关键段CRITICAL_SECTION 与互斥量Mutex 在线程互斥的性能比较

深藏阁楼爱情的钟 2022-04-10 12:43 243阅读 0赞

在多线程环境，对资源进行访问的时候，一般都需要加锁。这时候就涉及到加锁的性能问题：

lock.h

#ifndef _LOCK_H_
    #define _LOCK_H_
    #include <windows.h>
    
    
    //锁接口类
    class ILock
    {
    public:
    	virtual ~ILock() {}
    
    	virtual void Lock() const = 0;
    	virtual void Unlock() const = 0;
    };
    
    
    //互斥对象锁类
    class CMutex : public ILock
    {
    public:
    	CMutex();
    	~CMutex();
    
    	virtual void Lock() const;
    	virtual void Unlock() const;
    
    private:
    	HANDLE m_mutex;
    };
    
    
    //临界区锁类
    class CriSection : public ILock
    {
    public:
    	CriSection();
    	~CriSection();
    
    	virtual void Lock() const;
    	virtual void Unlock() const;
    
    private:
    	CRITICAL_SECTION m_critclSection;
    };
    
    
    //自动锁
    class CAutoLock
    {
    public:
    	CAutoLock(const ILock&);
    	~CAutoLock();
    
    private:
    	const ILock& m_lock;
    };
    
    
    #endif

lock.cpp

#include "StdAfx.h"
    #include "Lock.h"
    
    
    //创建一个匿名互斥对象
    CMutex::CMutex()
    {
    	m_mutex = ::CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, NULL);
    }
    
    //销毁互斥对象，释放资源
    CMutex::~CMutex()
    {
    	::CloseHandle(m_mutex);
    }
    
    //确保拥有互斥对象的线程对被保护资源的独自访问
    void CMutex::Lock() const
    {
    	DWORD d = WaitForSingleObject(m_mutex, INFINITE);
    }
    
    //释放当前线程拥有的互斥对象，以使其它线程可以拥有互斥对象，对被保护资源进行访问
    void CMutex::Unlock() const
    {
    	::ReleaseMutex(m_mutex);
    }
    
    //
    
    //初始化临界资源对象
    CriSection::CriSection()
    {
    	::InitializeCriticalSection(&m_critclSection);
    }
    
    //释放临界资源对象
    CriSection::~CriSection()
    {
    	::DeleteCriticalSection(&m_critclSection);
    }
    
    //进入临界区，加锁
    void CriSection::Lock() const
    {
    	::EnterCriticalSection((LPCRITICAL_SECTION)&m_critclSection);
    }	
    
    //离开临界区，解锁
    void CriSection::Unlock() const
    {
    	::LeaveCriticalSection((LPCRITICAL_SECTION)&m_critclSection);
    }
    
    //
    
    //自动加锁
    CAutoLock::CAutoLock(const ILock& m) : m_lock(m)
    {
    	m_lock.Lock();
    }
    
    //自动解锁
    CAutoLock::~CAutoLock()
    {
    	m_lock.Unlock();
    }

测试代码：

#include "Lock.h"
    #include <iostream>
    #include <process.h>
    #include <time.h>
    using namespace std;
    
    
    #define ENABLE_MUTEX
    #define ENABLE_CRITICAL_SECTION
    
    #if defined (ENABLE_MUTEX)
    CMutex g_Lock;//创建一个互斥对象类型锁
    #elif defined (ENABLE_CRITICAL_SECTION)
    CriSection g_Lock;//创建一个临界区类型锁
    #endif
    
    
    void LockCompare(int &nNum)
    {
    	CAutoLock lock1(g_Lock);
    	nNum++;
    }
    
    
    //线程函数
    unsigned int __stdcall StartThread(void *pParam)
    {
    	char *pMsg = (char *)pParam;
    	if (!pMsg)
    	{
    		return (unsigned int)1;
    	}
    
    	CAutoLock lock2(g_Lock);
    	cout << pMsg << endl;
    
    	clock_t tStart = clock();
    	int nNum = 0;
    	for (int i=0; i<100000; i++)
    	{
    		LockCompare(nNum);//对nNum反复加锁
    	}
    	clock_t tEnd = clock();
    
    #if defined (ENABLE_MUTEX)
    	cout << "The lock type is mutex, time = " << (tEnd - tStart) << " ms." << endl;
    #elif defined (ENABLE_CRITICAL_SECTION)
    	cout << "The lock type is critical section, time = "<<(tEnd - tStart) << " ms." <<endl;
    #endif
    
    	return (unsigned int)0;
    }
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[])
    {
    	unsigned int uThreadId1, uThreadId2;
    
    	char *pszMsg1 = "1st print thread.";
    	char *pszMsg2 = "2nd print thread.";
    
    	//创建两个工作线程，分别打印不同的消息
    	HANDLE hThread1 = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL, 0, &StartThread, (void *)pszMsg1, 0, &uThreadId1);
    	HANDLE hThread2 = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL, 0, &StartThread, (void *)pszMsg2, 0, &uThreadId2);
    
    	//等待线程结束
    	DWORD dwRet = WaitForSingleObject(hThread1,INFINITE);
    	if ( dwRet == WAIT_TIMEOUT )
    	{
    		TerminateThread(hThread1, 0);
    	}
    	dwRet = WaitForSingleObject(hThread2,INFINITE);
    	if ( dwRet == WAIT_TIMEOUT )
    	{
    		TerminateThread(hThread2, 0);
    	}
    
    	//关闭线程句柄，释放资源
    	::CloseHandle(hThread1);
    	::CloseHandle(hThread2);
    
    	system("pause");
    	return 0;
    }

将测试代码中的宏 \#define ENABLE\_MUTEX 注释掉，禁掉互斥锁，启用临界区锁。对比测试，可以看出关键段的效率比互斥量要高！

有以下几点需要注意：

1、关键段与互斥量，两者都因为有“线程所有权”，所以只能用于线程的互斥，不可以用于线程的同步。

2、在同一个进程的多线程同步锁，宜用关键段锁，它的效率比互斥量要高！