Servlet详解

越学到后面，越觉得基础重要，慢慢开始补充基础，因此这篇博客主要备忘一下扎实servlet的相关知识。

1.首先如何查看servlet的源码。

servlet的源码在tomcat服务器的源代码中（[点击下载][Link 1]） **[apache-tomcat-8.0.53-src.zip][Link 1]**
非源码的名字叫 **apache-tomcat-8.0.53.zip** 注意一下 没有src，去官网下载的时候请注意。

如何导源码包进eclipse 请看这篇博客：

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_29519041/article/details/82468100

结构图：

2.查看servlet源码的HttpServlet**类**

随便写一个类继承HttpServlet，按住ctrl点击HttpServlet

点击Declaration为查看这个类的代码，点击Implementation为查看所有继承这个类的子类。

来看一下HttpServlet这个类的源码

public abstract class HttpServlet extends GenericServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private static final String METHOD_DELETE = "DELETE";
    private static final String METHOD_HEAD = "HEAD";
    private static final String METHOD_GET = "GET";
    private static final String METHOD_OPTIONS = "OPTIONS";
    private static final String METHOD_POST = "POST";
    private static final String METHOD_PUT = "PUT";
    private static final String METHOD_TRACE = "TRACE";
    private static final String HEADER_IFMODSINCE = "If-Modified-Since";
    private static final String HEADER_LASTMOD = "Last-Modified";
    private static final String LSTRING_FILE =
        "javax.servlet.http.LocalStrings";
    private static final ResourceBundle lStrings =
        ResourceBundle.getBundle(LSTRING_FILE);
    public HttpServlet() {
        // NOOP
    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws ServletException, IOException
    {
        String protocol = req.getProtocol();
        String msg = lStrings.getString("http.method_get_not_supported");
        if (protocol.endsWith("1.1")) {
            resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, msg);
        } else {
            resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_BAD_REQUEST, msg);
        }
    }
    protected long getLastModified(HttpServletRequest req) {
        return -1;
    }
    protected void doHead(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws ServletException, IOException {
        if (DispatcherType.INCLUDE.equals(req.getDispatcherType())) {
            doGet(req, resp);
        } else {
            NoBodyResponse response = new NoBodyResponse(resp);
            doGet(req, response);
            response.setContentLength();
        }
    }
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws ServletException, IOException {
        String protocol = req.getProtocol();
        String msg = lStrings.getString("http.method_post_not_supported");
        if (protocol.endsWith("1.1")) {
            resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, msg);
        } else {
            resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_BAD_REQUEST, msg);
        }
    }
    protected void doPut(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws ServletException, IOException {
        String protocol = req.getProtocol();
        String msg = lStrings.getString("http.method_put_not_supported");
        if (protocol.endsWith("1.1")) {
            resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, msg);
        } else {
            resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_BAD_REQUEST, msg);
        }
    }
    protected void doDelete(HttpServletRequest req,
                            HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws ServletException, IOException {
        String protocol = req.getProtocol();
        String msg = lStrings.getString("http.method_delete_not_supported");
        if (protocol.endsWith("1.1")) {
            resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, msg);
        } else {
            resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_BAD_REQUEST, msg);
        }
    }
    private static Method[] getAllDeclaredMethods(Class<?> c) {
        if (c.equals(javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.class)) {
            return null;
        }
        Method[] parentMethods = getAllDeclaredMethods(c.getSuperclass());
        Method[] thisMethods = c.getDeclaredMethods();
        if ((parentMethods != null) && (parentMethods.length > 0)) {
            Method[] allMethods =
                new Method[parentMethods.length + thisMethods.length];
            System.arraycopy(parentMethods, 0, allMethods, 0,
                             parentMethods.length);
            System.arraycopy(thisMethods, 0, allMethods, parentMethods.length,
                             thisMethods.length);
            thisMethods = allMethods;
        }
        return thisMethods;
    }
    protected void doOptions(HttpServletRequest req,
            HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws ServletException, IOException {
        Method[] methods = getAllDeclaredMethods(this.getClass());
        boolean ALLOW_GET = false;
        boolean ALLOW_HEAD = false;
        boolean ALLOW_POST = false;
        boolean ALLOW_PUT = false;
        boolean ALLOW_DELETE = false;
        boolean ALLOW_TRACE = true;
        boolean ALLOW_OPTIONS = true;
        for (int i=0; i<methods.length; i++) {
            Method m = methods[i];
            if (m.getName().equals("doGet")) {
                ALLOW_GET = true;
                ALLOW_HEAD = true;
            }
            if (m.getName().equals("doPost"))
                ALLOW_POST = true;
            if (m.getName().equals("doPut"))
                ALLOW_PUT = true;
            if (m.getName().equals("doDelete"))
                ALLOW_DELETE = true;
        }
        String allow = null;
        if (ALLOW_GET)
            allow=METHOD_GET;
        if (ALLOW_HEAD)
            if (allow==null) allow=METHOD_HEAD;
            else allow += ", " + METHOD_HEAD;
        if (ALLOW_POST)
            if (allow==null) allow=METHOD_POST;
            else allow += ", " + METHOD_POST;
        if (ALLOW_PUT)
            if (allow==null) allow=METHOD_PUT;
            else allow += ", " + METHOD_PUT;
        if (ALLOW_DELETE)
            if (allow==null) allow=METHOD_DELETE;
            else allow += ", " + METHOD_DELETE;
        if (ALLOW_TRACE)
            if (allow==null) allow=METHOD_TRACE;
            else allow += ", " + METHOD_TRACE;
        if (ALLOW_OPTIONS)
            if (allow==null) allow=METHOD_OPTIONS;
            else allow += ", " + METHOD_OPTIONS;
        resp.setHeader("Allow", allow);
    }
    protected void doTrace(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws ServletException, IOException
    {
        int responseLength;
        String CRLF = "\r\n";
        StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder("TRACE ").append(req.getRequestURI())
            .append(" ").append(req.getProtocol());
        Enumeration<String> reqHeaderEnum = req.getHeaderNames();
        while( reqHeaderEnum.hasMoreElements() ) {
            String headerName = reqHeaderEnum.nextElement();
            buffer.append(CRLF).append(headerName).append(": ")
                .append(req.getHeader(headerName));
        }
        buffer.append(CRLF);
        responseLength = buffer.length();
        resp.setContentType("message/http");
        resp.setContentLength(responseLength);
        ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
        out.print(buffer.toString());
        out.close();
        return;
    }
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws ServletException, IOException {
        String method = req.getMethod();
        if (method.equals(METHOD_GET)) {
            long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
            if (lastModified == -1) {
                // servlet doesn't support if-modified-since, no reason
                // to go through further expensive logic
                doGet(req, resp);
            } else {
                long ifModifiedSince;
                try {
                    ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader(HEADER_IFMODSINCE);
                } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
                    // Invalid date header - proceed as if none was set
                    ifModifiedSince = -1;
                }
                if (ifModifiedSince < (lastModified / 1000 * 1000)) {
                    // If the servlet mod time is later, call doGet()
                    // Round down to the nearest second for a proper compare
                    // A ifModifiedSince of -1 will always be less
                    maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
                    doGet(req, resp);
                } else {
                    resp.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_MODIFIED);
                }
            }
        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_HEAD)) {
            long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
            maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
            doHead(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_POST)) {
            doPost(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_PUT)) {
            doPut(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_DELETE)) {
            doDelete(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_OPTIONS)) {
            doOptions(req,resp);
        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_TRACE)) {
            doTrace(req,resp);
        } else {
            //
            // Note that this means NO servlet supports whatever
            // method was requested, anywhere on this server.
            //
            String errMsg = lStrings.getString("http.method_not_implemented");
            Object[] errArgs = new Object[1];
            errArgs[0] = method;
            errMsg = MessageFormat.format(errMsg, errArgs);
            resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, errMsg);
        }
    }
    private void maybeSetLastModified(HttpServletResponse resp,
                                      long lastModified) {
        if (resp.containsHeader(HEADER_LASTMOD))
            return;
        if (lastModified >= 0)
            resp.setDateHeader(HEADER_LASTMOD, lastModified);
    }
    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
        throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpServletRequest  request;
        HttpServletResponse response;
        try {
            request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
            response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
        } catch (ClassCastException e) {
            throw new ServletException("non-HTTP request or response");
        }
        service(request, response);
    }
}

去掉了注释部分（注释超多）

它有13个方法分别为

3.GenericServlet类

他的作用如注释所说：

定义通用的、独立于协议的servlet。要编写用于Web的HTTP servlet，请改为{@link javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet}。

package javax.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
/**
 * Defines a generic, protocol-independent servlet. To write an HTTP servlet for
 * use on the Web, extend {@link javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet} instead.
 * <p>
 * <code>GenericServlet</code> implements the <code>Servlet</code> and
 * <code>ServletConfig</code> interfaces. <code>GenericServlet</code> may be
 * directly extended by a servlet, although it's more common to extend a
 * protocol-specific subclass such as <code>HttpServlet</code>.
 * <p>
 * <code>GenericServlet</code> makes writing servlets easier. It provides simple
 * versions of the lifecycle methods <code>init</code> and <code>destroy</code>
 * and of the methods in the <code>ServletConfig</code> interface.
 * <code>GenericServlet</code> also implements the <code>log</code> method,
 * declared in the <code>ServletContext</code> interface.
 * <p>
 * To write a generic servlet, you need only override the abstract
 * <code>service</code> method.
 */
public abstract class GenericServlet implements Servlet, ServletConfig,
        java.io.Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private transient ServletConfig config;
    /**
     * Does nothing. All of the servlet initialization is done by one of the
     * <code>init</code> methods.
     */
    public GenericServlet() {
        // NOOP
    }
    /**
     * Called by the servlet container to indicate to a servlet that the servlet
     * is being taken out of service. See {@link Servlet#destroy}.
     */
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        // NOOP by default
    }
    /**
     * Returns a <code>String</code> containing the value of the named
     * initialization parameter, or <code>null</code> if the parameter does not
     * exist. See {@link ServletConfig#getInitParameter}.
     * <p>
     * This method is supplied for convenience. It gets the value of the named
     * parameter from the servlet's <code>ServletConfig</code> object.
     *
     * @param name
     *            a <code>String</code> specifying the name of the
     *            initialization parameter
     * @return String a <code>String</code> containing the value of the
     *         initialization parameter
     */
    @Override
    public String getInitParameter(String name) {
        return getServletConfig().getInitParameter(name);
    }
    /**
     * Returns the names of the servlet's initialization parameters as an
     * <code>Enumeration</code> of <code>String</code> objects, or an empty
     * <code>Enumeration</code> if the servlet has no initialization parameters.
     * See {@link ServletConfig#getInitParameterNames}.
     * <p>
     * This method is supplied for convenience. It gets the parameter names from
     * the servlet's <code>ServletConfig</code> object.
     *
     * @return Enumeration an enumeration of <code>String</code> objects
     *         containing the names of the servlet's initialization parameters
     */
    @Override
    public Enumeration<String> getInitParameterNames() {
        return getServletConfig().getInitParameterNames();
    }
    /**
     * Returns this servlet's {@link ServletConfig} object.
     *
     * @return ServletConfig the <code>ServletConfig</code> object that
     *         initialized this servlet
     */
    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return config;
    }
    /**
     * Returns a reference to the {@link ServletContext} in which this servlet
     * is running. See {@link ServletConfig#getServletContext}.
     * <p>
     * This method is supplied for convenience. It gets the context from the
     * servlet's <code>ServletConfig</code> object.
     *
     * @return ServletContext the <code>ServletContext</code> object passed to
     *         this servlet by the <code>init</code> method
     */
    @Override
    public ServletContext getServletContext() {
        return getServletConfig().getServletContext();
    }
    /**
     * Returns information about the servlet, such as author, version, and
     * copyright. By default, this method returns an empty string. Override this
     * method to have it return a meaningful value. See
     * {@link Servlet#getServletInfo}.
     *
     * @return String information about this servlet, by default an empty string
     */
    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return "";
    }
    /**
     * Called by the servlet container to indicate to a servlet that the servlet
     * is being placed into service. See {@link Servlet#init}.
     * <p>
     * This implementation stores the {@link ServletConfig} object it receives
     * from the servlet container for later use. When overriding this form of
     * the method, call <code>super.init(config)</code>.
     *
     * @param config
     *            the <code>ServletConfig</code> object that contains
     *            configuration information for this servlet
     * @exception ServletException
     *                if an exception occurs that interrupts the servlet's
     *                normal operation
     * @see UnavailableException
     */
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
        this.config = config;
        this.init();
    }
    /**
     * A convenience method which can be overridden so that there's no need to
     * call <code>super.init(config)</code>.
     * <p>
     * Instead of overriding {@link #init(ServletConfig)}, simply override this
     * method and it will be called by
     * <code>GenericServlet.init(ServletConfig config)</code>. The
     * <code>ServletConfig</code> object can still be retrieved via
     * {@link #getServletConfig}.
     *
     * @exception ServletException
     *                if an exception occurs that interrupts the servlet's
     *                normal operation
     */
    public void init() throws ServletException {
        // NOOP by default
    }
    /**
     * Writes the specified message to a servlet log file, prepended by the
     * servlet's name. See {@link ServletContext#log(String)}.
     *
     * @param msg
     *            a <code>String</code> specifying the message to be written to
     *            the log file
     */
    public void log(String msg) {
        getServletContext().log(getServletName() + ": " + msg);
    }
    /**
     * Writes an explanatory message and a stack trace for a given
     * <code>Throwable</code> exception to the servlet log file, prepended by
     * the servlet's name. See {@link ServletContext#log(String, Throwable)}.
     *
     * @param message
     *            a <code>String</code> that describes the error or exception
     * @param t
     *            the <code>java.lang.Throwable</code> error or exception
     */
    public void log(String message, Throwable t) {
        getServletContext().log(getServletName() + ": " + message, t);
    }
    /**
     * Called by the servlet container to allow the servlet to respond to a
     * request. See {@link Servlet#service}.
     * <p>
     * This method is declared abstract so subclasses, such as
     * <code>HttpServlet</code>, must override it.
     *
     * @param req
     *            the <code>ServletRequest</code> object that contains the
     *            client's request
     * @param res
     *            the <code>ServletResponse</code> object that will contain the
     *            servlet's response
     * @exception ServletException
     *                if an exception occurs that interferes with the servlet's
     *                normal operation occurred
     * @exception IOException
     *                if an input or output exception occurs
     */
    @Override
    public abstract void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
            throws ServletException, IOException;
    /**
     * Returns the name of this servlet instance. See
     * {@link ServletConfig#getServletName}.
     *
     * @return the name of this servlet instance
     */
    @Override
    public String getServletName() {
        return config.getServletName();
    }
}

他有13个方法

———— 最后更新于2018年12月31日 22：46 待续…————