centOS7下实践查询版本/CPU/内存/硬盘容量等硬件信息

逃离我推掉我的手 2022-04-10 06:11 424阅读 0赞

### [https://www.cnblogs.com/zy-plan/p/8617202.html][https_www.cnblogs.com_zy-plan_p_8617202.html] ###

# 1.系统 #

##   1.1版本 ##

uname -a 能确认是64位还是32位，其它的信息不多

[root@localhost ~]# uname -a
    Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Nov 19 22:10:57 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

more /etc/\*release 可以看到更多信息

[root@localhost ~]# more /etc/*release
    ::::::::::::::
    /etc/centos-release
    ::::::::::::::
    CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) 
    ::::::::::::::
    /etc/os-release
    ::::::::::::::
    NAME="CentOS Linux"
    VERSION="7 (Core)"
    ID="centos"
    ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
    VERSION_ID="7"
    PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
    ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
    CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
    HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
    BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"
    
    CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
    CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
    REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
    REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"
    
    ::::::::::::::
    /etc/redhat-release
    ::::::::::::::
    CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) 
    ::::::::::::::
    /etc/system-release
    ::::::::::::::
    CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)

##   1.2核数 ##

cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c
          1  Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6300HQ CPU @ 2.30GHz

1个逻辑CPU，i5型等信息

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c
          8  Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E7-4820 v2 @ 2.00GHz

8个逻辑CPU

cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep physical | uniq -c

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep physical | uniq -c
          1 physical id     : 0
          1 address sizes   : 42 bits physical, 48 bits virtual

实际上是一颗一核的CPU

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep physical | uniq -c
          1 physical id     : 0
          1 address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
          1 physical id     : 0
          1 address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
          1 physical id     : 0
          1 address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
          1 physical id     : 0
          1 address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
          1 physical id     : 0
          1 address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
          1 physical id     : 0
          1 address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
          1 physical id     : 0
          1 address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
          1 physical id     : 0
          1 address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual

由8个1核的CPU组成8核

cat /proc/cpuinfo可以看到更为详细的信息

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo
    processor       : 0
    vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
    cpu family      : 6
    model           : 94
    model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6300HQ CPU @ 2.30GHz
    stepping        : 3
    microcode       : 0x74
    cpu MHz         : 2304.004
    cache size      : 6144 KB
    physical id     : 0
    siblings        : 1
    core id         : 0
    cpu cores       : 1
    apicid          : 0
    initial apicid  : 0
    fpu             : yes
    fpu_exception   : yes
    cpuid level     : 22
    wp              : yes
    flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch ida arat epb pln pts dtherm hwp hwp_noitfy hwp_act_window hwp_epp fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid rtm rdseed adx smap xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves
    bogomips        : 4608.00
    clflush size    : 64
    cache_alignment : 64
    address sizes   : 42 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
    power management:

## 1.3运行模式 ##

getconf LONG\_BIT  CPU运行在多少位模式下

[root@localhost ~]# getconf LONG_BIT
    64

如果是32，说明当前CPU运行在32bit模式下, 但不代表CPU不支持64bit

cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep flags | grep ‘ lm ‘ | wc -l 是否支持64位

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep flags | grep ' lm ' | wc -l
    1

结果大于0, 说明支持64bit计算. lm指long mode, 支持lm则是64bit

## 1.4计算机名 ##

hostname

[root@localhost ~]# hostname
    localhost.localdomain

## 1.5.查看环境变量 ##

env

[root@localhost ~]# env
    XDG_SESSION_ID=4
    HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain
    SELINUX_ROLE_REQUESTED=
    TERM=vt100
    SHELL=/bin/bash
    HISTSIZE=1000
    SSH_CLIENT=192.168.174.1 58896 22
    SELINUX_USE_CURRENT_RANGE=
    SSH_TTY=/dev/pts/0
    USER=root

## 1.6系统允许多长时间了/负载数 ##

uptime

[root@localhost proc]# uptime
     10:55:01 up  1:28,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05

1.当前时间10:55:01

2.系统运行了多少时间,1:28（1小时28分)

3.多少个用户,2 users

4.平均负载：0.00, 0.01, 0.05，最近1分钟、5分钟、15分钟系统的负载

直接查看平均负载情况 cat /proc/loadavg

[root@localhost proc]# cat /proc/loadavg
    0.00 0.01 0.05 4/524 7152

除了前3个数字表示平均进程数量外，后面的1个分数，分母表示系统进程总数，分子表示正在运行的进程数；最后一个数字表示最近运行的进程ID

# 2.资源 #

##   2.1内存 ##

cat /proc/meminfo内存的详细信息

[root@localhost proc]# cat /proc/meminfo
    MemTotal:        1001332 kB
    MemFree:           99592 kB
    MemAvailable:     420940 kB
    Buffers:            1064 kB
    Cached:           405292 kB
    SwapCached:            0 kB
    Active:           412548 kB
    Inactive:         250192 kB
    Active(anon):     205264 kB
    Inactive(anon):    58460 kB
    Active(file):     207284 kB
    Inactive(file):   191732 kB
    Unevictable:           0 kB
    Mlocked:               0 kB
    SwapTotal:       2097148 kB
    SwapFree:        2097140 kB
    Dirty:                 0 kB
    Writeback:             0 kB
    AnonPages:        256416 kB
    Mapped:           103344 kB
    Shmem:              7340 kB
    Slab:             126408 kB
    SReclaimable:      69912 kB
    SUnreclaim:        56496 kB
    KernelStack:       10416 kB
    PageTables:        15520 kB
    NFS_Unstable:          0 kB
    Bounce:                0 kB
    WritebackTmp:          0 kB
    CommitLimit:     2597812 kB
    Committed_AS:    1578872 kB
    VmallocTotal:   34359738367 kB
    VmallocUsed:      170756 kB
    VmallocChunk:   34359564288 kB
    HardwareCorrupted:     0 kB
    AnonHugePages:     75776 kB
    HugePages_Total:       0
    HugePages_Free:        0
    HugePages_Rsvd:        0
    HugePages_Surp:        0
    Hugepagesize:       2048 kB
    DirectMap4k:       73600 kB
    DirectMap2M:      974848 kB
    DirectMap1G:           0 kB

MemTotal总内存，MemFree可用内存  
free -m(-m，单位是m，如果是-g，单位是g）查看可用内存

[root@localhost proc]# free -m
                  total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
    Mem:            977         360          97           7         520         411
    Swap:          2047           0        2047

空闲内存total-used=free+buff/cache

我们通过free命令查看机器空闲内存时，会发现free的值很小。这主要是因为，在linux中有这么一种思想，内存不用白不用，因此它尽可能的cache和buffer一些数据，以方便下次使用。但实际上这些内存也是可以立刻拿来使用的。

# 3.磁盘和分区 #

##   3.1查看各分区使用情况 ##

df -h

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
    Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/mapper/centos-root   45G   22G   24G  48% /
    devtmpfs                 906M     0  906M   0% /dev
    tmpfs                    921M   96K  921M   1% /dev/shm
    tmpfs                    921M 1004K  920M   1% /run
    tmpfs                    921M     0  921M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
    /dev/sda1                497M  195M  303M  40% /boot
    tmpfs                    185M     0  185M   0% /run/user/1001
    tmpfs                    185M     0  185M   0% /run/user/0
    [root@localhost ~]#

##   3.2查看指定目录的大小 ##

du -sh <目录名>

[root@localhost ~]# du -sh /root
    1.2G    /root

## 3.3查看所有分区 ##

fdisk -l

[root@localhost proc]# fdisk -l
    
    磁盘 /dev/sda：32.2 GB, 32212254720 字节，62914560 个扇区
    Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
    I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
    磁盘标签类型：dos
    磁盘标识符：0x000a0cd4
    
       设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sda1   *        2048     1026047      512000   83  Linux
    /dev/sda2         1026048    62914559    30944256   8e  Linux LVM
    
    磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-root：29.5 GB, 29490151424 字节，57597952 个扇区
    Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
    I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
    
    
    磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-swap：2147 MB, 2147483648 字节，4194304 个扇区
    Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
    I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
    
    
    磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-docker--poolmeta：33 MB, 33554432 字节，65536 个扇区
    Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
    I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
    
    
    磁盘 /dev/mapper/docker-253:0-101330881-pool：107.4 GB, 107374182400 字节，209715200 个扇区
    Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
    I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：65536 字节 / 65536 字节

## 3.4查看所有交换分区 ##

swapon -s

[root@localhost proc]# swapon -s
    文件名                          类型            大小    已用    权限
    /dev/dm-1                       partition       2097148 8       -1

# 4.网络 #

##   4.1查看所有网络接口的属性 ##

ifconfig

[root@localhost proc]# ifconfig
    docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
            inet 172.17.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 0.0.0.0
            ether 02:42:e1:b8:a5:4f  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
            RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    
    eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
            inet 192.168.174.129  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.174.255
            inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe50:b3b4  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
            ether 00:0c:29:50:b3:b4  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
            RX packets 28649  bytes 38411280 (36.6 MiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 8937  bytes 1226914 (1.1 MiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    
    lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
            inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
            inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
            loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)
            RX packets 4  bytes 340 (340.0 B)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 4  bytes 340 (340.0 B)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    
    virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
            inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255
            ether 00:00:00:00:00:00  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
            RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

###  4.2 带宽 ###

ethtool 网卡名

[root@localhost php-tomcat-base]# ethtool ens192
    Settings for ens192:
            Supported ports: [ TP ]
            Supported link modes:   1000baseT/Full 
                                    10000baseT/Full 
            Supported pause frame use: No
            Supports auto-negotiation: No
            Advertised link modes:  Not reported
            Advertised pause frame use: No
            Advertised auto-negotiation: No
            Speed: 10000Mb/s
            Duplex: Full
            Port: Twisted Pair
            PHYAD: 0
            Transceiver: internal
            Auto-negotiation: off
            MDI-X: Unknown
            Supports Wake-on: uag
            Wake-on: d
            Link detected: yes

看Speed

## 4.3查看路由表 ##

route -n

[root@localhost proc]# route -n
    Kernel IP routing table
    Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
    0.0.0.0         192.168.174.2   0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0
    172.17.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 docker0
    192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0
    192.168.174.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eth0
    [root@localhost proc]#

##  4.4查看所有监听端口 ##

netstat -lntp

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -lntp
    Active Internet connections (only servers)
    Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      743/rpcbind         
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1740/nginx: master  
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:81              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1740/nginx: master  
    tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2194/dnsmasq        
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1543/sshd           
    tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      12610/cupsd         
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:40536           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      19964/rpc.statd     
    tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2133/master         
    tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                    LISTEN      743/rpcbind         
    tcp6       0      0 :::81                   :::*                    LISTEN      1740/nginx: master  
    tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1543/sshd           
    tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::*                    LISTEN      12610/cupsd         
    tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      2133/master         
    tcp6       0      0 :::35420                :::*                    LISTEN      19964/rpc.statd     
    [root@localhost ~]#

## 4.5查看所有已经建立的连接 ##

netstat -antp

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -antp
    Active Internet connections (servers and established)
    Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      743/rpcbind         
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1740/nginx: master  
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:81              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1740/nginx: master  
    tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2194/dnsmasq        
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1543/sshd           
    tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      12610/cupsd         
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:40536           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      19964/rpc.statd     
    tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2133/master         
    tcp        0      0 172.31.4.233:22         121.34.147.13:57190     ESTABLISHED 29540/sshd: cavan [ 
    tcp        0      0 172.31.4.233:22         121.34.147.13:54544     ESTABLISHED 27077/sshd: cavan [ 
    tcp        0     96 172.31.4.233:22         219.137.32.66:60645     ESTABLISHED 30315/sshd: root@pt 
    tcp        0      0 172.31.4.233:22         121.34.147.13:56319     ESTABLISHED 28703/sshd: cavan [ 
    tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                    LISTEN      743/rpcbind         
    tcp6       0      0 :::81                   :::*                    LISTEN      1740/nginx: master  
    tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1543/sshd           
    tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::*                    LISTEN      12610/cupsd         
    tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      2133/master         
    tcp6       0      0 :::35420                :::*                    LISTEN      19964/rpc.statd     
    [root@localhost ~]#

### 4.6 某端口使用情况 ###

lsof -i:端口号

[root@localhost mysql]# lsof -i:22
    COMMAND  PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
    sshd    1150 root    3u  IPv4  18264      0t0  TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
    sshd    1150 root    4u  IPv6  18273      0t0  TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
    sshd    2617 root    3u  IPv4  20437      0t0  TCP localhost.localdomain:ssh->192.168.174.1:60426 (ESTABLISHED)
    [root@localhost mysql]#

或者

netstat -apn|grep 端口号

[root@localhost mysql]# netstat -apn|grep 22
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1150/sshd           
    tcp        0     96 192.168.174.136:22      192.168.174.1:60426     ESTABLISHED 2617/sshd: root@pts 
    tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1150/sshd

# 5.进程 #

##   5.1查看所有进程 ##

ps -ef,使用ps -ef|gerp tomcat过滤

[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef
    UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
    root          1      0  0 09:26 ?        00:00:03 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 21
    root          2      0  0 09:26 ?        00:00:00 [kthreadd]
    root          3      2  0 09:26 ?        00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
    root          6      2  0 09:26 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/u256:0]
    root          7      2  0 09:26 ?        00:00:00 [migration/0]
    root          8      2  0 09:26 ?        00:00:00 [rcu_bh]
    root          9      2  0 09:26 ?        00:00:00 [rcuob/0]
    root         10      2  0 09:26 ?        00:00:00 [rcuob/1]
    root         11      2  0 09:26 ?        00:00:00 [rcuob/2]
    root         12      2  0 09:26 ?        00:00:00 [rcuob/3]
    root         13      2  0 09:26 ?        00:00:00 [rcuob/4]
    root         14      2  0 09:26 ?        00:00:00 [rcuob/5]
    root         15      2  0 09:26 ?        00:00:00 [rcuob/6]
    root         16      2

ps -aux可以看到进程占用CPU,内存情况

[root@localhost ~]# ps -aux
    USER        PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
    root          1  0.0  0.6 126124  6792 ?        Ss   09:26   0:03 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 21
    root          2  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    09:26   0:00 [kthreadd]
    root          3  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    09:26   0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
    root          6  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    09:26   0:00 [kworker/u256:0]
    root          7  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    09:26   0:00 [migration/0]
    root          8  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    09:26   0:00 [rcu_bh]
    root          9  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    09:26   0:00 [rcuob/0]
    root         10  0.

## 5.2实时显示进程状态 ##

top

[root@localhost ~]# top
    top - 11:29:02 up  2:02,  2 users,  load average: 0.12, 0.04, 0.05
    Tasks: 408 total,   2 running, 406 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
    %Cpu(s):  1.3 us,  0.3 sy,  0.0 ni, 98.3 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
    KiB Mem :  1001332 total,    92184 free,   370332 used,   538816 buff/cache
    KiB Swap:  2097148 total,  2097140 free,        8 used.   419124 avail Mem 
    
       PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                                                                                                              
      3001 gdm       20   0 1419364 122996  45860 S  1.0 12.3   0:06.50 gnome-shell                                                                                                          
       276 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.3  0.0   0:09.72 kworker/0:1                                                                                                          
      3765 root      20   0  142864   5128   3876 S  0.3  0.5   0:00.77 sshd                                                                                                                 
      7740 root      20   0  146452   2384   1432 R  0.3  0.2   0:00.17 top                                                                                                                  
         1 root      20   0  126124   6792   3912 S  0.0  0.7   0:03.58 systemd                                                                                                              
         2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.03 kthreadd                                                                                                             
         3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.37 ksoftirqd/0                                                                                                          
         6 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.39 kworker/u256:0                                                                                                       
         7 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 migration/0                                                                                                          
         8 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcu_bh                                                                                                               
         9 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcuob/0                                                                                                              
        10 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcuob/1                                                                                                              
        11 root      20   0       0

# 6.用户 #

##   6.1查看活动用户 ##

[root@localhost ~]# w
     11:32:36 up 72 days, 20:50,  3 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
    USER     TTY      FROM             LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
    cavan    pts/0    121.34.147.13    09:47    1:14m  0.17s  0.17s sshd: cavan [priv]  
    root     pts/1    219.137.32.66    11:19    4.00s  0.05s  0.00s w
    cavan    pts/3    121.34.147.13    10:14   20:44   0.38s  0.11s vim Dockerfile
    [root@localhost ~]#

## 6.2查看指定用户的信息 ##

id <用户名>

[root@localhost ~]# id root
    uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
    [root@localhost ~]# id cavan
    uid=1001(cavan) gid=1001(cavan) groups=1001(cavan)
    [root@localhost ~]#

## 6.3查看用户登录日志 ##

last

[root@localhost 1]# last
    root     pts/0        192.168.174.1    Mon Oct 24 09:51   still logged in   
    (unknown :0           :0               Mon Oct 24 09:27   still logged in   
    reboot   system boot  3.10.0-327.el7.x Mon Oct 24 09:26 - 11:35  (02:09)    
    root     pts/0        192.168.174.1    Fri Oct 21 09:41 - 18:44  (09:03)    
    (unknown :0           :0               Fri Oct 21 09:15 - 18:44  (09:28)    
    reboot   system boot  3.10.0-327.el7.x Fri Oct 21 09:15 - 11:35 (3+02:20)   
    root     pts/1        192.168.174.1    Thu Oct 20 10:05 - 18:13  (08:08)    
    root     pts/0

## 6.4查看系统所有用户 ##

cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd

[root@localhost ~]# cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd
    root
    bin
    daemon
    adm
    lp
    sync
    shutdown
    halt
    mail
    operator
    games
    ftp
    nobody
    dbus
    polkitd
    abrt
    unbound
    colord
    usbmuxd
    ntp

http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-11/137550.htm

http://blog.csdn.net/dream\_broken/article/details/52883883

## 前言 ##

记下[CentOS][] 7查看系统版本及查看机器位数x86-64的方法，由于不经常使用Linux，每当使用的时候就是安装软件，安装软件的时候就要选择安装包平台，是32位的还是64位的。这时候突然发现不知道怎么查，于是百度。虽然轻而易举百度出来，但仍旧没有自己的笔记看起来舒服。所以，还是记录下来。

## 辨识标准 ##

首先要清楚什么样标识是32位的，什么样的是64位的。

> **PC server X86 系列**
> 
> **I386--I686** 都是**32位**
> 
> **x86\_64** 是 **64位**

## 查看位数命令 ##

命令实在是不要太多，为了防止选择性障碍，一致选择第一种方式，后面的仅作为补充。  
方法1：

1.  `[root@linuxidc ~]# uname -a`
2.  `Linux linuxidc 3.10.0-327.18.2.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu May 12 11:03:55 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux`

方法2：显示系统程序信息

1.  `[root@linuxidc ~]# file /bin/ls`
2.  `/bin/ls: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=aa7ff68f13de25936a098016243ce57c3c982e06, stripped`

方法3：

1.  `[root@linuxidc ~]# cat /proc/version`
2.  `Linux version 3.10.0-327.18.2.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.3 20140911 (Red Hat 4.8.3-9) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Thu May 12 11:03:55 UTC 2016`

方法4：

> （32位的系统中int类型和long类型一般都是4字节，64位的系统中int类型还是4字节的，但是long已变成了8字节inux系统中可用"getconf WORD\_BIT"和  
> "getconf LONG\_BIT"获得word和long的位数。64位系统中应该分别得到32和64。）

1.  `[root@linuxidc ~]# getconf LONG_BIT`
2.  `64`

## 查看系统版本 ##

方法1：《这个命令试过不好用》

1.  `[root@linuxidc ~]# lsb_release -a`
2.  `LSB Version: :core-4.1-amd64:core-4.1-noarch:cxx-4.1-amd64:cxx-4.1-noarch:desktop-4.1-amd64:desktop-4.1-noarch:languages-4.1-amd64:languages-4.1-noarch:printing-4.1-amd64:printing-4.1-noarch`
3.  `Distributor ID: CentOS`
4.  `Description: CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)`
5.  `Release: 7.2.1511`
6.  `Codename: Core`
7.

方法2：

1.   
2.  `[root@linuxidc ~]# cat /etc/os-release`
3.  `NAME="CentOS Linux"`
4.  `VERSION="7 (Core)"`
5.  `ID="centos"`
6.  `ID_LIKE="rhel Fedora"`
7.  `VERSION_ID="7"`
8.  `PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"`
9.  `ANSI_COLOR="0;31"`
10. `CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"`
11. `HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"`
12. `BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"`
13.  
14. `CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"`
15. `CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"`
16. `RedHat_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"`
17. `REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"`

方法3：

1.  `[root@linuxidc ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release`
2.  `CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)`

方法4：

1.  `[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -q centos-release`
2.  `centos-release-7-2.1511.el7.centos.2.10.x86_64`

方法5：查看系统版本

`cat /etc/redhat-release`

![这里写图片描述][20150715000456626]

## 查看内核版本 ##

方法1：

方法2：

[root@linuxidc ~]# uname -a

1.  `Linux linuxidc 3.10.0-327.18.2.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu May 12 11:03:55 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux`

更多CentOS相关信息见[CentOS][] 专题页面 [http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=14][CentOS]

# 1.系统 #

##   1.1版本 ##

uname -a 能确认是64位还是32位，其它的信息不多

\[html\] [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\# uname -a  
2.  Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-327.el7.x86\_64 \#1 SMP Thu Nov 19 22:10:57 UTC 2015 x86\_64 x86\_64 x86\_64 GNU/Linux

more /etc/\*release 可以看到更多信息

\[html\] [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\# more /etc/\*release  
2.  ::::::::::::::  
3.  /etc/centos-release  
4.  ::::::::::::::  
5.  CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)   
6.  ::::::::::::::  
7.  /etc/os-release  
8.  ::::::::::::::  
9.  NAME="CentOS Linux"  
10. VERSION="7 (Core)"  
11. ID="centos"  
12. ID\_LIKE="rhel fedora"  
13. VERSION\_ID="7"  
14. PRETTY\_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"  
15. ANSI\_COLOR="0;31"  
16. CPE\_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"  
17. HOME\_URL="https://www.centos.org/"  
18. BUG\_REPORT\_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"  
19.   
20. CENTOS\_MANTISBT\_PROJECT="CentOS-7"  
21. CENTOS\_MANTISBT\_PROJECT\_VERSION="7"  
22. REDHAT\_SUPPORT\_PRODUCT="centos"  
23. REDHAT\_SUPPORT\_PRODUCT\_VERSION="7"  
24.   
25. ::::::::::::::  
26. /etc/redhat-release  
27. ::::::::::::::  
28. CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)   
29. ::::::::::::::  
30. /etc/system-release  
31. ::::::::::::::  
32. CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)

##   1.2核数 ##

cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c

\[html\] [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c  
2.        1  Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6300HQ CPU @ 2.30GHz

1个逻辑CPU，i5型等信息\[html\] [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c  
2.        8  Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E7-4820 v2 @ 2.00GHz

8个逻辑CPU

cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep physical | uniq -c

\[html\] [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep physical | uniq -c  
2.        1 physical id     : 0  
3.        1 address sizes   : 42 bits physical, 48 bits virtual

实际上是一颗一核的CPU\[html\] [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep physical | uniq -c  
2.        1 physical id     : 0  
3.        1 address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual  
4.        1 physical id     : 0  
5.        1 address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual  
6.        1 physical id     : 0  
7.        1 address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual  
8.        1 physical id     : 0  
9.        1 address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual  
10.       1 physical id     : 0  
11.       1 address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual  
12.       1 physical id     : 0  
13.       1 address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual  
14.       1 physical id     : 0  
15.       1 address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual  
16.       1 physical id     : 0  
17.       1 address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual

由8个1核的CPU组成8核

cat /proc/cpuinfo可以看到更为详细的信息

\[html\] [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\# cat /proc/cpuinfo  
2.  processor       : 0  
3.  vendor\_id       : GenuineIntel  
4.  cpu family      : 6  
5.  model           : 94  
6.  model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6300HQ CPU @ 2.30GHz  
7.  stepping        : 3  
8.  microcode       : 0x74  
9.  cpu MHz         : 2304.004  
10. cache size      : 6144 KB  
11. physical id     : 0  
12. siblings        : 1  
13. core id         : 0  
14. cpu cores       : 1  
15. apicid          : 0  
16. initial apicid  : 0  
17. fpu             : yes  
18. fpu\_exception   : yes  
19. cpuid level     : 22  
20. wp              : yes  
21. flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant\_tsc arch\_perfmon pebs bts nopl xtopology tsc\_reliable nonstop\_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4\_1 sse4\_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc\_deadline\_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf\_lm abm 3dnowprefetch ida arat epb pln pts dtherm hwp hwp\_noitfy hwp\_act\_window hwp\_epp fsgsbase tsc\_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid rtm rdseed adx smap xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves  
22. bogomips        : 4608.00  
23. clflush size    : 64  
24. cache\_alignment : 64  
25. address sizes   : 42 bits physical, 48 bits virtual  
26. power management:

## 1.3运行模式 ##

getconf LONG\_BIT  CPU运行在多少位模式下\[html\] [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\# getconf LONG\_BIT  
2.  64

如果是32，说明当前CPU运行在32bit模式下, 但不代表CPU不支持64bit

cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep flags | grep ' lm ' | wc -l 是否支持64位

\[html\] [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep flags | grep ' lm ' | wc -l  
2.  1

结果大于0, 说明支持64bit计算. lm指long mode, 支持lm则是64bit

## 1.4计算机名 ##

hostname

\[html\] [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\# hostname  
2.  localhost.localdomain

## 1.5.查看环境变量 ##

env

\[html\] [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\# env  
2.  XDG\_SESSION\_ID=4  
3.  HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain  
4.  SELINUX\_ROLE\_REQUESTED=  
5.  TERM=vt100  
6.  SHELL=/bin/bash  
7.  HISTSIZE=1000  
8.  SSH\_CLIENT=192.168.174.1 58896 22  
9.  SELINUX\_USE\_CURRENT\_RANGE=  
10. SSH\_TTY=/dev/pts/0  
11. USER=root

## 1.6系统允许多长时间了/负载数 ##

uptime

\[html\] [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \[root@localhost proc\]\# uptime  
2.   10:55:01 up  1:28,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05

1.当前时间10:55:01

2.系统运行了多少时间,1:28（1小时28分)

3.多少个用户,2 users

4.平均负载：0.00, 0.01, 0.05，最近1分钟、5分钟、15分钟系统的负载

直接查看平均负载情况 cat /proc/loadavg

\[html\] [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \[root@localhost proc\]\# cat /proc/loadavg  
2.  0.00 0.01 0.05 4/524 7152

除了前3个数字表示平均进程数量外，后面的1个分数，分母表示系统进程总数，分子表示正在运行的进程数；最后一个数字表示最近运行的进程ID

# 2.资源 #

##   2.1内存 ##

cat /proc/meminfo内存的详细信息

\[html\] [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \[root@localhost proc\]\# cat /proc/meminfo  
2.  MemTotal:        1001332 kB  
3.  MemFree:           99592 kB  
4.  MemAvailable:     420940 kB  
5.  Buffers:            1064 kB  
6.  Cached:           405292 kB  
7.  SwapCached:            0 kB  
8.  Active:           412548 kB  
9.  Inactive:         250192 kB  
10. Active(anon):     205264 kB  
11. Inactive(anon):    58460 kB  
12. Active(file):     207284 kB  
13. Inactive(file):   191732 kB  
14. Unevictable:           0 kB  
15. Mlocked:               0 kB  
16. SwapTotal:       2097148 kB  
17. SwapFree:        2097140 kB  
18. Dirty:                 0 kB  
19. Writeback:             0 kB  
20. AnonPages:        256416 kB  
21. Mapped:           103344 kB  
22. Shmem:              7340 kB  
23. Slab:             126408 kB  
24. SReclaimable:      69912 kB  
25. SUnreclaim:        56496 kB  
26. KernelStack:       10416 kB  
27. PageTables:        15520 kB  
28. NFS\_Unstable:          0 kB  
29. Bounce:                0 kB  
30. WritebackTmp:          0 kB  
31. CommitLimit:     2597812 kB  
32. Committed\_AS:    1578872 kB  
33. VmallocTotal:   34359738367 kB  
34. VmallocUsed:      170756 kB  
35. VmallocChunk:   34359564288 kB  
36. HardwareCorrupted:     0 kB  
37. AnonHugePages:     75776 kB  
38. HugePages\_Total:       0  
39. HugePages\_Free:        0  
40. HugePages\_Rsvd:        0  
41. HugePages\_Surp:        0  
42. Hugepagesize:       2048 kB  
43. DirectMap4k:       73600 kB  
44. DirectMap2M:      974848 kB  
45. DirectMap1G:           0 kB

MemTotal总内存，MemFree可用内存  
 free -m(-m，单位是m，如果是-g，单位是g）查看可用内存\[html\] [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \[root@localhost proc\]\# free -m  
2.                total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available  
3.  Mem:            977         360          97           7         520         411  
4.  Swap:          2047           0        2047

空闲内存total-used=free+buff/cache

# 3.磁盘和分区 #

##   3.1查看各分区使用情况 ##

df -h

\[html\] [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\# df -h  
2.  Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on  
3.  /dev/mapper/centos-root   45G   22G   24G  48% /  
4.  devtmpfs                 906M     0  906M   0% /dev  
5.  tmpfs                    921M   96K  921M   1% /dev/shm  
6.  tmpfs                    921M 1004K  920M   1% /run  
7.  tmpfs                    921M     0  921M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup  
8.  /dev/sda1                497M  195M  303M  40% /boot  
9.  tmpfs                    185M     0  185M   0% /run/user/1001  
10. tmpfs                    185M     0  185M   0% /run/user/0  
11. \[root@localhost ~\]\#

##   3.2查看指定目录的大小 ##

du -sh <目录名>

\[html\] [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\# du -sh /root  
2.  1.2G    /root

## 3.3查看所有分区 ##

fdisk -l

\[html\] [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \[root@localhost proc\]\# fdisk -l  
2.    
3.  磁盘 /dev/sda：32.2 GB, 32212254720 字节，62914560 个扇区  
4.  Units = 扇区 of 1 \* 512 = 512 bytes  
5.  扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节  
6.  I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节  
7.  磁盘标签类型：dos  
8.  磁盘标识符：0x000a0cd4  
9.    
10.    设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System  
11. /dev/sda1   \*        2048     1026047      512000   83  Linux  
12. /dev/sda2         1026048    62914559    30944256   8e  Linux LVM  
13.   
14. 磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-root：29.5 GB, 29490151424 字节，57597952 个扇区  
15. Units = 扇区 of 1 \* 512 = 512 bytes  
16. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节  
17. I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节  
18.   
19.   
20. 磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-swap：2147 MB, 2147483648 字节，4194304 个扇区  
21. Units = 扇区 of 1 \* 512 = 512 bytes  
22. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节  
23. I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节  
24.   
25.   
26. 磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-docker--poolmeta：33 MB, 33554432 字节，65536 个扇区  
27. Units = 扇区 of 1 \* 512 = 512 bytes  
28. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节  
29. I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节  
30.   
31.   
32. 磁盘 /dev/mapper/docker-253:0-101330881-pool：107.4 GB, 107374182400 字节，209715200 个扇区  
33. Units = 扇区 of 1 \* 512 = 512 bytes  
34. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节  
35. I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：65536 字节 / 65536 字节

## 3.4查看所有交换分区 ##

swapon -s

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1.  \[root@localhost proc\]\# swapon -s  
2.  文件名                          类型            大小    已用    权限  
3.  /dev/dm-1                       partition       2097148 8       -1

# 4.网络 #

##   4.1查看所有网络接口的属性 ##

ifconfig

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1.  \[root@localhost proc\]\# ifconfig  
2.  docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500  
3.          inet 172.17.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 0.0.0.0  
4.          ether 02:42:e1:b8:a5:4f  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)  
5.          RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)  
6.          RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0  
7.          TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)  
8.          TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  
9.    
10. eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500  
11.         inet 192.168.174.129  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.174.255  
12.         inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe50:b3b4  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>  
13.         ether 00:0c:29:50:b3:b4  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)  
14.         RX packets 28649  bytes 38411280 (36.6 MiB)  
15.         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0  
16.         TX packets 8937  bytes 1226914 (1.1 MiB)  
17.         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  
18.   
19. lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536  
20.         inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0  
21.         inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>  
22.         loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)  
23.         RX packets 4  bytes 340 (340.0 B)  
24.         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0  
25.         TX packets 4  bytes 340 (340.0 B)  
26.         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  
27.   
28. virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500  
29.         inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255  
30.         ether 00:00:00:00:00:00  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)  
31.         RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)  
32.         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0  
33.         TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)  
34.         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

###  4.2 带宽 ###

ethtool 网卡名  
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1.  \[root@localhost php-tomcat-base\]\# ethtool ens192  
2.  Settings for ens192:  
3.          Supported ports: \[ TP \]  
4.          Supported link modes:   1000baseT/Full   
5.                                  10000baseT/Full   
6.          Supported pause frame use: No  
7.          Supports auto-negotiation: No  
8.          Advertised link modes:  Not reported  
9.          Advertised pause frame use: No  
10.         Advertised auto-negotiation: No  
11.         <span style="color:\#ff0000;">Speed: 10000Mb/s</span>  
12.         Duplex: Full  
13.         Port: Twisted Pair  
14.         PHYAD: 0  
15.         Transceiver: internal  
16.         Auto-negotiation: off  
17.         MDI-X: Unknown  
18.         Supports Wake-on: uag  
19.         Wake-on: d  
20.         Link detected: yes

看Speed

## 4.3查看路由表 ##

route -n

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1.  \[root@localhost proc\]\# route -n  
2.  Kernel IP routing table  
3.  Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface  
4.  0.0.0.0         192.168.174.2   0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0  
5.  172.17.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 docker0  
6.  192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0  
7.  192.168.174.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eth0  
8.  \[root@localhost proc\]\#

##  4.4查看所有监听端口 ##

netstat -lntp  
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1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\# netstat -lntp  
2.  Active Internet connections (only servers)  
3.  Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name      
4.  tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN      743/rpcbind           
5.  tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN      1740/nginx: master    
6.  tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:81              0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN      1740/nginx: master    
7.  tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN      2194/dnsmasq          
8.  tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN      1543/sshd             
9.  tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN      12610/cupsd           
10. tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:40536           0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN      19964/rpc.statd       
11. tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN      2133/master           
12. tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::\*                    LISTEN      743/rpcbind           
13. tcp6       0      0 :::81                   :::\*                    LISTEN      1740/nginx: master    
14. tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::\*                    LISTEN      1543/sshd             
15. tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::\*                    LISTEN      12610/cupsd           
16. tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::\*                    LISTEN      2133/master           
17. tcp6       0      0 :::35420                :::\*                    LISTEN      19964/rpc.statd       
18. \[root@localhost ~\]\#

## 4.5查看所有已经建立的连接 ##

netstat -antp

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1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\# netstat -antp  
2.  Active Internet connections (servers and established)  
3.  Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name      
4.  tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN      743/rpcbind           
5.  tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN      1740/nginx: master    
6.  tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:81              0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN      1740/nginx: master    
7.  tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN      2194/dnsmasq          
8.  tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN      1543/sshd             
9.  tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN      12610/cupsd           
10. tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:40536           0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN      19964/rpc.statd       
11. tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN      2133/master           
12. tcp        0      0 172.31.4.233:22         121.34.147.13:57190     ESTABLISHED 29540/sshd: cavan \[   
13. tcp        0      0 172.31.4.233:22         121.34.147.13:54544     ESTABLISHED 27077/sshd: cavan \[   
14. tcp        0     96 172.31.4.233:22         219.137.32.66:60645     ESTABLISHED 30315/sshd: root@pt   
15. tcp        0      0 172.31.4.233:22         121.34.147.13:56319     ESTABLISHED 28703/sshd: cavan \[   
16. tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::\*                    LISTEN      743/rpcbind           
17. tcp6       0      0 :::81                   :::\*                    LISTEN      1740/nginx: master    
18. tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::\*                    LISTEN      1543/sshd             
19. tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::\*                    LISTEN      12610/cupsd           
20. tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::\*                    LISTEN      2133/master           
21. tcp6       0      0 :::35420                :::\*                    LISTEN      19964/rpc.statd       
22. \[root@localhost ~\]\#

### 4.6 某端口使用情况 ###

lsof -i:端口号

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1.  \[root@localhost mysql\]\# lsof -i:22  
2.  COMMAND  PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME  
3.  sshd    1150 root    3u  IPv4  18264      0t0  TCP \*:ssh (LISTEN)  
4.  sshd    1150 root    4u  IPv6  18273      0t0  TCP \*:ssh (LISTEN)  
5.  sshd    2617 root    3u  IPv4  20437      0t0  TCP localhost.localdomain:ssh->192.168.174.1:60426 (ESTABLISHED)  
6.  \[root@localhost mysql\]\#

或者

netstat -apn|grep 端口号

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1.  \[root@localhost mysql\]\# netstat -apn|grep 22  
2.  tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN      1150/sshd             
3.  tcp        0     96 192.168.174.136:22      192.168.174.1:60426     ESTABLISHED 2617/sshd: root@pts   
4.  tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::\*                    LISTEN      1150/sshd

# 5.进程 #

##   5.1查看所有进程 ##

ps -ef,使用ps -ef|gerp tomcat过滤

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1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\# ps -ef  
2.  UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD  
3.  root          1      0  0 09:26 ?        00:00:03 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 21  
4.  root          2      0  0 09:26 ?        00:00:00 \[kthreadd\]  
5.  root          3      2  0 09:26 ?        00:00:00 \[ksoftirqd/0\]  
6.  root          6      2  0 09:26 ?        00:00:00 \[kworker/u256:0\]  
7.  root          7      2  0 09:26 ?        00:00:00 \[migration/0\]  
8.  root          8      2  0 09:26 ?        00:00:00 \[rcu\_bh\]  
9.  root          9      2  0 09:26 ?        00:00:00 \[rcuob/0\]  
10. root         10      2  0 09:26 ?        00:00:00 \[rcuob/1\]  
11. root         11      2  0 09:26 ?        00:00:00 \[rcuob/2\]  
12. root         12      2  0 09:26 ?        00:00:00 \[rcuob/3\]  
13. root         13      2  0 09:26 ?        00:00:00 \[rcuob/4\]  
14. root         14      2  0 09:26 ?        00:00:00 \[rcuob/5\]  
15. root         15      2  0 09:26 ?        00:00:00 \[rcuob/6\]  
16. root         16      2

ps -aux可以看到进程占用CPU,内存情况

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1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\# ps -aux  
2.  USER        PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND  
3.  root          1  0.0  0.6 126124  6792 ?        Ss   09:26   0:03 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 21  
4.  root          2  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    09:26   0:00 \[kthreadd\]  
5.  root          3  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    09:26   0:00 \[ksoftirqd/0\]  
6.  root          6  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    09:26   0:00 \[kworker/u256:0\]  
7.  root          7  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    09:26   0:00 \[migration/0\]  
8.  root          8  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    09:26   0:00 \[rcu\_bh\]  
9.  root          9  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    09:26   0:00 \[rcuob/0\]  
10. root         10  0.

## 5.2实时显示进程状态 ##

top

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1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\# top  
2.  top - 11:29:02 up  2:02,  2 users,  load average: 0.12, 0.04, 0.05  
3.  Tasks: 408 total,   2 running, 406 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie  
4.  %Cpu(s):  1.3 us,  0.3 sy,  0.0 ni, 98.3 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st  
5.  KiB Mem :  1001332 total,    92184 free,   370332 used,   538816 buff/cache  
6.  KiB Swap:  2097148 total,  2097140 free,        8 used.   419124 avail Mem   
7.    
8.     PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                                                                                                                
9.    3001 gdm       20   0 1419364 122996  45860 S  1.0 12.3   0:06.50 gnome-shell                                                                                                            
10.    276 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.3  0.0   0:09.72 kworker/0:1                                                                                                            
11.   3765 root      20   0  142864   5128   3876 S  0.3  0.5   0:00.77 sshd                                                                                                                   
12.   7740 root      20   0  146452   2384   1432 R  0.3  0.2   0:00.17 top                                                                                                                    
13.      1 root      20   0  126124   6792   3912 S  0.0  0.7   0:03.58 systemd                                                                                                                
14.      2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.03 kthreadd                                                                                                               
15.      3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.37 ksoftirqd/0                                                                                                            
16.      6 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.39 kworker/u256:0                                                                                                         
17.      7 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 migration/0                                                                                                            
18.      8 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcu\_bh                                                                                                                 
19.      9 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcuob/0                                                                                                                
20.     10 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcuob/1                                                                                                                
21.     11 root      20   0       0

# 6.用户 #

##   6.1查看活动用户 ##

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1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\# w  
2.   11:32:36 up 72 days, 20:50,  3 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05  
3.  USER     TTY      FROM             LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT  
4.  cavan    pts/0    121.34.147.13    09:47    1:14m  0.17s  0.17s sshd: cavan \[priv\]    
5.  root     pts/1    219.137.32.66    11:19    4.00s  0.05s  0.00s w  
6.  cavan    pts/3    121.34.147.13    10:14   20:44   0.38s  0.11s vim Dockerfile  
7.  \[root@localhost ~\]\#

## 6.2查看指定用户的信息 ##

id <用户名>

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1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\# id root  
2.  uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)  
3.  \[root@localhost ~\]\# id cavan  
4.  uid=1001(cavan) gid=1001(cavan) groups=1001(cavan)  
5.  \[root@localhost ~\]\#

## 6.3查看用户登录日志 ##

last

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1.  \[root@localhost 1\]\# last  
2.  root     pts/0        192.168.174.1    Mon Oct 24 09:51   still logged in     
3.  (unknown :0           :0               Mon Oct 24 09:27   still logged in     
4.  reboot   system boot  3.10.0-327.el7.x Mon Oct 24 09:26 - 11:35  (02:09)      
5.  root     pts/0        192.168.174.1    Fri Oct 21 09:41 - 18:44  (09:03)      
6.  (unknown :0           :0               Fri Oct 21 09:15 - 18:44  (09:28)      
7.  reboot   system boot  3.10.0-327.el7.x Fri Oct 21 09:15 - 11:35 (3+02:20)     
8.  root     pts/1        192.168.174.1    Thu Oct 20 10:05 - 18:13  (08:08)      
9.  root     pts/0

## 6.4查看系统所有用户 ##

cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd

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1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\# cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd  
2.  root  
3.  bin  
4.  daemon  
5.  adm  
6.  lp  
7.  sync  
8.  shutdown  
9.  halt  
10. mail  
11. operator  
12. games  
13. ftp  
14. nobody  
15. dbus  
16. polkitd  
17. abrt  
18. unbound  
19. colord  
20. usbmuxd  
21. ntp

# [https://blog.csdn.net/u012841092/article/details/73920648][https_blog.csdn.net_u012841092_article_details_73920648] #

**[CentOS][]查看系统信息**

一：查看CPU

more /proc/cpuinfo | grep "model name"

grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo

如果觉得需要看的更加舒服

grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo | cut -f2 -d:

![20181228090402980][]

怎么样，linux的命令就要这样熟悉。

\# 总核数 = 物理CPU个数 X 每颗物理CPU的核数   
\# 总逻辑CPU数 = 物理CPU个数 X 每颗物理CPU的核数 X 超线程数

\# 查看物理CPU个数  
cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "physical id"| sort| uniq| wc -l

\# 查看每个物理CPU中core的个数(即核数)  
cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "cpu cores"| uniq

\# 查看逻辑CPU的个数  
cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"| wc -l

二：查看内存

grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo | cut -f2 -d:

free -m |grep "Mem" | awk '\{print $2\}'

三：查看cpu是32位还是64位

查看CPU位数(32 or 64)

\#getconf LONG\_BIT

\#echo $HOSTTYPE

\#uname -a

四：查看当前linux的版本

\#more /etc/[RedHat][]\-release

\#cat /etc/redhat-release

五：查看内核版本

\#uname -r

\#uname -a

六：查看当前时间

date

七：查看硬盘和分区

df -h

![2018122809040332][]

fdisk -l

也可以查看分区

du -sh

可以看到全部占用的空间

du /etc -sh

可以看到这个目录的大小

八：查看安装的软件包

查看系统安装的时候装的软件包

cat -n /root/install.log

more /root/install.log | wc -l

查看现在已经安装了那些软件包

rpm -qa

rpm -qa | wc -l

yum list installed | wc -l

不过很奇怪，我通过rpm，和yum这两种方式查询的安装软件包，数量并不一样。没有找到原因。

九：查看键盘布局

cat /etc/sysconfig/keyboard

cat /etc/sysconfig/keyboard | grep KEYTABLE | cut -f2 -d=

十：查看selinux情况

sestatus

sestatus | cut -f2 -d:

cat /etc/sysconfig/selinux

十一：查看ip，mac地址

在ifcfg-eth0 文件里你可以看到mac，网关等信息。

ifconfig

cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 | grep IPADDR

cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 | grep IPADDR | cut -f2 -d=

ifconfig eth0 |grep "inet addr:" |awk '\{print $2\}'|cut -c 6-

ifconfig  | grep 'inet addr:'| grep -v '127.0.0.1' | cut -d: -f2 | awk '\{ print $1\}'

查看网关

cat /etc/sysconfig/network

查看dns

cat /etc/resolv.conf

十二：查看默认语言

echo $LANG $LANGUAGE

cat /etc/sysconfig/i18n

十三：查看所属时区和是否使用UTC时间

cat /etc/sysconfig/clock

十四：查看主机名

hostname

cat /etc/sysconfig/network

修改主机名就是修改这个文件，同时最好也把host文件也修改

[https_www.cnblogs.com_zy-plan_p_8617202.html]: https://www.cnblogs.com/zy-plan/p/8617202.html
[CentOS]: http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=14
[20150715000456626]: /images/20220402/6c66a514979b429aa54f45630eee2cf5.png
[view plain]: http://blog.csdn.net/dream_broken/article/details/52883883#
[https_blog.csdn.net_u012841092_article_details_73920648]: https://blog.csdn.net/u012841092/article/details/73920648
[20181228090402980]: /images/20220402/4be3df730f354710ac28b15282f6d65f.png
[RedHat]: http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=10
[2018122809040332]: /images/20220402/b71c92d4647b40dbbdbfe6e5cf54fb6f.png