将csdn的文章爬取，并将图片保存到本地

青旅半醒 2022-04-16 04:07 240阅读 0赞

#!/usr/bin/env python
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    # @Time    : 2018/11/13 10:20
    # @Author  : jia.zhao
    # @Desc    : 
    # @File    : csdn_demo.py
    # @Software: PyCharm
    
    
    import requests
    from lxml import etree
    import pymysql
    import re
    import urllib.request
    import urllib.error
    import hashlib
    from html import unescape
    import ssl
    from log_content import Logger
    
    ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
    class CSDNSpider():
    
        def __init__(self):
    
            '''
            初始化
            '''
            self.url = 'https://blog.csdn.net/'
            self.start_requests()
            self.headers = {
                'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
                'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
                'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
                'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0',
                'Connection': 'keep-alive',
                'Host': 'blog.csdn.net',
                'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
                'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36'
            }
    
        def start_requests(self):
    
            '''
            请求分类数据
            :return:
            '''
            xpath_nav = 'div[@class="container clearfix"]/nav[@class="clearfix"]/div[@class="clearfix"]/div[@class="nav_com"]/ul/li/a'
            # 请求url
            page = requests.get(self.url)
            # 使用xpath解析
            nav_html = etree.HTML(page.text)
            # 获取分类的url和name
            nav_urls = nav_html.xpath(
                '//%s/@href' % xpath_nav)
            nav_titles = nav_html.xpath(
                '//%s//text()' % xpath_nav)
            for i in range(len(nav_urls)):
                # 判断分类的url是不是区块链的链接
                if nav_urls[i] == 'https://blockchain.csdn.net':
                    nav_url = nav_urls[i]
                else:
                    # 如果不是，url需要拼接
                    nav_url = self.url + nav_urls[i]
                # 调用方法获取博客列表及内容
                self.content_article(nav_url, nav_titles[i])
    
    
        def content_article(self, nav_url, nav_title):
    
    
            # 不是区块链博客
            if nav_url != 'https://blockchain.csdn.net':
                # 根据分类获得HTML标签的class内容
                if nav_url.split('/')[-1] == '':
                    ele = 'home'
                else:
                    ele = nav_url.split('/')[-1]
                param = 'ul[@class="feedlist_mod %s"]/li[@class="clearfix"]/div[@class="list_con"]' % ele
                # 根据分类url请求文章列表
                page = requests.get(nav_url)
                blog_list_html = etree.HTML(page.text)
                if blog_list_html != '' and blog_list_html != None:
                    # 博客文章的url
                    global blog_list_urls
                    blog_list_urls = blog_list_html.xpath('//%s/div[@class="title"]/h2/a/@href' % param)
                    # 博客文章的name
                    global blog_list_titles
                    blog_list_titles = blog_list_html.xpath('//%s/div[@class="title"]/h2/a//text()' % param)
                    # 作者
                    global blog_list_authors
                    blog_list_authors = blog_list_html.xpath('//%s/dl[@class="list_userbar"]/dd[@class="name"]/a//text()' % param)
                    # 博客文章的阅读数量
                    global blog_list_read_num
                    blog_list_read_num = blog_list_html.xpath('//%s/dl[@class="list_userbar"]/div[@class="interactive floatR"]/dd[@class="read_num"]/a/span[@class="num"]//text()' % param)
                    # 博客文章的评论数量
                    global blog_list_common_num
                    blog_list_common_num = blog_list_html.xpath('//%s/dl[@class="list_userbar"]/div[@class="interactive floatR"]/dd[@class="common_num "]/a/span[@class="num"]//text()' % param)
            elif nav_url == 'https://blockchain.csdn.net':
                page = requests.get(nav_url)
                blog_list_html = etree.HTML(page.text)
                param = 'div[@id="content"]/ul[@class="list"]/li[@class="zixun_img"]'
                param_2 = 'div[@class="cont"]/div[@class="fr right_cont"]/div[@class="bot_info"]'
                # 博客文章的url
                blog_list_urls = blog_list_html.xpath('//%s/a/@href' % param)
                # 博客文章的name
                blog_list_titles = blog_list_html.xpath('//%s/a//text()' % param)
    
                # 作者
                blog_list_authors = blog_list_html.xpath(
                    '//%s/%s/a[@class="nick_name fl"]//text()' % (param, param_2))
                # 博客文章的阅读数量
                blog_list_read_num = blog_list_html.xpath(
                    '//%s/%s/span[@class="num fr"]//text()' % (param, param_2))
                # 博客文章的评论数量
                blog_list_common_num = blog_list_html.xpath('//%s/%s/span[@class="comment fr"]//text()' % (param, param_2))
    
            # 判断获取评论的值的个数和url是否一致
            if len(blog_list_urls) > len(blog_list_common_num):
                for i in range(len(blog_list_urls)-len(blog_list_common_num)):
                    blog_list_common_num.append('0')
            if len(blog_list_urls) > len(blog_list_read_num):
                for i in range(len(blog_list_urls) - len(blog_list_read_num)):
                    blog_list_read_num.append('0')
    
            # 循环取出文章的标题及其他内容
            for i in range(len(blog_list_titles)):
                # 访问文章的url
                page = requests.get(blog_list_urls[i])
                content_html = etree.HTML(page.text)
                # 文章的内容
                article_list_contents = content_html.xpath(
                    '//div[@class="blog-content-box"]/article/div[@class="article_content clearfix csdn-tracking-statistics"]/div[@class="htmledit_views"]')
                # 发布时间
                publish_time = content_html.xpath(
                    '//div[@class="blog-content-box"]/div[@class="article-header-box"]/div[@class="article-header"]/div[@class="article-info-box"]/div[@class="article-bar-top"]/span[@class="time"]//text()')
                # csdn有的页面富文本标签不一样,有的文章是用markdown，有的是用富文本编辑器，所以标签有区别
                if len(article_list_contents) == 0:
                    article_list_contents = content_html.xpath(
                        '//div[@id="article_content"]/div[1]')
                if len(article_list_contents) == 0:
                    log.logger.info('该文章里没有找到内容:' + blog_list_urls[i])
                    continue
                # 取出内容
                for j in range(len(article_list_contents)):
    
                    # 调用方法,保存内容及图片到文件服务器,返回路径
                    content_path = self.replace_content(article_list_contents[j], blog_list_urls[i])
    
                    # 将其他信息插入数据库
                    self.insert_mysql(str(blog_list_titles[i]).strip(), nav_title, blog_list_urls[i], str(blog_list_authors[i]).strip()
                                      , str(publish_time[0]).strip(),
                                  blog_list_read_num[i], blog_list_common_num[i], content_path)
                if i == 11:
                    break
    
    
        def insert_mysql(self, title, nav_title, article_url, author, publish_time, read_num, comment_num, content_path):
    
            '''
            :param title:
            :param article_url:
            :param author:
            :param publish_time:
            :param read_num:
            :param comment_num:
            :param content_path:
            :return:
            '''
            conn = pymysql.connect(
                host='127.0.0.1',
                db='csdn',
                user='root',
                passwd='********',
                # charset='utf8',  # 编码要加上，否则可能出现中文乱码问题
                use_unicode=False)
            cursor = conn.cursor()
    
            sql = """insert into csdn_demo(title,nav_title, article_url, author, publish_time, read_num, comment_num, content_path) 
                              VALUES("%s", "%s", "%s", "%s", "%s", "%s", "%s", "%s");""" \
                  % (title, nav_title, article_url, author, publish_time, read_num, comment_num, content_path)
    
            try:
                cursor.execute(sql)
                conn.commit()
            except Exception as e:
                log.logger.warning('数据库插入数据出现错误', e)
    
        def replace_content(self, content, article_url):
    
            '''
    
            :param content:
            :param article_url:
            :return: 文件路径
            '''
    
            reg = r'src="(.+?)"'
            content = etree.tostring(content).decode('utf8')
            content = unescape(content)
            imgre = re.compile(reg)
            imglist = re.findall(imgre, content)
            if len(imglist) != 0:
                # 循环
                for i in range(len(imglist)):
                    # 将图片的url转为MD5 ,确保唯一
                    img_name = hashlib.md5(imglist[i].encode('utf8'))
                    # 转换为16机制打印md5值
                    img_name = img_name.hexdigest()
                    # 解决下载不完全问题且避免陷入死循环
                    try:
                        # 判断图片链接是否是正确的
                        if not imglist[i].endswith('.js') and imglist[i].startswith('http') and 'note.youdao.com' not in imglist[i]:
                            if imglist[i].endswith('.gif'):
                                global path_name
                                path_name = 'csdn/img/%s.gif' % img_name
                                urllib.request.urlretrieve(imglist[i], path_name)
                                content = content.replace(imglist[i], '/home/zhaojia/csdn_demo/csdn/img/%s.gif' % img_name)
                            else:
                                path_name = 'csdn/img/%s.jpg' % img_name
                                # 保存图片
                                urllib.request.urlretrieve(imglist[i], path_name)
                                # 根据每个图片的src的内容进行替换
                                content = content.replace(imglist[i], '/home/zhaojia/csdn_demo/csdn/img/%s.jpg' % img_name)
                    except Exception as e:
                        log.logger.warning('图片下载出异常，进入异常处理模块,异常的链接：'+imglist[i]+'\n'+str(e))
                        if 'HTTP Error 403: Forbidden' in str(e):
                            log.logger.info('403错误，重新访问')
                            res = requests.get(imglist[i], headers=self.headers, verify=False)
                            if res.status_code == 200:
                                log.logger.info('重新获取成功')
                                with open(path_name, 'wb') as f:
                                    f.write(res.content)
                                content = content.replace(imglist[i], '/home/zhaojia/csdn_demo/%s' % path_name)
                            else:
                                log.logger.error('重新获取失败，已记录'+imglist[i]+'文章url是：'+article_url, )
                                continue
                        else:
                            continue
                    except urllib.error as e:
                        log.logger.warning('图片地址错误，无响应', e)
                        continue
    
    
    
            # 将文章的url转为MD5,作为文件名,确保唯一
            article_name_md5 = hashlib.md5(article_url.encode('utf8'))
            # 转换为16机制打印md5值
            article_name_md5 = article_name_md5.hexdigest()
            file_name = '/home/zhaojia/csdn_demo/csdn/article/'+article_name_md5+'.txt'
            # 写入文件
            with open(file_name, 'w', encoding='utf8') as f:
                f.write(content)
            return file_name
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
    
        log = Logger('csdn_all.log', level='info')
        CSDNSpider()

代码的注释很详细，我就不过多废话

log模块

#!/usr/bin/env python
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    # @Time    : 2018/11/16 11:20
    # @Author  : jia.zhao
    # @Desc    : 
    # @File    : log_content.py
    # @Software: PyCharm
    
    import logging
    from logging import handlers
    
    class Logger(object):
        level_relations = {
            'debug':logging.DEBUG,
            'info':logging.INFO,
            'warning':logging.WARNING,
            'error':logging.ERROR,
            'crit':logging.CRITICAL
        }#日志级别关系映射
    
        def __init__(self,filename,level='info',when='D',backCount=3,fmt='%(asctime)s - %(pathname)s[line:%(lineno)d] - %(levelname)s: %(message)s'):
            self.logger = logging.getLogger(filename)
            format_str = logging.Formatter(fmt)#设置日志格式
            self.logger.setLevel(self.level_relations.get(level))#设置日志级别
            sh = logging.StreamHandler()#往屏幕上输出
            sh.setFormatter(format_str) #设置屏幕上显示的格式
            th = handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler(filename=filename,when=when,backupCount=backCount,encoding='utf-8')#往文件里写入#指定间隔时间自动生成文件的处理器
            #实例化TimedRotatingFileHandler
            #interval是时间间隔，backupCount是备份文件的个数，如果超过这个个数，就会自动删除，when是间隔的时间单位，单位有以下几种：
            # S 秒
            # M 分
            # H 小时、
            # D 天、
            # W 每星期（interval==0时代表星期一）
            # midnight 每天凌晨
            th.setFormatter(format_str)#设置文件里写入的格式
            self.logger.addHandler(sh) #把对象加到logger里
            self.logger.addHandler(th)
    # if __name__ == '__main__':
    #     log = Logger('all.log',level='info')
    #     log.logger.info('info')
    #     log.logger.warning('警告')
    #     log.logger.error('报错')
    #     log.logger.critical('严重')