Centos 7服务器安装MySQL5.7(RPM安装方式)

梦里梦外; 2022-04-15 02:29 298阅读 0赞

## 1、配置YUM源 ##

在MySQL官网中下载YUM源rpm安装包：http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/

![20160625171308794][]

# 下载mysql源安装包
    shell> wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
    # 安装mysql源
    shell> yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
    # 下载mysql源安装包
    shell> wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
    # 安装mysql源
    shell> yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm

**检查mysql源是否安装成功**

shell> yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"

![20160625171753639][]  
   
看到上图所示表示安装成功。   
可以修改vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo源，改变默认安装的mysql版本。比如要安装5.6版本，将5.7源的enabled=1改成enabled=0。然后再将5.6源的enabled=0改成enabled=1即可。改完之后的效果如下所示：

## ![20160917131402303][]   2、安装MySQL ##

shell> yum install mysql-community-server

## 3、启动MySQL服务 ##

shell> systemctl start mysqld

**查看MySQL的启动状态**

shell> systemctl status mysqld
    ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
       Active: active (running) since 五 2016-06-24 04:37:37 CST; 35min ago
     Main PID: 2888 (mysqld)
       CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
               └─2888 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
    
    6月 24 04:37:36 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
    6月 24 04:37:37 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

## 4、开机启动 ##

shell> systemctl enable mysqld
    shell> systemctl daemon-reload

## 5、修改root本地登录密码 ##

mysql安装完成之后，在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中给root生成了一个默认密码。通过下面的方式找到root默认密码，然后登录mysql进行修改：

shell> grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

![20160625173708381][]

shell> mysql -uroot -p
    mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';

或者

mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('MyNewPass4!');

注意：mysql5.7默认安装了密码安全检查插件（validate\_password），默认密码检查策略要求密码必须包含：大小写字母、数字和特殊符号，并且长度不能少于8位。否则会提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements错误，如下图所示：

**通过msyql环境变量可以查看密码策略的相关信息：**

mysql> show variables like '%password%';

![20160625181000411][]  
validate\_password\_policy：密码策略，默认为MEDIUM策略   
validate\_password\_dictionary\_file：密码策略文件，策略为STRONG才需要   
validate\_password\_length：密码最少长度   
validate\_password\_mixed\_case\_count：大小写字符长度，至少1个   
validate\_password\_number\_count ：数字至少1个   
validate\_password\_special\_char\_count：特殊字符至少1个   
上述参数是默认策略MEDIUM的密码检查规则。

共有以下几种密码策略：

<table style="width:500px;"> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <th>策略</th> 
   <th>检查规则</th> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>0 or LOW&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>Length</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>1 or MEDIUM</td> 
   <td>Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>2 or STRONG</td> 
   <td>Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary file</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

MySQL官网密码策略详细说明：http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/validate-password-options-variables.html\#sysvar\_validate\_password\_policy

**修改密码策略**

**在/etc/my.cnf文件添加validate\_password\_policy配置，指定密码策略**

# 选择0（LOW），1（MEDIUM），2（STRONG）其中一种，选择2需要提供密码字典文件
    validate_password_policy=0

**如果不需要密码策略，添加my.cnf文件中添加如下配置禁用即可：**

validate_password = off

**重新启动mysql服务使配置生效：**

systemctl restart mysqld

## 6、添加远程登录用户 ##

默认只允许root帐户在本地登录，如果要在其它机器上连接mysql，必须修改root允许远程连接，或者添加一个允许远程连接的帐户，为了安全起见，我添加一个新的帐户：

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'yangxin'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Yangxin0917!' WITH GRANT OPTION;

## 7、配置默认编码为utf8 ##

**修改/etc/my.cnf配置文件，在\[mysqld\]下添加编码配置，如下所示：**

[mysqld]
    character_set_server=utf8
    init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'

**重新启动mysql服务，查看数据库默认编码如下所示：**

![20160625185414931][]

**默认配置文件路径：   
配置文件：/etc/my.cnf   
日志文件：/var/log//var/log/mysqld.log   
服务启动脚本：/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service   
socket文件：/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid**

[20160625171308794]: /images/20220415/ad47fe96d5b94a468306e162df22e306.png
[20160625171753639]: /images/20220415/e97bd6d575804845ae47897afdb4edf3.png
[20160917131402303]: /images/20220415/a3bc06fa9655419285d4743aa68fed78.png
[20160625173708381]: /images/20220415/8d9923a1eb4a49a3ae7cffdc4afc39bf.png
[20160625181000411]: /images/20220415/a1734a1da21c45b6b344bf12517fc7be.png
[20160625185414931]: /images/20220415/3335499d117745928a2e0f8d1bf33a17.png