark.io>
    Date:   Wed Dec 19 17:29:25 2018 -0800
    
        Update CHANGELOG for 16.7
    
    commit c695b2384fecfaeaf41e951b64fae2874f28ec12
    Author: Andrew Clark <git@andrewclark.io>
    Date:   Wed Dec 19 17:23:14 2018 -0800
    
        React v16.7.0
    
    commit 1c5aa2f23a80be137aeecc808498aedc304725bb
    Author: Andrew Clark <git@andrewclark.io>
    Date:   Tue Dec 18 11:09:44 2018 -0800
    
        Move SchedulerFeatureFlags fork to src directory to fix lint

# 8 限定log输出 #

直接在log命令之后，加 `-n`参数即可，n表示你要输出的数量.

$ git log -2
    commit 0005d1e3f54b79fe4707fbccc44b89e0fb4ce565 (HEAD -> master, origin/master, origin/HEAD)
    Author: Carl Mungazi <c_mungazi@hotmail.co.uk>
    Date:   Sat Jan 12 05:46:05 2019 +0000
    
        Fix typo (#14576)
    
    commit f290138d329aa7aa635d88868705b23372e9f004
    Author: Brian Vaughn <brian.david.vaughn@gmail.com>
    Date:   Thu Jan 10 12:56:52 2019 -0800
    
        react-debug-tools accepts currentDispatcher ref as param (#14556)
    
        * react-debug-tools accepts currentDispatcher ref as param
    
        * ReactDebugHooks injected dispatcher ref is optional

# 9 限定指定日期范围的log #

`--after`和`--before`

$ git log --after '10-1-2019'
    commit 0005d1e3f54b79fe4707fbccc44b89e0fb4ce565 (HEAD -> master, origin/master, origin/HEAD)
    Author: Carl Mungazi <c_mungazi@hotmail.co.uk>
    Date:   Sat Jan 12 05:46:05 2019 +0000
    
        Fix typo (#14576)
    
    commit f290138d329aa7aa635d88868705b23372e9f004
    Author: Brian Vaughn <brian.david.vaughn@gmail.com>
    Date:   Thu Jan 10 12:56:52 2019 -0800
    
        react-debug-tools accepts currentDispatcher ref as param (#14556)
    
        * react-debug-tools accepts currentDispatcher ref as param
    
        * ReactDebugHooks injected dispatcher ref is optional
    
    commit b4ad8e947150a1a0b486a388e2d4762d3eee51ee
    Author: Sunil Pai <threepointone@oculus.com>
    Date:   Thu Jan 10 13:37:50 2019 +0000
    
        rename useImperativeMethods -> useImperativeHandle (#14565)

# 10 控制是否显示merge的commit #

`--merges`或者`--no-merges`

# 11 --decoreate #

该参数用来控制log输出时，显示对应commit所属的branch和tag信息

$ git log --decorate --oneline
    0005d1e3f (HEAD -> master, origin/master, origin/HEAD) Fix typo (#14576)
    f290138d3 react-debug-tools accepts currentDispatcher ref as param (#14556)
    b4ad8e947 rename useImperativeMethods -> useImperativeHandle (#14565)
    ab03e3d65 Inject ReactCurrentDispatcher ref to DevTools (#14550)
    19ef0ec11 Separate current owner and dispatcher (#14548)
    a9b035b0c Separate Object.is polyfill (#14334)
    547e059f0 Simplify wording of key warning (#14503)
    3494ee57e Update ReactUpdateQueue.js (#14521)
    fef40c061 Allow node 11 as devEngine (#14450)
    659c13963 Update ReactFiberScheduler.js (#14477)
    84b86471e Update CHANGELOG for 16.7
    c695b2384 React v16.7.0
    1c5aa2f23 Move SchedulerFeatureFlags fork to src directory to fix lint
    653bc582f Create separate SchedulerFeatureFlags instead of using ReactFeatureFlags (#14455)
    8bfef0da5 Make scheduler debugging feature flag static
    4a1072194 (tag: v16.7.0) Memoize promise listeners to prevent exponential growth (#14429)