docker之dockerfile详细学习1

末蓝、 2022-04-10 06:09 321阅读 0赞

制作容器  
    基于容器做镜像  
    dockerfile  
===============================================  
Dockerfile Format  
1、不区分大小写  
2、从上倒下执行（非注释行）  
3、必须指定一个基础镜像  
formart  
   \#comment  
   INSTRUCTION arguments  
===============================================  
工作逻辑  
    专用目录  
    Dockerfile首字母大写，在Dockerfile中不区分大小写，推大写  
    需要引用的文件必须是当前目录或者之下的目录  
    .dockeringore--排除，排除之后就不再打包到容器  
    docker build

指令  
FROM --最重要的，第一个非注释的行，用于为映像文件构建过程指定的基准镜像。默认情况docker build会在docker主机上查找镜像文件，如果不存在去Docker hub Registry上拉。  
MAINTANIER(depreacted)--用于提供相关信息  
LABEL--用于提供相关信息 替代MAINTANIER  
COPY--用于从Docker主机复制文件到创建的新映像文件 COPY src ..des或者 COPY \["src"  "dest"\]，目录自己不会被复制，下面的文件或者字幕了会被复制。  
ADD--类是于copy指令，ADD支持使用tar文件和url路径，同copy、解压、URL（直接下载）build使用默认值  
WORKDIR--指出目录相当于环境变量   工作目录      
VOLUME--用于在image中创建挂载点    
EXPOSE--暴露端口,不是直接暴露，如果需要暴露需要加-P，默认是tcp  
ENV--用于为镜像定位所需要的环境变量，并可被Dockerfile文件中位于其后的其他指令所调用 ENV key value或者ENV key=value..key1=value1...

两者都是运行命令的  
RUN--当你基于dockerfile构建镜像时,docker build过程。RUN逐一运行  
CMD--用于把镜像启动为容器时，docker run过程  CMD只能有一个生效。CMD command     
ENTRYPOINT-类是CMD，用于为容器指定默认运行程序，和CMD不同的是不会被docker run中的命令覆盖。和CMD联合使用，这样可以传参数，shell可以使用  
USER--用于指定运行image时活运行Dockerfile中任何RUN、CMD、ENTRYPOINT指令指定的程序的用户名和UID,默认情况下container运行身份是root  
HEALTHCHECK--健康状态检查，默认30s检查一次，timeout时间30s  0（success）、1（unhealthy）、2（reserved）

shell--运行程序默程序，使用的较少  
STOHSIGNAL--发送信号给容器 使用较少  
ARG--和ENV很像，只是在build过程中使用，--build-arg，一个dcokerfile使用较多的场景  
ONBUILD--用于dockerfile中定义触发器，延时执行，做成一个镜像，被别人用作基础竟像的时候执行，onbuild不能自我嵌套，而且不能触发FROM和MAINTAINER指令。

注意  
    能把一条指令成一条，尽量一条  
    json数组中要使用双引号  
      
以下是一条一条指令实验  
==============================================  
实验  
\[root@localhost ~\]\# mkdir img1  
\[root@localhost ~\]\# cd img1  
\[root@localhost img1\]\# vi Dockerfile  
\#Des:test image  
FROM busy:latest  
MAINTAINER "wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
\#LABEL maintainer="wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
COPY index.html /data/web/html/  
\[root@localhost img1\]\# docker build -h  
Flag shorthand -h has been deprecated, please use --help

Usage:    docker build \[OPTIONS\] PATH | URL | -

Build an image from a Dockerfile

Options:  
      --add-host list           Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)  
      --build-arg list          Set build-time variables  
      --cache-from strings      Images to consider as cache sources  
      --cgroup-parent string    Optional parent cgroup for the container  
      --compress                Compress the build context using gzip  
      --cpu-period int          Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period  
      --cpu-quota int           Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota  
  -c, --cpu-shares int          CPU shares (relative weight)  
      --cpuset-cpus string      CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)  
      --cpuset-mems string      MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)  
      --disable-content-trust   Skip image verification (default true)  
  -f, --file string             Name of the Dockerfile (Default is 'PATH/Dockerfile')  
      --force-rm                Always remove intermediate containers  
      --iidfile string          Write the image ID to the file  
      --isolation string        Container isolation technology  
      --label list              Set metadata for an image  
  -m, --memory bytes            Memory limit  
      --memory-swap bytes       Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap  
      --network string          Set the networking mode for the RUN instructions during build (default "default")  
      --no-cache                Do not use cache when building the image  
      --pull                    Always attempt to pull a newer version of the image  
  -q, --quiet                   Suppress the build output and print image ID on success  
      --rm                      Remove intermediate containers after a successful build (default true)  
      --security-opt strings    Security options  
      --shm-size bytes          Size of /dev/shm  
  -t, --tag list                Name and optionally a tag in the 'name:tag' format  
      --target string           Set the target build stage to build.  
      --ulimit ulimit           Ulimit options (default \[\])  
开始构建  
\[root@localhost img1\]\# docker build -t wolfhttpd:v0.1-1 ./    -t直接打上tag  
Sending build context to Docker daemon  3.072kB  
Step 1/3 : FROM busybox:latest  
 ---> 59788edf1f3e  
Step 2/3 : MAINTAINER "wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
 ---> Running in 3d8b6d6624f6  
Removing intermediate container 3d8b6d6624f6  
 ---> 6eab500a1260  
Step 3/3 : COPY index.html /data/web/html/  
 ---> 889882d019f9  
Successfully built 889882d019f9  
Successfully tagged wolfhttpd:v0.1-1  
查看  
\[root@localhost img1\]\# docker images  
REPOSITORY                                             TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE  
wolfhttpd                                              v0.1-1              889882d019f9        42 seconds ago      1.15MB  
查看是否成功  
\[root@localhost img1\]\# docker run --name wolfweb01 --rm wolfhttpd:v0.1-1 cat /data/web/html/index.html  
<h1>wolf container no 1</h1>  
\[root@localhost img1\]\#   
\----------------------------------------  
实验2  
\[root@localhost img1\]\# ll  
total 12  
\-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  186 Dec 26 22:43 Dockerfile  
\-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   29 Dec 26 22:34 index.html  
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec 26 22:42 yum.repos.d  
\[root@localhost img1\]\# cat Dockerfile   
\#Des:test image  
FROM busybox:latest  
MAINTAINER "wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
\#LABEL maintainer="wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
COPY index.html /data/web/html/  
COPY yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d/             加一行，这里目录如果相同，尽量和上一条整合，这里惜字如金

\[root@localhost img1\]\# docker build -t wolfhttpd:v0.1-2 ./  
Sending build context to Docker daemon  20.48kB  
Step 1/4 : FROM busybox:latest  
 ---> 59788edf1f3e  
Step 2/4 : MAINTAINER "wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> 6eab500a1260  
Step 3/4 : COPY index.html /data/web/html/  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> 889882d019f9  
Step 4/4 : COPY yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d/  
 ---> bd5594568203  
Successfully built bd5594568203  
Successfully tagged wolfhttpd:v0.1-2  
\[root@localhost img1\]\# docker run --name wolfweb01 --rm wolfhttpd:v0.1-2 ls /etc/yum.repos.d/  
CentOS-Base.repo  
CentOS-CR.repo  
CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  
CentOS-Media.repo  
CentOS-Sources.repo  
CentOS-Vault.repo  
CentOS-fasttrack.repo  
docker-ce.repo  
\[root@localhost img1\]\#   
\--------------------------------------------  
实验3  
\[root@localhost img1\]\# cat Dockerfile   
\#Des:test image  
FROM busybox:latest  
MAINTAINER "wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
\#LABEL maintainer="wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
COPY index.html /data/web/html/  
COPY yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d/  
ADD http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz /usr/local/src/  
\[root@localhost img1\]\# docker build -t wolfhttpd:v0.1-3 ./  
Sending build context to Docker daemon  20.48kB  
Step 1/5 : FROM busybox:latest  
 ---> 59788edf1f3e  
Step 2/5 : MAINTAINER "wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> 6eab500a1260  
Step 3/5 : COPY index.html /data/web/html/  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> 889882d019f9  
Step 4/5 : COPY yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d/  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> bd5594568203  
Step 5/5 : ADD http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz /usr/local/src/  
Downloading \[==================================================>\]  1.028MB/1.028MB  
 ---> ad866f098832  
Successfully built ad866f098832  
Successfully tagged wolfhttpd:v0.1-3  
\[root@localhost img1\]\# docker run --name wolfweb01 --rm wolfhttpd:v0.1-3 ls /usr/local/src  
nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz  
\---------------------------------------------  
实验4  
\#Des:test image  
FROM busybox:latest  
MAINTAINER "wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
\#LABEL maintainer="wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
COPY index.html /data/web/html/  
COPY yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d/  
\#ADD http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz /usr/local/src/  
ADD nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz /usr/local/src/                                   相当与直接tar -xzvf -C

\[root@localhost img1\]\# docker build -t wolfhttpd:v0.1-4 ./  
Sending build context to Docker daemon  1.049MB  
Step 1/5 : FROM busybox:latest  
 ---> 59788edf1f3e  
Step 2/5 : MAINTAINER "wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> 6eab500a1260  
Step 3/5 : COPY index.html /data/web/html/  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> 889882d019f9  
Step 4/5 : COPY yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d/  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> bd5594568203  
Step 5/5 : ADD nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz /usr/local/src/  
 ---> 7d6d799fd70e  
Successfully built 7d6d799fd70e  
Successfully tagged wolfhttpd:v0.1-4  
\[root@localhost img1\]\# docker run --name wolfweb01 --rm wolfhttpd:v0.1-3 ls /usr/local/src  
nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz  
\[root@localhost img1\]\# docker run --name wolfweb01 --rm wolfhttpd:v0.1-4 ls /usr/local/src  
nginx-1.15.8  
\[root@localhost img1\]\# docker run --name wolfweb01 --rm wolfhttpd:v0.1-4 ls /usr/local/src/nginx-1.15.8  
CHANGES  
CHANGES.ru  
LICENSE  
README  
auto  
conf  
configure  
contrib  
html  
man  
src  
\------------------------------------------------  
实验5  
\#Des:test image  
FROM busybox:latest  
MAINTAINER "wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
\#LABEL maintainer="wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
COPY index.html /data/web/html/  
COPY yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d/  
\#ADD http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz /usr/local/src/  
WORKDIR /usr/local/src  
ADD nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz ./      
\---------------------------------------------  
实验6  
\[root@localhost img1\]\# cat Dockerfile   
\#Des:test image  
FROM busybox:latest  
MAINTAINER "wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
\#LABEL maintainer="wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
COPY index.html /data/web/html/  
COPY yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d/  
\#ADD http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz /usr/local/src/  
WORKDIR /usr/local/  
ADD nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz ./src/  
VOLUME /data/mysql/

\[root@localhost img1\]\# docker build -t wolfhttpd:v0.1-5 ./  
Sending build context to Docker daemon  1.049MB  
Step 1/7 : FROM busybox:latest  
 ---> 59788edf1f3e  
Step 2/7 : MAINTAINER "wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> 6eab500a1260  
Step 3/7 : COPY index.html /data/web/html/  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> 889882d019f9  
Step 4/7 : COPY yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d/  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> bd5594568203  
Step 5/7 : WORKDIR /usr/local/  
 ---> Running in e24c83599eb5  
Removing intermediate container e24c83599eb5  
 ---> 12096bece293  
Step 6/7 : ADD nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz ./src/  
 ---> 71446b44e1ec  
Step 7/7 : VOLUME /data/mysql/  
 ---> Running in ae36a4d7a641  
Removing intermediate container ae36a4d7a641  
 ---> af03cafbdaf9  
Successfully built af03cafbdaf9  
Successfully tagged wolfhttpd:v0.1-5  
\[root@localhost img1\]\# docker run --name wolfweb01 --rm wolfhttpd:v0.1-5 mount  
rootfs on / type rootfs (rw)  
/dev/mapper/docker-253:0-67471500-bbdfc0105478f9acc328e239abbde32f0b21f55e3b5eb3e9fbab445465c424e9 on / type xfs (rw,seclabel,relatime,nouuid,attr2,inode64,logbsize=64k,sunit=128,swidth=128,noquota)  
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)  
tmpfs on /dev type tmpfs (rw,seclabel,nosuid,size=65536k,mode=755)  
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,seclabel,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=666)  
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (ro,seclabel,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)  
tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,seclabel,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,mode=755)  
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,release\_agent=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd)  
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuacct,cpu)  
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)  
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices)  
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/perf\_event type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf\_event)  
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/net\_cls type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net\_cls)  
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)  
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory)  
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,hugetlb)  
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)  
mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,seclabel,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)  
/dev/mapper/centos-root on /data/mysql type xfs (rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota)    这里挂载上了 或者使用docker inspect 命令查看  
/dev/mapper/centos-root on /etc/resolv.conf type xfs (rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota)  
/dev/mapper/centos-root on /etc/hostname type xfs (rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota)  
/dev/mapper/centos-root on /etc/hosts type xfs (rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota)  
shm on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,seclabel,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=65536k)  
proc on /proc/bus type proc (ro,relatime)  
proc on /proc/fs type proc (ro,relatime)  
proc on /proc/irq type proc (ro,relatime)  
proc on /proc/sys type proc (ro,relatime)  
proc on /proc/sysrq-trigger type proc (ro,relatime)  
tmpfs on /proc/acpi type tmpfs (ro,seclabel,relatime)  
tmpfs on /proc/kcore type tmpfs (rw,seclabel,nosuid,size=65536k,mode=755)  
tmpfs on /proc/keys type tmpfs (rw,seclabel,nosuid,size=65536k,mode=755)  
tmpfs on /proc/timer\_list type tmpfs (rw,seclabel,nosuid,size=65536k,mode=755)  
tmpfs on /proc/timer\_stats type tmpfs (rw,seclabel,nosuid,size=65536k,mode=755)  
tmpfs on /proc/sched\_debug type tmpfs (rw,seclabel,nosuid,size=65536k,mode=755)  
tmpfs on /proc/scsi type tmpfs (ro,seclabel,relatime)  
tmpfs on /sys/firmware type tmpfs (ro,seclabel,relatime)  
\[root@localhost img1\]\# docker run --name wolfweb01 --rm wolfhttpd:v0.1-5 sleep 60

\[root@localhost img1\]\# docker run --name wolfweb01 --rm wolfhttpd:v0.1-5 sleep 60  
\[root@localhost img1\]\# docker inspect wolfhttpd      
\-------------------------------------------------  
实验7  
\[root@localhost img1\]\# cat Dockerfile   
\#Des:test image  
FROM busybox:latest  
MAINTAINER "wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
\#LABEL maintainer="wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
COPY index.html /data/web/html/  
COPY yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d/  
\#ADD http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz /usr/local/src/  
WORKDIR /usr/local/  
ADD nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz ./src/  
VOLUME /data/mysql/  
EXPOSE 80/tcp                               默认是tcp，不加/tcp也是tcp  
\[root@localhost img1\]\# docker build -t wolfhttpd:v0.1-6 ./  
Sending build context to Docker daemon  1.049MB  
Step 1/8 : FROM busybox:latest  
 ---> 59788edf1f3e  
Step 2/8 : MAINTAINER "wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> 6eab500a1260  
Step 3/8 : COPY index.html /data/web/html/  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> 889882d019f9  
Step 4/8 : COPY yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d/  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> bd5594568203  
Step 5/8 : WORKDIR /usr/local/  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> 12096bece293  
Step 6/8 : ADD nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz ./src/  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> 71446b44e1ec  
Step 7/8 : VOLUME /data/mysql/  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> af03cafbdaf9  
Step 8/8 : EXPOSE 80/tcp  
 ---> Running in aae5fffbe049  
Removing intermediate container aae5fffbe049  
 ---> 44c7bf47977c  
Successfully built 44c7bf47977c  
Successfully tagged wolfhttpd:v0.1-6  
\[root@localhost img1\]\# docker run --name wolfweb01 --rm wolfhttpd:v0.1-6 /bin/httpd -f -h /data/web/html   
\[root@master ~\]\# docker inspect -f \{ \{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress\}\} wolfweb01  
172.17.0.6  
换个窗口curl  
\[root@master ~\]\# curl 172.17.0.6  
<h1>wolf container no 1</h1>      
\[root@master ~\]\# docker port wolfweb01       这里并没有暴露端口，所以这里只能本机通过本机访问  
\-------------------------------------------------  
实验8    真正暴露端口-P  
\[root@master img1\]\# docker run --name wolfweb01 --rm -P wolfhttpd:v0.1-6 /bin/httpd -f -h /data/web/html   
\[root@master ~\]\# docker port wolfweb01  
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32768              
这是浏览器访问http://10.249.100.206:32768/   
\-------------------------------------------------  
实验9  
\[root@master img1\]\# cat Dockerfile   
\#Des:test image  
FROM busybox:latest  
MAINTAINER "wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
\#LABEL maintainer="wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
ENV DOC\_ROOT=/data/web/html/ \\  
    WEB\_SERVER\_PACKAGE="nginx-1.15.8"  
COPY index.html $\{DOC\_ROOT:-/data/web/html/\}   这样写是怕没有这个目录  
\#COPY index.html /data/web/html/  
COPY yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d/  
\#ADD http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz /usr/local/src/  
WORKDIR /usr/local/  
\#ADD nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz ./src/  
ADD $\{WEB\_SERVER\_PACKAGE\}.tar.gz ./src/  
VOLUME /data/mysql/  
EXPOSE 80/tcp

\[root@master img1\]\# docker build -t wolfhttpd:0.1-7 ./  
Sending build context to Docker daemon  1.049MB  
Step 1/9 : FROM busybox:latest  
 ---> 758ec7f3a1ee  
Step 2/9 : MAINTAINER "wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> ac9b8947e7a1  
Step 3/9 : ENV DOC\_ROOT=/data/web/html/     WEB\_SERVER\_PACKAGE="nginx-1.15.8"  
 ---> Running in 38efbb376b04  
Removing intermediate container 38efbb376b04  
 ---> 8810786c11b6  
Step 4/9 : COPY index.html $\{DOC\_ROOT:-/data/web/html/\}  
 ---> 9f57c2ee48bf  
Step 5/9 : COPY yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d/  
 ---> 99cbe9167ad6  
Step 6/9 : WORKDIR /usr/local/  
 ---> Running in 920d94f8ea09  
Removing intermediate container 920d94f8ea09  
 ---> ea1b2f88aef7  
Step 7/9 : ADD $\{WEB\_SERVER\_PACKAGE\}.tar.gz ./src/  
 ---> 4979716938e1  
Step 8/9 : VOLUME /data/mysql/  
 ---> Running in e1d09b8aba0e  
Removing intermediate container e1d09b8aba0e  
 ---> 34345593b60c  
Step 9/9 : EXPOSE 80/tcp  
 ---> Running in 53472b7b520a  
Removing intermediate container 53472b7b520a  
 ---> 0e2df844f402  
Successfully built 0e2df844f402  
Successfully tagged wolfhttpd:0.1-7  
\[root@master img1\]\# docker run --name wolfweb01 --rm -P wolfhttpd:0.1-7 ls /usr/local/src/  
nginx-1.15.8  
\[root@master img1\]\# docker run --name wolfweb01 --rm -P wolfhttpd:0.1-7 ls /usr/local/src/nginx-1.15.8/  
CHANGES  
CHANGES.ru  
LICENSE  
README  
auto  
conf  
configure  
contrib  
html  
man  
src  
\[root@master img1\]\# docker run --name wolfweb01 --rm -P wolfhttpd:0.1-7 ls /data/web/html  
index.html  
\----------------------------------------------------  
实验10  
\[root@master img1\]\# docker run --help

Usage:    docker run \[OPTIONS\] IMAGE \[COMMAND\] \[ARG...\]

Run a command in a new container

Options:  
      --add-host list                  Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)  
  -a, --attach list                    Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR  
      --blkio-weight uint16            Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)  
      --blkio-weight-device list       Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default \[\])  
      --cap-add list                   Add Linux capabilities  
      --cap-drop list                  Drop Linux capabilities  
      --cgroup-parent string           Optional parent cgroup for the container  
      --cidfile string                 Write the container ID to the file  
      --cpu-period int                 Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period  
      --cpu-quota int                  Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota  
      --cpu-rt-period int              Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds  
      --cpu-rt-runtime int             Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds  
  -c, --cpu-shares int                 CPU shares (relative weight)  
      --cpus decimal                   Number of CPUs  
      --cpuset-cpus string             CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)  
      --cpuset-mems string             MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)  
  -d, --detach                         Run container in background and print container ID  
      --detach-keys string             Override the key sequence for detaching a container  
      --device list                    Add a host device to the container  
      --device-cgroup-rule list        Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list  
      --device-read-bps list           Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default \[\])  
      --device-read-iops list          Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default \[\])  
      --device-write-bps list          Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default \[\])  
      --device-write-iops list         Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default \[\])  
      --disable-content-trust          Skip image verification (default true)  
      --dns list                       Set custom DNS servers  
      --dns-option list                Set DNS options  
      --dns-search list                Set custom DNS search domains  
      --entrypoint string              Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image  
  -e, --env list                       Set environment variables                          这里也可以传值  
      --env-file list                  Read in a file of environment variables  
      --expose list                    Expose a port or a range of ports  
      --group-add list                 Add additional groups to join  
      --health-cmd string              Command to run to check health  
      --health-interval duration       Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)  
      --health-retries int             Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy  
      --health-start-period duration   Start period for the container to initialize before starting health-retries countdown (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)  
      --health-timeout duration        Maximum time to allow one check to run (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)  
      --help                           Print usage  
  -h, --hostname string                Container host name  
      --init                           Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes  
  -i, --interactive                    Keep STDIN open even if not attached  
      --ip string                      IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)  
      --ip6 string                     IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)  
      --ipc string                     IPC mode to use  
      --isolation string               Container isolation technology  
      --kernel-memory bytes            Kernel memory limit  
  -l, --label list                     Set meta data on a container  
      --label-file list                Read in a line delimited file of labels  
      --link list                      Add link to another container  
      --link-local-ip list             Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses  
      --log-driver string              Logging driver for the container  
      --log-opt list                   Log driver options  
      --mac-address string             Container MAC address (e.g., 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)  
  -m, --memory bytes                   Memory limit  
      --memory-reservation bytes       Memory soft limit  
      --memory-swap bytes              Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap  
      --memory-swappiness int          Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1)  
      --mount mount                    Attach a filesystem mount to the container  
      --name string                    Assign a name to the container  
      --network string                 Connect a container to a network (default "default")  
      --network-alias list             Add network-scoped alias for the container  
      --no-healthcheck                 Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK  
      --oom-kill-disable               Disable OOM Killer  
      --oom-score-adj int              Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)  
      --pid string                     PID namespace to use  
      --pids-limit int                 Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)  
      --privileged                     Give extended privileges to this container  
  -p, --publish list                   Publish a container's port(s) to the host  
  -P, --publish-all                    Publish all exposed ports to random ports  
      --read-only                      Mount the container's root filesystem as read only  
      --restart string                 Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no")  
      --rm                             Automatically remove the container when it exits  
      --runtime string                 Runtime to use for this container  
      --security-opt list              Security Options  
      --shm-size bytes                 Size of /dev/shm  
      --sig-proxy                      Proxy received signals to the process (default true)  
      --stop-signal string             Signal to stop a container (default "SIGTERM")  
      --stop-timeout int               Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container  
      --storage-opt list               Storage driver options for the container  
      --sysctl map                     Sysctl options (default map\[\])  
      --tmpfs list                     Mount a tmpfs directory  
  -t, --tty                            Allocate a pseudo-TTY  
      --ulimit ulimit                  Ulimit options (default \[\])  
  -u, --user string                    Username or UID (format: <name|uid>\[:<group|gid>\])  
      --userns string                  User namespace to use  
      --uts string                     UTS namespace to use  
  -v, --volume list                    Bind mount a volume  
      --volume-driver string           Optional volume driver for the container  
      --volumes-from list              Mount volumes from the specified container(s)  
  -w, --workdir string                 Working directory inside the container  
    
\[root@master img1\]\# docker run --name wolfweb01 --rm -P wolfhttpd:0.1-7 printenv  
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin  
HOSTNAME=31c4d234e43f  
DOC\_ROOT=/data/web/html/  
WEB\_SERVER\_PACKAGE=nginx-1.15.8  
HOME=/root

直接使用-e，直接向环境变量赋值  
\[root@master img1\]\# docker run --name wolfweb01 --rm -P -e WEB\_SERVER\_PACKAGE="nginx-1.15.1" wolfhttpd:0.1-7 printenv      
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin  
HOSTNAME=2fadc00a9a21  
WEB\_SERVER\_PACKAGE=nginx-1.15.1  
DOC\_ROOT=/data/web/html/  
HOME=/root

dockerfile优先，走dockerfile，因为已经build了 记成事实  
\[root@master img1\]\# docker run --name wolfweb01 --rm -P -e WEB\_SERVER\_PACKAGE="nginx-1.15.1" wolfhttpd:0.1-7 ls /usr/local/src  
nginx-1.15.8  
\------------------------------------------  
实验11  
\[root@master img1\]\# cat Dockerfile   
\#Des:test image  
FROM busybox:latest  
MAINTAINER "wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
\#LABEL maintainer="wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"

ENV DOC\_ROOT=/data/web/html/ \\  
    WEB\_SERVER\_PACKAGE="nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz"  
COPY index.html $\{DOC\_ROOT:-/data/web/html/\}  
\#COPY index.html /data/web/html/  
COPY yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d/  
ADD http://nginx.org/download/$\{WEB\_SERVER\_PACKAGE\} /usr/local/src/  
WORKDIR /usr/local/

\#ADD nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz ./src/  
\#ADD $\{WEB\_SERVER\_PACKAGE\}.tar.gz ./src/  
VOLUME /data/mysql/  
EXPOSE 80/tcp

RUN cd /usr/local/src && \\  
    tar -xf $\{WEB\_SERVER\_PACKAGE\}  
\[root@master img1\]\# docker build -t wolfhttpd:v0.1-9 ./  
Sending build context to Docker daemon   1.05MB  
Step 1/10 : FROM busybox:latest  
 ---> 758ec7f3a1ee  
Step 2/10 : MAINTAINER "wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> ac9b8947e7a1  
Step 3/10 : ENV DOC\_ROOT=/data/web/html/     WEB\_SERVER\_PACKAGE="nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz"  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> bbf1510d7a94  
Step 4/10 : COPY index.html $\{DOC\_ROOT:-/data/web/html/\}  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> 6330c422bc8d  
Step 5/10 : COPY yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d/  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> 1190a7ace558  
Step 6/10 : ADD http://nginx.org/download/$\{WEB\_SERVER\_PACKAGE\} /usr/local/src/  
Downloading \[==================================================>\]  1.028MB/1.028MB  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> b2f8fae1ec81  
Step 7/10 : WORKDIR /usr/local/  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> dc6a8cfe7d8b  
Step 8/10 : VOLUME /data/mysql/  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> 0ecf0c724a3d  
Step 9/10 : EXPOSE 80/tcp  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> d579c948cd22  
Step 10/10 : RUN cd /usr/local/src &&     tar -xf $\{WEB\_SERVER\_PACKAGE\}  
 ---> Running in ae65619e7d1a  
Removing intermediate container ae65619e7d1a  
 ---> fe92824fb737  
Successfully built fe92824fb737  
Successfully tagged wolfhttpd:v0.1-9  
\[root@master img1\]\# docker run --name wolfweb01 --rm -P -it wolfhttpd:v0.1-9 ls /usr/local/src/  
nginx-1.15.8         nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz  
\-----------------------------------------------  
\#Des:test image  
FROM centos  
MAINTAINER "wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
\#LABEL maintainer="wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
RUN yum install -y epel-release && yum  makecache && yum install nginx  
\-----------------------------------------------  
shell是内核解释器  
RUN command   command通常是一个shell命令，且以/bin/sh -c来运行它，这时pid不为1,容器不能接受unix信号。  
RUN \["<executable>"，"<param1>","<param2>"\]  这里就是pid为1

实验12  
\[root@master img2\]\# cat Dockerfile   
FROM busybox  
LABEL maintainer="MageEdu <1098331428@qq.com>" app="httpd"

ENV WEB\_DOC\_ROOT="/data/web/html/"

RUN mkdir -p $WEB\_DOC\_ROOT && \\  
    echo '<h1>busybox httpd server.</h1>' > $\{WEB\_DOC\_ROOT\}/index.html

CMD /bin/httpd -f -h $\{WEB\_DOC\_ROOT\}

\[root@master img2\]\# docker build -t wolfhttpdv:v0.2-1 ./

这条命令卡住  
\[root@master img2\]\# docker run --name wolfweb2 --rm -P -it wolfhttpdv:v0.2-1     这里默认运行pid 1不是shell ，是httpd，不会自动进行交互式接口通信，必须使用exec

\[root@master img2\]\# docker inspect wolfweb2  
    "Cmd": \[  
                "/bin/sh",  
                "-c",  
                "/bin/httpd -f -h $\{WEB\_DOC\_ROOT\}"  
这里启动的也是httpd                  
\[root@master img2\]\# docker ps   
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                          COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                            NAMES  
e6ca4664152e        wolfhttpdv:v0.2-1              "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   6 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes                                                         wolfweb2  
                  
使用exec进入容器  
\[root@master img2\]\# docker exec -it wolfweb2 /bin/sh  
/ \# ls  
bin   data  dev   etc   home  proc  root  sys   tmp   usr   var  
/ \# ps  
PID   USER     TIME  COMMAND  
    1 root      0:00 /bin/httpd -f -h /data/web/html/   这里httpd为1  
    8 root      0:00 /bin/sh  
   16 root      0:00 ps  
/ \# printenv  
WEB\_DOC\_ROOT=/data/web/html/  
HOSTNAME=e6ca4664152e  
SHLVL=1  
HOME=/root  
TERM=xterm  
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin  
PWD=/  
/ \#  
\---------------------------------------------------  
实验13  
\[root@master img2\]\# cat Dockerfile   
FROM busybox  
LABEL maintainer="MageEdu <1098331428@qq.com>" app="httpd"

ENV WEB\_DOC\_ROOT="/data/web/html/"

RUN mkdir -p $WEB\_DOC\_ROOT && \\  
    echo '<h1>busybox httpd server.</h1>' > $\{WEB\_DOC\_ROOT\}/index.html

\#CMD /bin/httpd -f -h $\{WEB\_DOC\_ROOT\}  
CMD \["/bin/httpd","-f","-h $\{WEB\_DOC\_ROOT\}"\]                              这里$调用为shell命令，因为默认运行不是shell的子进程，内核不认识shell命令，所以报下面的错误

\[root@master img2\]\# docker build -t wolfhttpd:v0.2-2 ./

\[root@master img2\]\# docker inspect wolfhttpd:v0.2-2

"Cmd": \[  
                "/bin/httpd",  
                "-f",  
                "-h $\{WEB\_DOC\_ROOT\}"  
在启动看看  
\[root@master img2\]\# docker run --name wolfhttpd2 -it --rm -P wolfhttpd:v0.2-2  
httpd: can't change directory to ' $\{WEB\_DOC\_ROOT\}': No such file or directory

修改Dcokerfile  
\[root@master img2\]\# cat Dockerfile   
FROM busybox  
LABEL maintainer="MageEdu <1098331428@qq.com>" app="httpd"

ENV WEB\_DOC\_ROOT="/data/web/html/"

RUN mkdir -p $WEB\_DOC\_ROOT && \\  
    echo '<h1>busybox httpd server.</h1>' > $\{WEB\_DOC\_ROOT\}/index.html

\#CMD /bin/httpd -f -h $\{WEB\_DOC\_ROOT\}  
CMD \["/bin/sh","-c","/bin/httpd","-f","-h /data/web/html"\]    
\[root@master img2\]\# docker inspect wolfhttpd:v0.2-4  
\[root@master img2\]\# docker run --name wolfhttpd2 -it --rm -P wolfhttpd:v0.2-4  
\-----------------------------------------------------  
实验14  
\[root@master img2\]\# cat Dockerfile   
FROM busybox  
LABEL maintainer="MageEdu <1098331428@qq.com>" app="httpd"

ENV WEB\_DOC\_ROOT="/data/web/html/"

RUN mkdir -p $WEB\_DOC\_ROOT && \\  
    echo '<h1>busybox httpd server.</h1>' > $\{WEB\_DOC\_ROOT\}/index.html

\#CMD /bin/httpd -f -h $\{WEB\_DOC\_ROOT\}  
\#CMD \["/bin/sh","-c","/bin/httpd","-f","-h /data/web/html/"\]  
ENTRYPOINT /bin/httpd -f -h $\{WEB\_DOC\_ROOT

\[root@master img2\]\# docker build -t wolfhttpd:v0.2-5 ./  
Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.048kB  
Step 1/5 : FROM busybox  
 ---> 758ec7f3a1ee  
Step 2/5 : LABEL maintainer="MageEdu <1098331428@qq.com>" app="httpd"  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> 4561b9069835  
Step 3/5 : ENV WEB\_DOC\_ROOT="/data/web/html/"  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> 30980cf60d2c  
Step 4/5 : RUN mkdir -p $WEB\_DOC\_ROOT &&     echo '<h1>busybox httpd server.</h1>' > $\{WEB\_DOC\_ROOT\}/index.html  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> 86cbdaad823f  
Step 5/5 : ENTRYPOINT /bin/httpd -f -h $\{WEB\_DOC\_ROOT\}  
 ---> Running in 3195bfcc31c9  
Removing intermediate container 3195bfcc31c9  
 ---> a8fc3cfbecef  
Successfully built a8fc3cfbecef  
Successfully tagged wolfhttpd:v0.2-5  
\[root@master img2\]\# docker run --name wolfweb2 -it --rm -P wolfhttpd:v0.2-5  这里ok  
\[root@master img2\]\# docker run --name wolfweb2 -it --rm -P wolfhttpd:v0.2-5 ls /data/web/html/  这里卡住，不接受ls  
如果要想覆盖，必须加--entrypoint  
\[root@master img2\]\# docker run --name wolfweb2 -it --rm -P --entrypoint "ls /data/web/html" wolfhttpd:v0.2-5 ls /data/web/html/    
docker: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container\_linux.go:348: starting container process caused "exec: \\"ls /data/web/html\\": stat ls /data/web/html: no such file or directory": unknown.  
\--------------------------------------------------  
实验15  
FROM busybox  
LABEL maintainer="MageEdu <1098331428@qq.com>" app="httpd"

ENV WEB\_DOC\_ROOT="/data/web/html/"

RUN mkdir -p $WEB\_DOC\_ROOT && \\  
    echo '<h1>busybox httpd server.</h1>' > $\{WEB\_DOC\_ROOT\}/index.html

CMD \["/bin/httpd","-f","-h /data/web/html\}"\]                       这种格式是当作参数传给ENTRYPOINT  
ENTRYPOINT /bin/httpd -f -h $\{WEB\_DOC\_ROOT\}

\----------------------------------------------------------  
实验16  
FROM busybox  
LABEL maintainer="MageEdu <1098331428@qq.com>" app="httpd"

ENV WEB\_DOC\_ROOT="/data/web/html/"

RUN mkdir -p $WEB\_DOC\_ROOT && \\  
    echo '<h1>busybox httpd server.</h1>' > $\{WEB\_DOC\_ROOT\}/index.html

CMD \["/bin/httpd","-f","-h /data/web/html\}"\]                这里cmd传给entrypoint  
ENTRYPOINT \["/bin/sh","-c"\]                                 目的是支持shell

\[root@master img2\]\# docker image inspect wolfhttpd:v0.2-7   
            "Cmd": \[  
                "/bin/httpd",  
                "-f",  
                "-h /data/web/html\}"  
            \],  
            "ArgsEscaped": true,  
            "Image": "sha256:1df68466a23cd041e94530d512947ac0121123bab70bf554b86e1e1cc4085b25",  
            "Volumes": null,  
            "WorkingDir": "",  
            "Entrypoint": \[  
                "/bin/sh",  
                "-c"  
            \],  
\[root@master img2\]\# docker run --name wolfweb2 -it --rm -P wolfhttpd:v0.2-7

\[root@master img2\]\# docker run --name wolfweb2 -it -P wolfhttpd:v0.2-7 ls /data/  
bin   data  dev   etc   home  proc  root  sys   tmp   usr   var  
\[root@master img2\]\# docker run --name wolfweb2 -it -P wolfhttpd:v0.2-7 "ls /data"  
docker: Error response from daemon: Conflict. The container name "/wolfweb2" is already in use by container "f322a3cc561ce75268de999f39768a3caebd39b3ef4d00618cd619a35e08ec7f". You have to remove (or rename) that container to be able to reuse that name.  
See 'docker run --help'.  
\[root@master img2\]\# docker rm wolfweb2  
wolfweb2  
\[root@master img2\]\# docker run --name wolfweb2 -it -P wolfhttpd:v0.2-7 "ls /data"  现在可以用ls  
web

上面这样组合做，可以传参数被shell解析，容器接受配置要靠  
\-----------------------------------------------------------------  
实验17  
\[root@master img3\]\# cat entrypoint.sh   
\#!/bin/sh  
\#  
cat > /etc/nginx/conf.d/www.conf << EOF

server \{  
    server\_name $HOSTNAME;  
    listen $\{IPI:-0.0.0.0\}:$\{PORT:-80\};  
    root $\{NGX\_DOC\_ROOT:-/usr/share/nginx/html\};  
\}  
EOF

exec "$@"

\[root@master img3\]\# cat Dockerfile   
FROM nginx:1.14-alpine  
LABEL maintainer="Wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"

ENV NGX\_DOC\_ROOT="/data/web/html/"

ADD entrypoint.sh /bin/

CMD \["/usr/sbin/nginx","-g","daemon off;"\]

ENTRYPOINT \["/bin/entrypoint.sh"\]  
\[root@master img3\]\#

\[root@master img3\]\# docker build -t myweb:v0.3-5 ./

\[root@master img3\]\# docker run --name myweb1 --rm -P myweb:v0.3-5

\[root@master img3\]\# docker exec -it 5e2987969396 /bin/sh  
/ \# ls  
bin    dev    etc    home   lib    media  mnt    proc   root   run    sbin   srv    sys    tmp    usr    var  
/ \# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/www.conf

server \{  
    server\_name 5e2987969396;  
    listen 0.0.0.0:80;  
    root /data/web/html/;  
\}  
/ \#  
\--------------------------------------------------------  
实验18  
加上主页  
\[root@master img3\]\# cat Dockerfile   
FROM nginx:1.14-alpine  
LABEL maintainer="Wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"

ENV NGX\_DOC\_ROOT="/data/web/html/"

ADD index.html $\{NGX\_DOC\_ROOT\}  
ADD entrypoint.sh /bin/

CMD \["/usr/sbin/nginx","-g","daemon off;"\]

ENTRYPOINT \["/bin/entrypoint.sh"\]            生产环境大部分这样写

\[root@master img3\]\# ls  
Dockerfile  entrypoint.sh  index.html  
\[root@master img3\]\# docker build -t myweb:v0.3-6 ./  
\[root@master img3\]\# docker run --name myweb1 --rm -P myweb:v0.3-6

进入容器  
\[root@master img3\]\# docker exec -it myweb1 /bin/sh  
/ \# ls /etc/nginx/conf.d/www.conf   
/etc/nginx/conf.d/www.conf  
/ \# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/www.conf

server \{  
    server\_name bb3995bf7afe;  
    listen 0.0.0.0:80;  
    root /data/web/html/;  
\}  
/ \# netstat -tnl  
Active Internet connections (only servers)  
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State         
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN        
\-Y on/off    Use proxy

/ \# wget -O - -q bb3995bf7afe  
<h1>New Doc Root For nginx</h1>  
/ \#

在看之前启动的窗口  
127.0.0.1 - - \[01/Jan/2019:07:02:16 +0000\] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "Wget" "-"  
172.17.0.6 - - \[01/Jan/2019:07:02:40 +0000\] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 32 "-" "Wget" "-"

换个端口  
\[root@master img3\]\# docker run --name myweb1 --rm -P -e "PORT=8080" myweb:v0.3-6   
\[root@master img3\]\# docker exec -it myweb1 /bin/sh  
/ \# netstat -tnp  
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)  
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name      
/ \# netstat -tnl  
Active Internet connections (only servers)  
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State         
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8080            0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN        
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN

/ \# ps  
PID   USER     TIME  COMMAND  
    1 root      0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon off;   这里nginx pid为1  
   10 nginx     0:00 nginx: worker process  
   11 root      0:00 /bin/sh  
   20 root      0:00 ps  
\------------------------------------------------------  
实验19  
\[root@master img3\]\# cat Dockerfile   
FROM nginx:1.14-alpine  
LABEL maintainer="Wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"

ENV NGX\_DOC\_ROOT="/data/web/html/"

ADD index.html $\{NGX\_DOC\_ROOT\}  
ADD entrypoint.sh /bin/

EXPOSE 80/tcp

HEALTHCHECK --start-period=3s CMD wget -O - -q http://$\{IP:-0.0.0.0\}:$\{PORT:-80\}/

CMD \["/usr/sbin/nginx","-g","daemon off;"\]

ENTRYPOINT \["/bin/entrypoint.sh"\]

\[root@master img3\]\# docker build -t myweb:v0.3-7 ./

这里30秒自动检查一次  
\[root@master img3\]\# docker run --name myweb1 --rm -P -e "PORT=8080" myweb:v0.3-7   
127.0.0.1 - - \[01/Jan/2019:07:38:11 +0000\] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 32 "-" "Wget" "-"  
127.0.0.1 - - \[01/Jan/2019:07:38:41 +0000\] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 32 "-" "Wget" "-"  
127.0.0.1 - - \[01/Jan/2019:07:39:11 +0000\] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 32 "-" "Wget" "-"  
127.0.0.1 - - \[01/Jan/2019:07:39:41 +0000\] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 32 "-" "Wget" "-"  
127.0.0.1 - - \[01/Jan/2019:07:40:12 +0000\] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 32 "-" "Wget" "-"  
127.0.0.1 - - \[01/Jan/2019:07:40:42 +0000\] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 32 "-" "Wget" "-"  
\--------------------------------------------------  
实验20  
搞一个失败的  
\[root@master img3\]\# cat Dockerfile   
FROM nginx:1.14-alpine  
LABEL maintainer="Wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"

ENV NGX\_DOC\_ROOT="/data/web/html/"  
ADD index.html $\{NGX\_DOC\_ROOT\}  
ADD entrypoint.sh /bin/  
EXPOSE 80/tcp  
HEALTHCHECK --start-period=3s CMD wget -O - -q http://$\{IP:-0.0.0.0\}:10080/    没这个端口  
CMD \["/usr/sbin/nginx","-g","daemon off;"\]  
ENTRYPOINT \["/bin/entrypoint.sh"\]  
\[root@master img3\]\# docker build -t myweb:v0.3-8 ./  
\[root@master img3\]\# docker exec -it myweb1 /bin/sh  
/ \# ls  
bin    data   dev    etc    home   lib    media  mnt    proc   root   run    sbin   srv    sys    tmp    usr    var  
/ \# netstat -nlt  
Active Internet connections (only servers)  
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State         
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8080            0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN        
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN

\[root@master img3\]\# docker run --name myweb1 --rm -P -e "PORT=8080" myweb:v0.3-8  
这里暂时没什么信息出来  
\----------------------------------------------------  
实验21  
\[root@master img3\]\# cat Dockerfile   
FROM nginx:1.14-alpine

ARG author="Wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"    这里  
   
LABEL maintainer="$\{author\}"

ENV NGX\_DOC\_ROOT="/data/web/html/"

ADD index.html $\{NGX\_DOC\_ROOT\}  
ADD entrypoint.sh /bin/

EXPOSE 80/tcp

HEALTHCHECK --start-period=3s CMD wget -O - -q http://$\{IP:-0.0.0.0\}:10080/

CMD \["/usr/sbin/nginx","-g","daemon off;"\]

ENTRYPOINT \["/bin/entrypoint.sh"\]

\[root@master img3\]\# docker build --build-arg author="laolang <1@qq.com>" -t myweb:v0.3-9 ./

\[root@master img3\]\# docker image inspect myweb:v0.3-9  
    "Labels": \{  
                "maintainer": "laolang <1@qq.com>"  
\----------------------------------------------------------------  
实验22  
\[root@master ~\]\# cat img3/Dockerfile   
FROM nginx:1.14-alpine

ARG author="Wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"

LABEL maintainer="$\{author\}"

ENV NGX\_DOC\_ROOT="/data/web/html/"

ADD index.html $\{NGX\_DOC\_ROOT\}  
ADD entrypoint.sh /bin/

EXPOSE 80/tcp

HEALTHCHECK --start-period=3s CMD wget -O - -q http://$\{IP:-0.0.0.0\}:10080/

ONBUILD ADD http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz /usr/local/src/     给别人引用是使用

CMD \["/usr/sbin/nginx","-g","daemon off;"\]

ENTRYPOINT \["/bin/entrypoint.sh"\]  
\[root@master img3\]\# docker build -t myweb:v0.3-11 ./

Sending build context to Docker daemon  4.096kB  
Step 1/11 : FROM nginx:1.14-alpine  
 ---> c5b6f731fbc0  
Step 2/11 : ARG author="Wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> d4e4e6be6577  
Step 3/11 : LABEL maintainer="$\{author\}"  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> 9f658efd06e5  
Step 4/11 : ENV NGX\_DOC\_ROOT="/data/web/html/"  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> 590098f3a4f3  
Step 5/11 : ADD index.html $\{NGX\_DOC\_ROOT\}  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> c09c452e01cb  
Step 6/11 : ADD entrypoint.sh /bin/  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> e513c46ff077  
Step 7/11 : EXPOSE 80/tcp  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> bb0253812192  
Step 8/11 : HEALTHCHECK --start-period=3s CMD wget -O - -q http://$\{IP:-0.0.0.0\}:10080/  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> 3248975f5350  
Step 9/11 : ONBUILD ADD http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz /usr/local/src/   这里并没有下载  
 ---> Running in bfc314792cf0  
Removing intermediate container bfc314792cf0  
 ---> 69b8628b2175  
Step 10/11 : CMD \["/usr/sbin/nginx","-g","daemon off;"\]  
 ---> Running in ec32763eb170  
Removing intermediate container ec32763eb170  
 ---> 6142392642ca  
Step 11/11 : ENTRYPOINT \["/bin/entrypoint.sh"\]  
 ---> Running in 6dea0e97365c  
Removing intermediate container 6dea0e97365c  
 ---> ead4bb0f4a5b  
Successfully built ead4bb0f4a5b  
Successfully tagged myweb:v0.3-11  
\[root@master img3\]\#

\[root@master img3\]\# docker build --build-arg author="laolang <1@qq.com>" -t myweb:v0.3-11 ./  
Sending build context to Docker daemon  4.096kB  
Step 1/11 : FROM nginx:1.14-alpine  
 ---> c5b6f731fbc0  
Step 2/11 : ARG author="Wolf <1098331428@qq.com>"  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> d4e4e6be6577  
Step 3/11 : LABEL maintainer="$\{author\}"  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> e8b3afaa33c2  
Step 4/11 : ENV NGX\_DOC\_ROOT="/data/web/html/"  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> 8add3272b2f8  
Step 5/11 : ADD index.html $\{NGX\_DOC\_ROOT\}  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> f85d1a062166  
Step 6/11 : ADD entrypoint.sh /bin/  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> 4853edd7ef12  
Step 7/11 : EXPOSE 80/tcp  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> 8867a4941223  
Step 8/11 : HEALTHCHECK --start-period=3s CMD wget -O - -q http://$\{IP:-0.0.0.0\}:10080/  
 ---> Using cache  
 ---> 354cb57a95de  
Step 9/11 : ONBUILD ADD http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz /usr/local/src/  
 ---> Running in f91fae6fdadb  
Removing intermediate container f91fae6fdadb  
 ---> 11c5b5143652  
Step 10/11 : CMD \["/usr/sbin/nginx","-g","daemon off;"\]  
 ---> Running in 07cf866d758a  
Removing intermediate container 07cf866d758a  
 ---> 3cd14d73d4bb  
Step 11/11 : ENTRYPOINT \["/bin/entrypoint.sh"\]  
 ---> Running in c086fa2bf583  
Removing intermediate container c086fa2bf583  
 ---> 60d0970fc15c  
Successfully built 60d0970fc15c  
Successfully tagged myweb:v0.3-11  
\[root@master img3\]\# cd ..  
\[root@master ~\]\# mkdir img4  
\[root@master ~\]\# cat Dockerfile   
FROM myweb:v0.3-11              这里引用我自己做的镜像

RUN mkdir /tmp/test

\[root@master ~\]\# docker build -t test:v0.1-1 ./     
Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.152MB  
Step 1/2 : FROM myweb:v0.3-11  
\# Executing 1 build trigger  
Downloading \[==================================================>\]  1.028MB/1.028MB    这里触发下载了  
 ---> 8d244351d147  
Step 2/2 : RUN mkdir /tmp/test  
 ---> Running in bf6c090dd1b3  
Removing intermediate container bf6c090dd1b3  
 ---> ce7906fc7a75  
Successfully built ce7906fc7a75

如果还不熟悉去官方仔细看，仔细读  
https://github.com/docker-library