springboot 与任务——异步任务、定时任务、邮件任务

喜欢ヅ旅行 2022-04-12 13:17 342阅读 0赞

1、springboot中执行异步任务：@EnableAysnc、@Aysnc

1）创建任务

import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    @Service
    public class AsyncService {
        public void hello(){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(3000);//同步等待
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("处理数据中....");
        }
    }

2）调用方法（此时是同步，3s之后才会响应返回success）

import com.example.cache.service.AsyncService;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    @RestController
    public class AsyncController {
    
        @Autowired
        AsyncService asyncService;
    
        @GetMapping("/hello")
        public String hello(){
            asyncService.hello();//调用方法
            return "success";//3秒之后才会响应
        }
    }

3）将步骤1）中的方法标注为异步：@Aysnc

import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    @Service
    public class AsyncService {
        //@Async:标注这是一个异步方法
        @Async
        public void hello(){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(3000);//等待
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("处理数据中....");
        }
    }

4）开启异步注解@EnableAsync //开启异步注解功能

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
    
    @EnableAsync //开启异步注解功能
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class SpringbootApplication {
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		SpringApplication.run(SpringbootApplication.class, args);
    	}
    }

5）此时调用方法，浏览器立即反应返回success

2、springboot执行定时任务：@EnableScheduling、@Scheduled

1）定时cron表达式

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl8zODM2NDk3Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

/：步长（每隔多长时间）  
         例："0/4 \* \* \* \* MON-SAT"(从0秒启动，每隔4秒执行一次)  
         ?：冲突匹配  
         例：用\*代表每一天，MON代表星期一，此时会冲突，因为不是每一天都是星期一，所以要用?代替任意天的\*

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl8zODM2NDk3Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

2）定时任务

import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    @Service
    public class ScheduledService {
        /**
         * cron:
         * second（秒）,minute（分）,hour（时）,day of month（日）,month（月）,day of week（周几）
         * 例：0 * * * * MON-FRI
         *  MON-FRI:从周一到周五，*：任意时刻，* * * *：任意月任意日任意小时任意分钟，0：整秒启动
         *  即：周一到周五每一分钟都运行一次
         */
        @Scheduled(cron = "0 * * * * MON-FRI")
        public void hello(){
            System.out.println("hello ... ");
        }
    }

3)开启基于注解的定时任务：@EnableScheduling //开启基于注解的定时任务

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;
    
    @EnableScheduling //开启基于注解的定时任务
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class SpringbootApplication {
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		SpringApplication.run(SpringbootApplication.class, args);
    	}
    }

3、springboot与邮件任务

1）引入依赖：spring-boot-starter-mail（https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.0.4.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/\#using-boot-starter）

<dependency>
       	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
       	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
    </dependency>

2）自动配置原理

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl8zODM2NDk3Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

3）配置发件人用户名、密码、邮件服务器地址

spring.mail.username=yourname@foxmail.com
    #为了安全起见，该密码不是邮箱的密码，而是第三方授权码
    spring.mail.password=dajjilvjikmi
    #主机地址（SMTP地址）
    spring.mail.host=smtp.qq.com
    #额外配置（ssl安全连接）开启ssl
    #spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.ssl.enable=true

使用qq邮箱开启服务，生成授权码

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl8zODM2NDk3Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

4）简单邮件测试

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl8zODM2NDk3Mw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

4）简单邮件测试

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
    @SpringBootTest
    public class SpringbootApplicationTests implements Serializable {
        @Autowired
    	JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender;
        @Test
    	public void test05() {
    		//创建简单邮件
    		SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
    		//邮件设置
    		message.setSubject("通知.今晚开会");//邮件标题
    		message.setText("今晚7.30开会");//邮件内容
    		message.setTo("yourname1@qq.com");
    		message.setFrom("yourname@qq.com");//发送者
    		mailSender.send(message);
    	}
    }

5）复杂邮件测试（带附件）

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
    @SpringBootTest
    public class SpringbootApplicationTests implements Serializable {
    
    	@Autowired
    	JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender;
    
    	@Test
    	public void test06() throws MessagingException {
    		//1、创建一个复杂的消息邮件(最终要发送的邮件)
    		MimeMessage mimeMessage = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
    		//new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage,是否上传文件);
    		MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage,true);
    
    		//邮件设置
    		helper.setSubject("通知.今晚开会");//邮件标题
    		helper.setText("<b style='color:red'>今晚7.30开会</b>",true);//邮件内容 html片段
    		helper.setTo("yourname1@qq.com");
    		helper.setFrom("yourname@qq.com");//发送者
    
    		//上传文件
    		helper.addAttachment("1.png",new File("D:\\log\\1.png"));
    		helper.addAttachment("2.png",new File("D:\\log\\2.png"));
    		mailSender.send(mimeMessage);
    	}
    }

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