Vagrant构建虚拟开发环境

待我称王封你为后i 2022-04-12 10:48 219阅读 0赞

## 安装 ##

需要安装最新版的VirtualBox和Vagrant，并将VirtualBox和Vagrant的目录添加到系统环境变量PATH中。

## 准备镜像 ##

vagrant使用在virtualbox虚拟机基础上封装的box镜像。Vagrant在添加镜像时会自动下载镜像文件，但鉴于国内访问国外网的速度，建议事先使用下载工具单独下载镜像。

Box镜像下载站：[http://www.vagrantbox.es/][http_www.vagrantbox.es]

我下载Vagrant官方的Ubuntu precise 64 VirtualBox镜像，存放到某个目录下面，比如：

F:\\Virtual Machine\\vbox\\precise64.box

## 创建环境 ##

### 创建开发目录 ###

作为使用vagrant的主目录，后续将自动生成配置文件Vagrantfile，并将该目录自动映射到虚拟机中的/vagrant目录下。比如，使用如下目录

D:\\project\\vagrant\\dev

### 添加镜像 ###

使用 vagrant box add \[box-name\] \[box-url\] 添加box。box名称默认为base。

在上面目录处打开命令行提示符或powershell。添加镜像F:\\Virtual Machine\\vbox\\precise64.box到Vagrant，使用如下命令：

其中base为box名称，后面是镜像文件的路径。

提示：

表示成功添加名为base的box。

### 初始化 ###

在开发目录中初始化vagrant。

如果box是base，可以省略box-name，否则必须给出box的名字。  
执行命令后显示：

表示自动生成配置文件Vagrantfile，可以使用vagrant up启动虚拟机。

### 修改配置文件 ###

添加某些选项，方便后续开发。

比如网络设置采用端口映射：

## 使用 ##

### 基本操作命令 ###

vagrant init 初始化

vagrant up 启动虚拟机

vagrant halt 关闭虚拟机

vagrant reload 重启虚拟机

vagrant ssh SSH登陆虚拟机

vagrant status 查看虚拟机运行状态

vagrant destroy 销毁当前虚拟机

### 启动虚拟机 ###

显示信息：

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     </div> 
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     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;background-position:0px 50%;"> 
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     </div> 
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      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#002d7a;">VirtualBox</span> 
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      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#004ed0;">VirtualBox </span> 
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      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#004ed0;">on</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;background-color:#f7f7f7;"> 
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      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#800080;">and</span> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#004ed0;">reload </span> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#004ed0;">your </span> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#002d7a;">VM</span> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#333333;">.</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;background-position:0px 50%;">
       &nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;background-color:#f7f7f7;"> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#004ed0;">Guest </span> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#004ed0;">Additions </span> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#002d7a;">Version</span> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#006fe0;">:</span> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#ce0000;">4.2.0</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;background-position:0px 50%;"> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#004ed0;">VirtualBox </span> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#002d7a;">Version</span> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#006fe0;">:</span> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#ce0000;">4.3</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;background-color:#f7f7f7;"> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#333333;">[</span> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#800080;">default</span> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#333333;">]</span> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#004ed0;">Mounting </span> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#004ed0;">shared </span> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#002d7a;">folders</span> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#333333;">.</span> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#333333;">.</span> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#333333;">.</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;background-position:0px 50%;"> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#333333;">[</span> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#800080;">default</span> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#333333;">]</span> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#006fe0;">--</span> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#006fe0;">/</span> 
      <span style="border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;color:#002d7a;">vagrant</span> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

上面有两个端口映射（22和80）以及一个共享文件夹映射（/vagrant）。

### SSH登陆 ###

使用vagrant ssh登陆虚拟环境。但Windows的命令行提示符cmd没有ssh命令。不过由于我安装git时添加其到环境变量PATH，git内置ssh命令，可以直接在命令行中登陆。

可以使用其他ssh客户端，如Putty、Xshell等。  
地址为127.0.0.1  
端口见上面的映射关系，为2222  
用户名为vagrant  
Private key为 C:/Users/用户名/.vagrant.d/insecure\_private\_key

### 安装软件 ###

#### 添加中文支持 ####

镜像为英文版，需要添加简体中文支持

修改默认语言为简体中文，编辑/etc/default/locale，将语言改为zh\_CN.UTF8。

#### 添加各种Python库 ####

首先需要安装python-pip。

安装mysql-dev遇到EnvironmentError: mysql\_config not found问题，找不到头文件。需要安装libmysqld-dev，和python-dev。

## 进一步 ##

### 释放C盘空间 ###

vagrant把box默认放在C盘的用户文件夹下，严重占用C盘空间（其实最初的box也就300多兆大小），我需要将其移动到其它位置。

将.vagrant.d文件夹移动到其它位置，并设置他的路径为环境变量VARANT\_HOME即可。

## 参考 ##

vagrant官网：[http://www.vagrantup.com/][http_www.vagrantup.com]

virtualbox官网：[https://www.virtualbox.org/][https_www.virtualbox.org]

[http_www.vagrantbox.es]: http://www.vagrantbox.es/
[http_www.vagrantup.com]: http://www.vagrantup.com/
[https_www.virtualbox.org]: https://www.virtualbox.org/