Linux环境 MySQL 5.7 安装部署

素颜马尾好姑娘i 2022-04-17 04:39 205阅读 0赞

创建安装目录

cd /usr/local/
    mkdir mysql
    cd mysql

下载安装包

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

解压安装包

tar vxzf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

配置mysql  
建立mysql运行对应的用户和用户组，并创建数据库  
建立用户mysql，组mysql 。后面mysql就使用这个用户来运行  
（注意这也是mysql启动脚本中默认的用户，因此最好不要改名，使用-r参数表示mysql用户是一个系统用户，不能登录）

groupadd mysql
    useradd -r -g mysql mysql

创建数据库目录

mkdir -p /var/mysql/data
    chown -R mysql:mysql /var/mysql
    cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64

初始化数据库

bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 --datadir=/var/mysql/data

如果出现以下错误：

./bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file:

解决方法：

[root@xxx]# yum install -y libaio  // 安装后在初始化就可以了

把mysql加入搜索路径  
在/etc/profile中增加以下行，把mysql加入搜索路径

# mysql 
    export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64
    export PATH=${MYSQL_HOME}/bin:$PATH

source /etc/profile 使配置文件生效

配置mysql  
拷贝mysql配置文件

cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64
    cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

如果不存在my.cnf，则不用拷贝，直接修改 /etc/my.cnf文件

修改my.cnf，主要配置如下

[mysqld]
    datadir=/var/mysql/data
    socket=/var/mysql/data/mysql.sock
    Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
    symbolic-links=0
    interactive_timeout=3000
    wait_timeout=3000
    character-set-server=utf8
    collation-server=utf8_general_ci
    
    #Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
    #If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
    #customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
    #instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
    [mysqld_safe]
    # log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
    # pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
    log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysql.log
    pid-file=/var/mysql/data/mysql.pid
    [client]
    socket=/var/mysql/data/mysql.sock
    # include all files from the config directory
    !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

为mysql的log准备空间

cd /var/log
    mkdir mysql
    chown -R mysql:mysql ./mysql/

配置系统启动后自动启动mysqld

拷贝mysqld的配置文件

cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64
    cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
    chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

修改/etc/init.d/mysqld  
vim /etc/init.d/mysqld，把其中两行修改为：

basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64
    datadir=/var/mysql/data

设定开机启动，并启动

chkconfig --add mysqld
    chkconfig mysqld on
    service mysqld start

检查mysqld服务已经启动

ps -ef|grep mysqld
    netstat -lnp | grep -i mysql
    
    [root@xxx mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64]# netstat -anp | grep 3306
    tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      9897/mysqld         
    [root@xxx mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64]# service mysqld status
    MySQL running (9897)                                       [  OK  ]
    [root@xxx mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64]#

客户端连接测试

cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64
    bin/mysql -uroot -p

如果出现错误：ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can’t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘\*\*\*’ (2)  
解决办法 :  
确定“socket”文件正确位置：  
确定mysql服务正常运行后，产生此错误的原因只剩下“socket”文件路径不正确了，我们可以使用“find”命令或者“lsof”命令来确定socket文件的正确路径：

[root@xxx mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64]#  find / -name '*.sock'
    /var/mysql/data/mysql.sock

修改“/etc/my.cnf”配置文件，在配置文件中添加“\[client\]”选项和“\[mysql\]”选项，并使用这两个选项下的“socket”参数值，与“\[mysqld\]”选项下的“socket”参数值，指向的socket文件路径完全一致。如下：

...
    [client]
    default-character-set=utf8
    socket=/var/mysql/data/mysql.sock
     
    [mysql]
    default-character-set=utf8
    socket=/var/mysql/data/mysql.sock

可参考：[http://aiezu.com/article/mysql\_cant\_connect\_through\_socket.html][http_aiezu.com_article_mysql_cant_connect_through_socket.html]

修改mysql的登录密码

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'abcdefg12345l';

[http_aiezu.com_article_mysql_cant_connect_through_socket.html]: http://aiezu.com/article/mysql_cant_connect_through_socket.html