python实战项目词云生成器(wordcloud+jieba+pyinstaller打包)——词云生成软件【Pyinstaller打包问题解决】

末蓝、 2022-04-17 02:58 558阅读 0赞

最近学习了python的jieba分词库和wordcloud词云库，诞生了想写个小demo，使用python实现文章的词云图的绘制，然后需要具有交互界面，并且能够在没有python环境的电脑下运行，方便不懂编程的人直接使用。

全部代码实现的打包exe文件：WordCloudTool免安装版

主要使用的库和软件如下：

python3.7.1  实现算法编程语言  
jieba 词语分割  
wordcloud 绘制云图  
matplotlib.pyplot 显示/保存云图  
注意，默认上述环境和库以安装完毕！

### 界面结构设计 ###

登录界面如下：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0FuZG9uZV9oc3g_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

注册页面如下：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0FuZG9uZV9oc3g_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

文件选择页面如下：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0FuZG9uZV9oc3g_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

完整代码如下：

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
    from tkinter import filedialog
    import tkinter as tk
    import jieba
    import tkinter.messagebox
    import pickle
    import wordcloud
    import matplotlib
    
    #创建一个窗体
    window = tk.Tk() #建立以个窗口
    window.title("词云生成器") #命名窗体
    window.geometry('450x300') #设置窗体大小
    window.resizable(False, False)
    
    # welcome image
    canvas = tk.Canvas(window, height=300, width=450)
    image_file = tk.PhotoImage(file='bg.gif')
    image = canvas.create_image(0,0, anchor='nw', image=image_file)
    canvas.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
    
    # user information
    #tk.Label(window, text='User name: ').place(x=50, y= 150)
    #tk.Label(window, text='Password: ').place(x=50, y= 190)
    
    var_usr_name = tk.StringVar()
    var_usr_name.set('example@python.com')
    entry_usr_name = tk.Entry(window, textvariable=var_usr_name)
    entry_usr_name.place(x=160, y=150)
    var_usr_pwd = tk.StringVar()
    entry_usr_pwd = tk.Entry(window, textvariable=var_usr_pwd, show='*')
    entry_usr_pwd.place(x=160, y=190)
    
    
    def wordclounds_w():
        def Open_file():
            try:
                filename = filedialog.askopenfilename( \
                    initialdir='C:', title="Please select txt file", \
                    filetypes=(("txt文件", "*.txt"), ("所有文件", "*.*")))
            except FileNotFoundError:
                pass
            f = open(filename, "r", encoding="utf-8")
            t = f.read()
            f.close()
            ls = jieba.lcut(t)
            txt = " ".join(ls)
            w = wordcloud.WordCloud(font_path="msyh.ttf", width=1000, height=700, background_color="white", max_words=15)
            w.generate(txt)
            #以文件名输出为.png图片
            lists = list(reversed(filename))
            for i in range(len(lists)):
                if lists[i] == "/":
                    break
            w.to_file("".join(reversed(lists[4:i]))+".png")
    
        window_w = tk.Toplevel(window)
        window_w.geometry('450x300')
        window_w.title('select file window')
        window_w.resizable(False, False)
    
        # txt introduction
        # welcome image
        canvas = tk.Canvas(window_w, height=300, width=450)
        image_files = tk.PhotoImage(file='slg.gif')
        images = canvas.create_image(0, 0, anchor='nw', image=image_files)
        canvas.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
    
        btn_confirm_sign_up = tk.Button(window_w, text='Please open the txt file!', command=Open_file)
        btn_confirm_sign_up.place(x=130, y=200)
        window_w.mainloop()
    
    #usr_login
    def usr_login():
        usr_name = var_usr_name.get()
        usr_pwd = var_usr_pwd.get()
        try:
            with open('usrs_info.pickle', 'rb') as usr_file:
                usrs_info = pickle.load(usr_file)
        except FileNotFoundError:
            with open('usrs_info.pickle', 'wb') as usr_file:
                usrs_info = {'admin': 'admin'}
                pickle.dump(usrs_info, usr_file)
        if usr_name in usrs_info:
            if usr_pwd == usrs_info[usr_name]:
                tk.messagebox.showinfo(title='Welcome', message='Welcome use this tool! ' + usr_name)
                wordclounds_w()
            else:
                tk.messagebox.showerror(message='Error, your password is wrong, try again.')
        else:
            is_sign_up = tk.messagebox.askyesno('Welcome',
                                                'You have not sign up yet. Sign up today?')
            if is_sign_up:
                usr_sign_up()
    
    #usr_sign_up
    def usr_sign_up():
        def sign_to_Mofan_Python():
            np = new_pwd.get()
            npf = new_pwd_confirm.get()
            nn = new_name.get()
            with open('usrs_info.pickle', 'rb') as usr_file:
                exist_usr_info = pickle.load(usr_file)
            if np != npf:
                tk.messagebox.showerror('Error', 'Password and confirm password must be the same!')
            elif nn in exist_usr_info:
                tk.messagebox.showerror('Error', 'The user has already signed up!')
            else:
                exist_usr_info[nn] = np
                with open('usrs_info.pickle', 'wb') as usr_file:
                    pickle.dump(exist_usr_info, usr_file)
                tk.messagebox.showinfo('Welcome', 'You have successfully signed up!')
                window_sign_up.destroy()
    
        window_sign_up = tk.Toplevel(window)
        window_sign_up.geometry('350x200')
        window_sign_up.title('Sign up window')
        window_sign_up.resizable(False, False)
    
    
        new_name = tk.StringVar()
        new_name.set('example@python.com')
        tk.Label(window_sign_up, text='User name: ').place(x=10, y=10)
        entry_new_name = tk.Entry(window_sign_up, textvariable=new_name)
        entry_new_name.place(x=150, y=10)
    
        new_pwd = tk.StringVar()
        tk.Label(window_sign_up, text='Password: ').place(x=10, y=50)
        entry_usr_pwd = tk.Entry(window_sign_up, textvariable=new_pwd, show='*')
        entry_usr_pwd.place(x=150, y=50)
    
        new_pwd_confirm = tk.StringVar()
        tk.Label(window_sign_up, text='Confirm password: ').place(x=10, y=90)
        entry_usr_pwd_confirm = tk.Entry(window_sign_up, textvariable=new_pwd_confirm, show='*')
        entry_usr_pwd_confirm.place(x=150, y=90)
    
        btn_confirm_sign_up = tk.Button(window_sign_up, text='Sign up', command=sign_to_Mofan_Python)
        btn_confirm_sign_up.place(x=150, y=130)
    
    
    
    # login and sign up button
    btn_login = tk.Button(window, text='Login', command=usr_login)
    btn_login.place(x=170, y=230)
    btn_sign_up = tk.Button(window, text='Sign up', command=usr_sign_up)
    btn_sign_up.place(x=270, y=230)
    
    window.mainloop()

### pyinstaller打包问题处理 ###

问题主要是针对pyinstaller对**`jieba`、`wordcloud`**库打包时出现的问题。

**【打包****jieba库****时，因提前处理了路径问题，在此没有出现错误！下面仅为****jieba库****相关问题处理案例！】**

1. No such or directory: u’C:\\user\\LOOP\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\\_MEI12~1\\jieba\\dict.txt’

这是用于**jieba**中调用了**dict.txt**文件，而**pyinstaller**在打包时不会自动把该文件打包，定位到出现错误的文件**Lib\\site-packages\\jieba\\\_compat.py**的8行，可以看到如下：

try:
        import pkg_resources
        get_module_res = lambda *res: pkg_resources.resource_stream(__name__,
                                                                    os.path.join(*res))
    except ImportError:
        get_module_res = lambda *res: open(os.path.normpath(os.path.join(
                                os.getcwd(), os.path.dirname(__file__), *res)), 'rb')

该方法就是在当前文件 **(\_compat.py)** 目录作为**get\_module\_res**的目录，在**pyinstaller manual**文档中解释如下：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0FuZG9uZV9oc3g_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

也就是说使用**\_\_file\_\_**的相对路径在打包完成后会变成绝对路径，并且以**\_MEIxxxxx**文件名存储在缓存文件夹中。并且也给出解决方案，可以使用**sys.executable**也就是当前的运行目录，就是运行打包好的**exe**文件目录，如果是在使用**python**时，就是调用的**python**路径。

因此，解决方法如下：

try:
        import pkg_resources
        get_module_res = lambda *res: open(os.path.normpath(os.path.join(
            os.getcwd(), os.path.dirname(sys.executable), *res)), 'rb')
    
    except ImportError:
        get_module_res = lambda *res: open(os.path.normpath(os.path.join(
                                os.getcwd(), os.path.dirname(__file__), *res)), 'rb')

同理，在打包**wordcloud**也会出现相似的问题，定位到相关文件**(Lib\\site-packages\\wordcloud\\wordcloud.py)**第28、29、30行上下：

FONT_PATH = os.environ.get("FONT_PATH", os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),
                                                         "DroidSansMono.ttf"))
    STOPWORDS = set([x.strip() for x in open(
        os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'stopwords')).read().split('\n')])

很明显是**\_\_file\_\_**问题，修改如下：

FONT_PATH = os.environ.get("FONT_PATH", os.path.join(os.path.dirname(sys.executable),
                                                         "DroidSansMono.ttf"))
    STOPWORDS = set([x.strip() for x in open(
        os.path.join(os.path.dirname(sys.executable), 'stopwords')).read().split('\n')])

注意：以上修改只是针对使用**pyinstaller**打包时，因为改变了其文件路径，在调试和运行时会出错

最后把**dict.txt**和**stopwords**以及**img**文件拷贝到与生成的**.exe**文件同一目录即可。

Successfully:

![20181113114348205.png][]

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0FuZG9uZV9oc3g_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220417/99c10aa4516a4b72a70060095e08a7b4.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0FuZG9uZV9oc3g_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20220417/df223d20fdda4e04b027acb9f70039a2.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0FuZG9uZV9oc3g_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20220417/497d0cdc64354dea9543793f73a48d71.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0FuZG9uZV9oc3g_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: /images/20220417/0288764d43b047ac94bbd5d661eea2e7.png
[20181113114348205.png]: /images/20220417/8eaa23274149407d8deae7a736bb4307.png