Android6.0之AMS通过socket与zygote通信创建app进程

た入场券 2022-04-10 03:45 596阅读 0赞

转自：[https://blog.csdn.net/love000520/article/details/70230784][https_blog.csdn.net_love000520_article_details_70230784]

前面分析到了ActivityStackSupervisor类中的startActivityUncheckedLocked方法,该方法主要是为要启动的activity准备一个task:有可复用的task,就直接使用;没有的话,就先寻找一个合适的ActivityStack,移动到前台后创建一个新的Task.紧接着调用ActivityStack的startActivityLocked()方法继续启动.

###  ActivityStack的startActivityLocked() ###

首先分析参数:

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   <td> <pre>final void startActivityLocked(
ActivityRecord r, // 要启动的activity
boolean newTask,//是否新建了task,传入的true
boolean doResume,// 是否执行resume,传入的true
boolean keepCurTransition,// 传入的fasle,当要从一个activity启动一个activity,而且启动这个activity时,设置了FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP,传入true
Bundle options)
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如果是新创建的task,这个task已经在ActivityStack的顶端,而且其所在的Activitystack也在绑定的屏幕的顶端:

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   <td> <pre>// r.task就是在startActivityUncheckedLocked中创建的新的task的TaskRecord对象，取出来保存到rRask变量中
TaskRecord rTask = r.task;
final int taskId = rTask.taskId;
// 如果是新创建的task的话
// taskForIdLocked在历史栈中查询是否含有id号为目标类所在的栈id，如果有，表明目标类之前已经被创建过，现在开始复用该对象，属于非首次启动，
// newTask传递过来为true
if (!r.mLaunchTaskBehind &amp;&amp; (taskForIdLocked(taskId) == null || newTask)) {

// 将其移到activitystack的顶部,也就是mTaskHistory的尾部
    insertTaskAtTop(rTask, r);
    mWindowManager.moveTaskToTop(taskId);
}
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如果不需要新创建task:(从launcher第一次启动app,会创建新的task,所以不走这块代码)

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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>TaskRecord task = null;
if (!newTask) {
    boolean startIt = true;
    // 从 mTaskHistory中找到启动这个activity的activity所在的task
    for (int taskNdx = mTaskHistory.size() - 1; taskNdx &gt;= 0; --taskNdx) {
        task = mTaskHistory.get(taskNdx);
        if (task.getTopActivity() == null) {
            // All activities in task are finishing.
            continue;
        }
        // 找到了
        if (task == r.task) {
            if (!startIt) {
                ............
                ActivityOptions.abort(options);
                return;
            }
            break;
        }// 如果在前面的task中有全屏应用存在,例如播放器等,设置为false.
        else if (task.numFullscreen &gt; 0) {
            startIt = false;
        }
    }
}
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上面代码就是从activitystack的mTaskHistory中找到启动这个activity的activity的task.

如果找到的这个task不在ActivityStack的顶端,那就没必要让当前正在显示的activity执行onUserLeaving操作.

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   <td> <pre>if (task == r.task &amp;&amp; mTaskHistory.indexOf(task) != (mTaskHistory.size() - 1)) {
            mStackSupervisor.mUserLeaving = false;
            if (DEBUG_USER_LEAVING) Slog.v(TAG_USER_LEAVING,
                    "startActivity() behind front, mUserLeaving=false");
        }
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接着把要启动的activity放入Task的顶端,并设置inHistory为true;

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   <td> <pre>task = r.task;
task.addActivityToTop(r);
task.setFrontOfTask();
r.putInHistory();
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下面WMS开始准备绘制activity以及切换Activity时的动画.略过:

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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>if (!isHomeStack() || numActivities() &gt; 0){
  ...
  // 一个activity的UI界面要想再终端屏幕上显示出来，很重要的一点就是他必须向WMS中添加token，以便于WMS在启动窗口的时候能够找到它
  mWindowManager.addAppToken(task.mActivities.indexOf(r),
                   r.appToken, r.task.taskId, mStackId, r.info.screenOrientation, r.fullscreen,
                   (r.info.flags &amp; ActivityInfo.FLAG_SHOW_FOR_ALL_USERS) != 0, r.userId,
                   r.info.configChanges, task.voiceSession != null, r.mLaunchTaskBehind);
     boolean doShow = true;
     if (newTask) {
         if ((r.intent.getFlags() &amp; Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_RESET_TASK_IF_NEEDED) != 0) {
           // 处理FLAG_ACTIVITY_RESET_TASK_IF_NEEDED,rest  task
             resetTaskIfNeededLocked(r, r);
             // 得到rest task之后,task的顶端activity是否与要启动的activity一致
             doShow = topRunningNonDelayedActivityLocked(null) == r;
         }
     } else if (options != null &amp;&amp; new ActivityOptions(options).getAnimationType()
             == ActivityOptions.ANIM_SCENE_TRANSITION) {
         doShow = false;
     }
  ...
}else{

}
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上述代码中关键的一点是:当是新创建task的时候,此时这个task的affinity就是activity的taskAffinity.这个要启动activity就是这个task的root activity.

这时候如果flag中包含FLAG\_ACTIVITY\_RESET\_TASK\_IF\_NEEDED,那么就会寻找当前activitystack中所有task中是设置了允许TaskReparenting,而又与其启动者没有依赖关系的activity(activity的resultTo为空),查看他们指定的task是不是现在这个新创建的task,是的话移动到这个新创建的task中来.

Task的startActivityLocked()方法主要就是将要启动的Activity加入到task的顶部.如果传入的newTask为true,表明创建了新的task,这是还要检查是否进行rest task操作处理TaskReparenting;为false,表明没有创建task,而是将activity加入到启动他的activity所在的task中.然后把task调整到ActivityStack中的mTaskHistory的顶部.也就是将task移动到栈顶.然后调用

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   <td> <pre>// 传入的为true
if (doResume) {
            mStackSupervisor.resumeTopActivitiesLocked(this, r, options);
        }
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开始显示task顶部的activity(并不一定是要启动的activity).

###  ActivityStackSupervisor.resumeTopActivitiesLocked()方法 ###

这里要说明下,当从launcher,也就是桌面切换到一个app的activity的时候,前面也说了如果这个app所在的activitystack和homestack处于同一个屏幕中,就要调用ActivityStackSupervisor.moveHomeStack方法,来移动homestack.(确切的是当调用Activitystack.moveToFront()方法时,会进行这样的操作.)这时,mFocusedStack就会发生变化了,之前mFocusedStack是mhomeStack.在moveHomeStack方法会将其设置为即将显示的activity所在的ActivityStack.

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   <td> <pre>boolean resumeTopActivitiesLocked(ActivityStack targetStack, ActivityRecord target,
          Bundle targetOptions) {
      // 如果传入的ActivityStack为null,那么设置为当前处于前台的ActivityStack
      if (targetStack == null) {
          targetStack = mFocusedStack;
      }
      // Do targetStack first.
      boolean result = false;
      // 检查targetStack是否和mFocusedStack一致.这里是一致的.原因前面解释了.
      if (isFrontStack(targetStack)) {
          result = targetStack.resumeTopActivityLocked(target, targetOptions);
      }

............
      return result;
  }
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###  ActivityStack.resumeTopActivityLocked()方法 ###

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   <td> <pre>final boolean resumeTopActivityLocked(ActivityRecord prev, Bundle options) {
   // 如果当前正在resume顶端activity的话，那就直接返回false
    if (mStackSupervisor.inResumeTopActivity) {
        // Don't even start recursing.
        return false;
    }

boolean result = false;
    try {
        // Protect against recursion.
        mStackSupervisor.inResumeTopActivity = true;
        if (mService.mLockScreenShown == ActivityManagerService.LOCK_SCREEN_LEAVING) {
            mService.mLockScreenShown = ActivityManagerService.LOCK_SCREEN_HIDDEN;
            mService.updateSleepIfNeededLocked();
        }
        result = resumeTopActivityInnerLocked(prev, options);
    } finally {
        mStackSupervisor.inResumeTopActivity = false;
    }
    return result;
}
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实际上是调用resumeTopActivityInnerLocked()方法

###  ActivityStack.resumeTopActivityInnerLocked ###

方法代码又是很多……….看注释吧!

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   <td> <pre>private boolean resumeTopActivityInnerLocked(ActivityRecord prev, Bundle options) {
      if (DEBUG_LOCKSCREEN) mService.logLockScreen("");

if (!mService.mBooting &amp;&amp; !mService.mBooted) {
          // Not ready yet!
          return false;
      }

ActivityRecord parent = mActivityContainer.mParentActivity;
      if ((parent != null &amp;&amp; parent.state != ActivityState.RESUMED) ||
              !mActivityContainer.isAttachedLocked()) {
          // Do not resume this stack if its parent is not resumed.
          // TODO: If in a loop, make sure that parent stack resumeTopActivity is called 1st.
          return false;
      }
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这里的操作还是比较简单的，首先查看系统是否启动完成了，否则就直接返回。如果启动当前activity的activity本身的状态不是RESUMED的话，那么不能启动activity，直接返回false。

接下来找到,要启动的activity,这里实际上就是task的顶端activity.经过前面的过程,当前前台的task的就是运行要启动的activity所需的task.但至于顶端是否是要启动的activity那就不一定了.

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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>// next就是要启动的activity
final ActivityRecord next = topRunningActivityLocked(null);

final boolean userLeaving = mStackSupervisor.mUserLeaving;
mStackSupervisor.mUserLeaving = false;

// prevTask就是要启动的activity所在的task
final TaskRecord prevTask = prev != null ? prev.task : null;

// 没有要启动的activity,那就显示home
if (next == null) {
  ....
  ....
}

// 不需要延时resume
next.delayedResume = false;
// If the top activity is the resumed one, nothing to do.
// 如果显示的activity就是要启动的activity,那么直接返回false
if (mResumedActivity == next &amp;&amp; next.state == ActivityState.RESUMED &amp;&amp;
          mStackSupervisor.allResumedActivitiesComplete()) {
  ............
  return false;
}
// 下面又是做了一些检查而已
// 其中在创建task的时候
//  taskType = APPLICATION_ACTIVITY_TYPE;
//  mTaskToReturnTo = HOME_ACTIVITY_TYPE;
// 所以isOverHomeStack返回true
if (prevTask != null &amp;&amp; prevTask.stack == this &amp;&amp;
      prevTask.isOverHomeStack() &amp;&amp; prev.finishing &amp;&amp; prev.frontOfTask) {
  if (DEBUG_STACK)  mStackSupervisor.validateTopActivitiesLocked();
  // 几乎都满足这个条件,而setFrontOfTask前面已经做过了
  if (prevTask == nextTask) {
      prevTask.setFrontOfTask();
  } else if (prevTask != topTask()) {
      // This task is going away but it was supposed to return to the home stack.
      // Now the task above it has to return to the home task instead.
      // 如果task销毁了,移动到home
      final int taskNdx = mTaskHistory.indexOf(prevTask) + 1;
      mTaskHistory.get(taskNdx).setTaskToReturnTo(HOME_ACTIVITY_TYPE);
  } else if (!isOnHomeDisplay()) {
      return false;
  } else if (!isHomeStack()){
      ..............
  }
}
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接下来还是做检查:如果系统当前准备休眠或者关机，如果是的话，那么就放弃本次启动。

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   <td> <pre>// If we are sleeping, and there is no resumed activity, and the top
// activity is paused, well that is the state we want.
if (mService.isSleepingOrShuttingDown()
        &amp;&amp; mLastPausedActivity == next
        &amp;&amp; mStackSupervisor.allPausedActivitiesComplete()) {
    // Make sure we have executed any pending transitions, since there
    // should be nothing left to do at this point.
    mWindowManager.executeAppTransition();
    mNoAnimActivities.clear();
    ActivityOptions.abort(options);
    if (DEBUG_STATES) Slog.d(TAG_STATES,
            "resumeTopActivityLocked: Going to sleep and all paused");
    if (DEBUG_STACK) mStackSupervisor.validateTopActivitiesLocked();
    return false;
}
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还是做检查,检查这个activity的用户已经启动了.

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   <td> <pre>// Make sure that the user who owns this activity is started.  If not,
// we will just leave it as is because someone should be bringing
// another user's activities to the top of the stack.
if (mService.mStartedUsers.get(next.userId) == null) {
  Slog.w(TAG, "Skipping resume of top activity " + next
          + ": user " + next.userId + " is stopped");
  if (DEBUG_STACK) mStackSupervisor.validateTopActivitiesLocked();
  return false;
}

// The activity may be waiting for stop, but that is no longer
// appropriate for it.
mStackSupervisor.mStoppingActivities.remove(next);
mStackSupervisor.mGoingToSleepActivities.remove(next);
next.sleeping = false;
mStackSupervisor.mWaitingVisibleActivities.remove(next);
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如果当前启动的activity正在等待stop，那么就放弃stop直接启动。因为现在已经没有必要将它stop了。

如果我们当前正在pause一个activity，那么我们需要等到我们的pause动作完成了才能开始启动activity。

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   <td> <pre>// We need to start pausing the current activity so the top one
       // can be resumed...
       boolean dontWaitForPause = (next.info.flags&amp;ActivityInfo.FLAG_RESUME_WHILE_PAUSING) != 0;
       boolean pausing = mStackSupervisor.pauseBackStacks(userLeaving, true, dontWaitForPause);
       if (mResumedActivity != null) {
           if (DEBUG_STATES) Slog.d(TAG_STATES,
                   "resumeTopActivityLocked: Pausing " + mResumedActivity);
           pausing |= startPausingLocked(userLeaving, false, true, dontWaitForPause);
       }
       if (pausing) {
           if (DEBUG_SWITCH || DEBUG_STATES) Slog.v(TAG_STATES,
                   "resumeTopActivityLocked: Skip resume: need to start pausing");
           // At this point we want to put the upcoming activity's process
           // at the top of the LRU list, since we know we will be needing it
           // very soon and it would be a waste to let it get killed if it
           // happens to be sitting towards the end.
           if (next.app != null &amp;&amp; next.app.thread != null) {
               mService.updateLruProcessLocked(next.app, true, null);
           }
           if (DEBUG_STACK) mStackSupervisor.validateTopActivitiesLocked();
           return true;
       }
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继续,如果activity所在的app进程已经启动,那么直接显示activity.

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   <td> <pre>ActivityStack lastStack = mStackSupervisor.getLastStack();
        if (next.app != null &amp;&amp; next.app.thread != null)
{
            if (DEBUG_SWITCH) Slog.v(TAG_SWITCH, "Resume running: " + next);

// This activity is now becoming visible.
            mWindowManager.setAppVisibility(next.appToken, true);
          ..........
            mService.updateCpuStats();
         ..........
            try {
                //这个activity还有等待返回的结果,先发送结果
                ArrayList&lt;ResultInfo&gt; a = next.results;
                if (a != null) {
                    final int N = a.size();
                    if (!next.finishing &amp;&amp; N &gt; 0) {
                        if (DEBUG_RESULTS) Slog.v(TAG_RESULTS,
                                "Delivering results to " + next + ": " + a);
                        next.app.thread.scheduleSendResult(next.appToken, a);
                    }
                }

// 此时,说明要启动的activity已经存在,直接回调应用的onNewIntent方法
                if (next.newIntents != null) {
                    next.app.thread.scheduleNewIntent(next.newIntents, next.appToken);
                }

............
              //调用activity的onResume
                next.app.thread.scheduleResumeActivity(next.appToken, next.app.repProcState,
                        mService.isNextTransitionForward(), resumeAnimOptions);

mStackSupervisor.checkReadyForSleepLocked();

if (DEBUG_STATES) Slog.d(TAG_STATES, "resumeTopActivityLocked: Resumed " + next);
            } catch (Exception e) {
            ..............
            }

.............

}else{
          // 如过activity所在的进程还没启动,那么就使用下面的方法启动app进程.
          mStackSupervisor.startSpecificActivityLocked(next, true, true);
        }
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resumeTopActivityInnerLocked()方法代码很长,检查的代码太多了,其实主要做了如下工作:

1.  如果要启动的activity所在的进程已经启动,那么调用应用的scheduleResumeActivity恢复activity即可(如果此activity已经存在,那么需要先scheduleNewIntent,也就是调用onNewIntent方法)
2.  如果要启动的activity所在的app进程还没启动,那么调用mStackSupervisor.startSpecificActivityLocked启动app进程,第一次启动app时,符合这个逻辑.

###  ActivityStackSupervisor.startSpecificActivityLocked()方法 ###

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   <td> <pre>void startSpecificActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r,
            boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) {
        // Is this activity's application already running?
        ProcessRecord app = mService.getProcessRecordLocked(r.processName,
                r.info.applicationInfo.uid, true);

r.task.stack.setLaunchTime(r);

// 第一次启动app时,肯定app进程还没启动
        if (app != null &amp;&amp; app.thread != null) {
          .........
        }
        // 调用AMS的startProcessLocked创建成
        mService.startProcessLocked(r.processName, r.info.applicationInfo, true, 0,
                "activity", r.intent.getComponent(), false, false, true);
    }
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###  ActivityManagerService.startProcessLocked()方法 ###

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   <td> <pre>final ProcessRecord startProcessLocked(String processName,
          ApplicationInfo info, boolean knownToBeDead, int intentFlags,
          String hostingType, ComponentName hostingName, boolean allowWhileBooting,
          boolean isolated, boolean keepIfLarge) {
      return startProcessLocked(processName, info, knownToBeDead, intentFlags, hostingType,
              hostingName, allowWhileBooting, isolated, 0 /* isolatedUid */, keepIfLarge,
              null /* ABI override */, null /* entryPoint */, null /* entryPointArgs */,
              null /* crashHandler */);
  }
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实际上调用另一个同名不同参的startProcessLocked方法,介绍一下参数的含义.

processNam,即将要创建的在这个app进程的名字.传入的要启动的activity:ActivityRecord的processName.在创建ActivityRecord时,其构造方法中惠根据传入的要启动额activity的信息ActivityInfo记录的从清单xml文件中获得的进程名字,没有显示指定的话,默认为app的包名;

info要启动的app的ApplicationInfo,也是通过要启动的activity的ActivityInfo中获取的;

knownToBeDead传入的true;

intentFlags传入的0;

hostingType 传入的”activity”;

hostingName 传入的启动这个activity的intent设置的组件名,其实就是:app包名+app主actyivity的类名;

allowWhileBooting 传入的fasle;

isolated传入的false,说明要去检查当前进程列表中是否存在一个同名的进程,有的话复用这个进程.

keepIfLarge传入的false;

接下来的参数是

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td> <pre>1
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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>final ProcessRecord startProcessLocked(String processName, ApplicationInfo info,
        boolean knownToBeDead, int intentFlags, String hostingType, ComponentName hostingName,
        boolean allowWhileBooting, boolean isolated, int isolatedUid, boolean keepIfLarge,
        String abiOverride, String entryPoint, String[] entryPointArgs, Runnable crashHandler)
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

多出来的:

isolatedUid 传入的 0;

abiOverride,entryPoint,entryPointArgs,crashHandler传入的均为null;

分析其代码:

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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>final ProcessRecord startProcessLocked(String processName, ApplicationInfo info,
            boolean knownToBeDead, int intentFlags, String hostingType, ComponentName hostingName,
            boolean allowWhileBooting, boolean isolated, int isolatedUid, boolean keepIfLarge,
            String abiOverride, String entryPoint, String[] entryPointArgs, Runnable crashHandler) {
        long startTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
        ProcessRecord app;
  // 传入的fale.那么要检查当前系统中是否存在同名进程,存在的话并不需要重新创建了,复用即可
  // 但要清除这个已经存在的进程的一些信息,比如crash的次数等.
  if (!isolated) {
        app = getProcessRecordLocked(processName, info.uid, keepIfLarge);
        ....
    }else{
      app = null
    }
    ........
  // 这里只考虑 app为null,也就是app进程没有被创建过
  if (app == null) {
      checkTime(startTime, "startProcess: creating new process record");
      app = newProcessRecordLocked(info, processName, isolated, isolatedUid);
      if (app == null) {
          Slog.w(TAG, "Failed making new process record for "
                  + processName + "/" + info.uid + " isolated=" + isolated);
          return null;
      }
      app.crashHandler = crashHandler;
      checkTime(startTime, "startProcess: done creating new process record");
  }

startProcessLocked(app, hostingType, hostingNameStr, abiOverride, entryPoint, entryPointArgs);
  return (app.pid != 0) ? app : null;
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

newProcessRecordLocked代码就是创建一个ProcessRecord对象.

<table> 
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   <td> <pre>1
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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>final ProcessRecord newProcessRecordLocked(ApplicationInfo info, String customProcess,
           boolean isolated, int isolatedUid) {
       String proc = customProcess != null ? customProcess : info.processName;
       BatteryStatsImpl stats = mBatteryStatsService.getActiveStatistics();
       final int userId = UserHandle.getUserId(info.uid);
       int uid = info.uid;
       if (isolated) {
          .........
       }
       final ProcessRecord r = new ProcessRecord(stats, info, proc, uid);
       if (!mBooted &amp;&amp; !mBooting
               &amp;&amp; userId == UserHandle.USER_OWNER
               &amp;&amp; (info.flags &amp; PERSISTENT_MASK) == PERSISTENT_MASK) {
           // 如果xml中设置了persistent为true,那么这么这里也设置为true
           r.persistent = true;
       }
       // 将即将要新创建的进程名字加入到AMS的mProcessNames中
       addProcessNameLocked(r);
       return r;
   }
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

ProcessRecord是一个进程在AMS中的代表,也是AMS管理一个进程的数据结构,所以很有必要掌握其关键数据成员.

其构造方法:

<table> 
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   <td> <pre>1
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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>ProcessRecord(BatteryStatsImpl _batteryStats, ApplicationInfo _info,
        String _processName, int _uid) {
    mBatteryStats = _batteryStats;
    info = _info;
    isolated = _info.uid != _uid;//传入的两者相等,所以为fasle
    uid = _uid;
    userId = UserHandle.getUserId(_uid);
    processName = _processName;
    pkgList.put(_info.packageName, new ProcessStats.ProcessStateHolder(_info.versionCode));
    maxAdj = ProcessList.UNKNOWN_ADJ;
    curRawAdj = setRawAdj = -100;
    curAdj = setAdj = -100;
    persistent = false;
    removed = false;
    lastStateTime = lastPssTime = nextPssTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
}
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

###  ProcessRecord ###

源码路径:

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td> <pre>1
</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>Android-6/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ProcessRecord.java
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

一个APK文件运行时会对应一个进程，当然，多个APK文件也可以运行在同一个进程中。ProcessRecord正是AMS记录一个进程中相关信息的类，该类中内部变量可分为三个部分:

进程文件信息

也就是与该进程对应的APK文件的内部信息.比如:

<table> 
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  <tr> 
   <td> <pre>1
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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>ApplicationInfo info;

String processName;

//保存该进程中的所有APK文件包名
final ArrayMap&lt;String, ProcessStats.ProcessStateHolder&gt; pkgList = new ArrayMap&lt;&gt;();
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

其中ApplicationInfo类定义节选如下:

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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>public class ApplicationInfo extends PackageItemInfo implements Parcelable {

public String taskAffinity;// 任务栈名称

public String permission;

public String processName;

public String className;
    ...........
    public String sourceDir;
..................
   public String[] resourceDirs;
.....................
   public String[] sharedLibraryFiles;

public String dataDir;

public String nativeLibraryDir;
   .....................

public String primaryCpuAbi;

public String secondaryCpuAbi;

public int uid;
  .............

public int targetSdkVersion;
  public int versionCode;
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

进程的内存状态信息

这些信息将用于Linux系统的Out Of Memory(OOM)情况的处理，当发生系统内部不够用时，Linux系统会根据进程的内存状态信息，杀掉优先级比较低的进程。

<table> 
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   <td> <pre>1
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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>int maxAdj;
int curAdj;
...
// 是否是被AMS主动杀掉的，而不是因为内存不足而被杀掉
boolean killedByAm;         // True when proc has been killed by activity manager, not for RAM
// 是否被杀掉
boolean killed;             // True once we know the process has been killed
....
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

变量中adj的含义是adjustment，即“调整值”

进程中包含的Activity,Provider,Service等

<table> 
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  <tr> 
   <td> <pre>1
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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>// all activities running in the process
final ArrayList&lt;ActivityRecord&gt; activities = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();
// all ServiceRecord running in this process
final ArraySet&lt;ServiceRecord&gt; services = new ArraySet&lt;&gt;();
// services that are currently executing code (need to remain foreground).
final ArraySet&lt;ServiceRecord&gt; executingServices = new ArraySet&lt;&gt;();
// All ConnectionRecord this process holds
final ArraySet&lt;ConnectionRecord&gt; connections = new ArraySet&lt;&gt;();
// all IIntentReceivers that are registered from this process.
final ArraySet&lt;ReceiverList&gt; receivers = new ArraySet&lt;&gt;();
// class (String) -&gt; ContentProviderRecord
final ArrayMap&lt;String, ContentProviderRecord&gt; pubProviders = new ArrayMap&lt;&gt;();
// All ContentProviderRecord process is using
final ArrayList&lt;ContentProviderConnection&gt; conProviders = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

###  接着分析startProcessLocked ###

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td> <pre>1
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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>private final void startProcessLocked(
            ProcessRecord app, //前面创建的ProcessRecord对象
            String hostingType,// "activity"
            String hostingNameStr, // "app包名+主activity类名"
            String abiOverride,// null
            String entryPoint,// null
            String[] entryPointArgs)// null
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

这个方法很重要,代码也比较短,直接分析:

}
....
// mProcessesOnHold记录的是系统为准备好时,就想运行的app,这里因为已经准备好了,所以从这里移除它
mProcessesOnHold.remove(app);
//更新cpu状态
updateCpuStats();

try{
  ...
  int uid = app.uid;
  int[] gids = null;
  // 该进程使用的外部存储
  int mountExternal = Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_NONE;
  // 通过前面传入ProcessRecord构造方法参数可知,其为false,所以执行
  if (!app.isolated) {
    int[] permGids = null;
    try{
      // 得到pms
      final IPackageManager pm = AppGlobals.getPackageManager();
      // 获取app拥有的权限组
      permGids = pm.getPackageGids(app.info.packageName, app.userId);  
      MountServiceInternal mountServiceInternal = LocalServices.getService(
                           MountServiceInternal.class);
       mountExternal = mountServiceInternal.getExternalStorageMountMode(uid,
               app.info.packageName);
    }catch{

}
    /*
     * Add shared application and profile GIDs so applications can share some
     * resources like shared libraries and access user-wide resources
     */
    if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(permGids)) {
        gids = new int[2];
    } else {
        gids = new int[permGids.length + 2];
        System.arraycopy(permGids, 0, gids, 2, permGids.length);

}
  gids[0] = UserHandle.getSharedAppGid(UserHandle.getAppId(uid));
  gids[1] = UserHandle.getUserGid(UserHandle.getUserId(uid));

// 从ActivityInfo中提取给进程设置的相关标志,zygote创建新城时需要用到
  int debugFlags = 0;
  if ((app.info.flags &amp; ApplicationInfo.FLAG_DEBUGGABLE) != 0) {
      debugFlags |= Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_DEBUGGER;
      // Also turn on CheckJNI for debuggable apps. It's quite
      // awkward to turn on otherwise.
      debugFlags |= Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_CHECKJNI;
  }
  // Run the app in safe mode if its manifest requests so or the
  // system is booted in safe mode.
  if ((app.info.flags &amp; ApplicationInfo.FLAG_VM_SAFE_MODE) != 0 ||
      mSafeMode == true) {
      debugFlags |= Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_SAFEMODE;
  }
  if ("1".equals(SystemProperties.get("debug.checkjni"))) {
      debugFlags |= Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_CHECKJNI;
  }
  String jitDebugProperty = SystemProperties.get("debug.usejit");
  if ("true".equals(jitDebugProperty)) {
      debugFlags |= Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_JIT;
  } else if (!"false".equals(jitDebugProperty)) {
      // If we didn't force disable by setting false, defer to the dalvik vm options.
      if ("true".equals(SystemProperties.get("dalvik.vm.usejit"))) {
          debugFlags |= Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_JIT;
      }
  }
  String genDebugInfoProperty = SystemProperties.get("debug.generate-debug-info");
  if ("true".equals(genDebugInfoProperty)) {
      debugFlags |= Zygote.DEBUG_GENERATE_DEBUG_INFO;
  }
  if ("1".equals(SystemProperties.get("debug.jni.logging"))) {
      debugFlags |= Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_JNI_LOGGING;
  }
  if ("1".equals(SystemProperties.get("debug.assert"))) {
      debugFlags |= Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_ASSERT;
  }

// 提取进行运行时的abi,如:armeabi,armeabi-v7a等
  // 对于有so库的app来说,PMS会解析除这个变量
  String requiredAbi = (abiOverride != null) ? abiOverride : app.info.primaryCpuAbi;
  // 对于没有so库的app来说,设置为系统的主abi
  if (requiredAbi == null) {
      requiredAbi = Build.SUPPORTED_ABIS[0];
  }
  // 设置进程指令集,如arm,arm64,x86,mips等
  String instructionSet = null;
  if (app.info.primaryCpuAbi != null) {
      instructionSet = VMRuntime.getInstructionSet(app.info.primaryCpuAbi);
  }
  // 墙面获取到的信息,填充到ProcessRecord中,
  app.gids = gids;
  app.requiredAbi = requiredAbi;
  app.instructionSet = instructionSet;

// 设置进程的入口点,也就是执行代码的入口点
  // 传入的为null,所以为true
  boolean isActivityProcess = (entryPoint == null);
  // 设置进程入口点
  if (entryPoint == null)
    entryPoint = "android.app.ActivityThread";

.......
		// 开始真正的创建进程
 Process.ProcessStartResult startResult = Process.start(entryPoint,
                    app.processName, uid, uid, gids, debugFlags, mountExternal,
                    app.info.targetSdkVersion, app.info.seinfo, requiredAbi, instructionSet,
                    app.info.dataDir, entryPointArgs);
// 创建app进程的时候为false
if (app.isolated) {
     mBatteryStatsService.addIsolatedUid(app.uid, app.info.uid);
  }

// 电源管理
mBatteryStatsService.noteProcessStart(app.processName, app.info.uid);

// 如果设置该变量为true,表明该进程要一直存在,当被杀死时,要被重新唤醒.所以加入watchdog中
if (app.persistent) {
		watchdog.getInstance().processStarted(app.processName, startResult.pid);
    }
......
// 继续初始化ProcessRecord,
app.setPid(startResult.pid);//前面创建进程时,返回了进程号pid
app.usingWrapper = startResult.usingWrapper;
app.removed = false;
app.killed = false;
app.killedByAm = false;

synchronized (mPidsSelfLocked) {
// 将App进程的ProcessRecord以其进程号为索引加入到AMS的mPidsSelfLocked中
// 后续ActivityThread.main中调用AMS的attachApplicationLocked()方法会以进程号,重新拿到其ProcessRecord
this.mPidsSelfLocked.put(startResult.pid, app);
// 前面设置了该变量为true
if (isActivityProcess) {
		// 向AMS发送PROC_START_TIMEOUT_MSG消息
    Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(PROC_START_TIMEOUT_MSG);
    msg.obj = app;
    mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(msg, startResult.usingWrapper
            ? PROC_START_TIMEOUT_WITH_WRAPPER : PROC_START_TIMEOUT);
}
}
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

startProcessLocked()方法的流程是:准备好启动进程的相关参数,例如进程权等,调用Process的start()方法来启动进程.启动进程后,利用返回的信息初始化ProcessRecord,比如拿到进程pid等.另外当进程需要常驻内存时,需要将其添加到watchdog中.

启动进程之后,AMS给自己发送一个PROC\_START\_TIMEOUT\_MSG消息,这个消息用来防止进程启动时间超时.如果start()方法返回结果中usingWrapper为true,超时时间设置为1200秒,否则设置为10秒.如果时间到了进程还没启动AMS将弹出ANR对话框.

App进程启动后,会先执行ActivityThread.main()方法,该方法会调用AMS的attachApplicationLocked()方法,这个方法中会将这个PROC\_START\_TIMEOUT\_MSG消息,从消息队列中移除.如果在规定的超时时间内没移除该消息,就会导致进程启动超时机制被触发.

[![AMS-17.png][]][AMS-17.png]

###  Process.start()方法 ###

源码位置:

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td> <pre>1
</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>Android-6/frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Process.java
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

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   <td> <pre>1
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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>public static final ProcessStartResult start(
                              final String processClass,//进程的入口点,android.app.ActivityThread
                              final String niceName,//进程的名字
                              int uid, int gid, int[] gids,// 进程uid gid,权限相关
                              int debugFlags, // app在清单文件中设置的进程相关标记 ,以及系统设置的进程标记,例如是否让VM执行checkjni等
                              int mountExternal,// 外部存储相关
                              int targetSdkVersion,// app中指定的targetSdkVersion
                              String seInfo,//SElinux相关,设置进程安全上下文使用
                              String abi,//进程abi,如armeabi,armeabi-v7a等
                              String instructionSet,// 指令集.如arm,arm64,x86,mips等
                              String appDataDir,//app数据沙箱目录
                              String[] zygoteArgs //传入的为null
                              ) {
    try {
        return startViaZygote(processClass, niceName, uid, gid, gids,
                debugFlags, mountExternal, targetSdkVersion, seInfo,
                abi, instructionSet, appDataDir, zygoteArgs);
    } catch (ZygoteStartFailedEx ex) {
        Log.e(LOG_TAG,
                "Starting VM process through Zygote failed");
        throw new RuntimeException(
                "Starting VM process through Zygote failed", ex);
    }
}
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

在Process类的startViaZygote方法里，会计算启动应用进程用的各个参数，然后再调用zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult方法将这些参数通过socket发送给zygote进程，zygote进程会孵化出新的dalvik应用进程，然后告诉ActivityManagerService新启动的进程的pid。

###  Process.startViaZygote()方法 ###

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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>private static ProcessStartResult startViaZygote(final String processClass,
                              final String niceName,
                              final int uid, final int gid,
                              final int[] gids,
                              int debugFlags, int mountExternal,
                              int targetSdkVersion,
                              String seInfo,
                              String abi,
                              String instructionSet,
                              String appDataDir,
                              String[] extraArgs)
                              throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
    synchronized(Process.class) {
      ArrayList&lt;String&gt; argsForZygote = new ArrayList&lt;String&gt;();
      // 开始整理传入的参数
      argsForZygote.add("--runtime-args");
      argsForZygote.add("--setuid=" + uid);
      argsForZygote.add("--setgid=" + gid);
      if ((debugFlags &amp; Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_JNI_LOGGING) != 0) {
         argsForZygote.add("--enable-jni-logging");
       }
      ..........

if (appDataDir != null) {
          argsForZygote.add("--app-data-dir=" + appDataDir);
      }
      .....
      argsForZygote.add(processClass);
      // 传入的为null
     if (extraArgs != null) {
         for (String arg : extraArgs) {
             argsForZygote.add(arg);
         }
     }
     // 将这些参数通过socket发送给zygote进程,用来创建进程
     return zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult(openZygoteSocketIfNeeded(abi), argsForZygote);
    }
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

其中openZygoteSocketIfNeeded()方法用来连接Zygote socket.从Android 5.0开始,Android开始支持64位系统.对于64位Android系统来说,存在两个zygote进程:

1.  主zygote,对应的socket:/dev/socket/zygote
2.  次zygote,对应的scoket:/dev/socket/zygote\_secondary

至于主次zygote哪个对应于64位的zygote,哪个是32位的zygote.则有init进程解析相关rc文件决定.

连接zygote时,首先连接主zygote.主次zygote一个是64,一个是32,所以支持的abi肯定不同.根据当前的abi来选择与zygote32还是zygote64来进行通信。

[![AMS-18.png][]][AMS-18.png]

openZygoteSocketIfNeeded()方法返回值是ZygoteState对象

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td> <pre>1
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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>public static class ZygoteState {
    final LocalSocket socket;
    final DataInputStream inputStream;
    final BufferedWriter writer;
    final List&lt;String&gt; abiList;
    .......
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

###  Process.zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult()方法 ###

<table> 
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   <td> <pre>1
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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>private static ProcessStartResult zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult(
            ZygoteState zygoteState, ArrayList&lt;String&gt; args)
            throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
        try {
            final BufferedWriter writer = zygoteState.writer;
            final DataInputStream inputStream = zygoteState.inputStream;

// 先发参数所占字节数大小
            writer.write(Integer.toString(args.size()));
            // 开始新的一行(相当于发了"\n")
            writer.newLine();

int sz = args.size();
            for (int i = 0; i &lt; sz; i++) {
                String arg = args.get(i);
                if (arg.indexOf('\n') &gt;= 0) {
                    throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx(
                            "embedded newlines not allowed");
                }
                // 发送一个参数
                writer.write(arg);
                // 开始新的一行(相当于发了"\n")
                writer.newLine();
            }
            // 将信息发送给zygote
            writer.flush();

ProcessStartResult result = new ProcessStartResult();
            // 通过socket读取zygote的返回信息(阻塞到有数为止)
            // zygote先发送创建的进程的pid,为-1表示创建失败
            result.pid = inputStream.readInt();
            if (result.pid &lt; 0) {
                throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx("fork() failed");
            }
            // 然后发送的是一个boolean值,于超时间的设定有关
            result.usingWrapper = inputStream.readBoolean();
            return result;
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            zygoteState.close();
            throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx(ex);
        }
    }
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

###  Zygote孵化App进程 ###

zygote进程将ZygoteInit作为启动类，会执行它的main方法，先注册Zygote Socket，然后调用runSelectLoop方法，runSelectLoop方法会调用方法在Zygote Socket上监听请求，如果别的进程通过Zygote Socket请求孵化进程，则孵化进程。

ZygoteInit.main:

<table> 
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  <tr> 
   <td> <pre>1
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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>public static void main(String argv[]) {
    try {
        runSelectLoop(abiList);
        ....
    } catch (MethodAndArgsCaller caller) {
        caller.run();
    } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
        closeServerSocket();
        throw ex;
    }
}
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

runSelectLoop()方法会抛出异常MethodAndArgsCaller，从而进入caller.run(),也就是MethodAndArgsCaller.run()方法。

###  ZygoteInit.runSelectLoop() ###

这个方法是zygote用来监听和处理创建应用进程的请求.注意此方法是一个死循环!!!通过ZygoteConnection.runOnce()抛出MethodAndArgsCaller异常返回ZygoteInit.main中.

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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>private static void runSelectLoop(String abiList) throws MethodAndArgsCaller {
    ArrayList&lt;FileDescriptor&gt; fds = new ArrayList&lt;FileDescriptor&gt;();
    ArrayList&lt;ZygoteConnection&gt; peers = new ArrayList&lt;ZygoteConnection&gt;();

// 将 zygote socket 的 fd加入数组
    fds.add(sServerSocket.getFileDescriptor());
    peers.add(null);

// 这里使用到了linux的poll机制
    while (true) {
        StructPollfd[] pollFds = new StructPollfd[fds.size()];
        for (int i = 0; i &lt; pollFds.length; ++i) {
            pollFds[i] = new StructPollfd();
            pollFds[i].fd = fds.get(i);
            pollFds[i].events = (short) POLLIN;
        }
        try {
            Os.poll(pollFds, -1);
        } catch (ErrnoException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException("poll failed", ex);
        }
        for (int i = pollFds.length - 1; i &gt;= 0; --i) {
          //采用I/O多路复用机制，当客户端发出连接请求或者数据处理请求时，跳过continue，执行后面的代码
            if ((pollFds[i].revents &amp; POLLIN) == 0) {
                continue;
            }
            if (i == 0) {
                //表示zygote socket中有连接到来,那么就要创建客户端连接
                // 实际上就是执行socket accept操作
                // 然后把创建的这个连接也加入到监听数组中,索引肯定大于0了
                // 那么一旦这个连接中有数据来了,i肯定大于0
                ZygoteConnection newPeer = acceptCommandPeer(abiList);
                peers.add(newPeer);
                fds.add(newPeer.getFileDesciptor());
            } else {
                //调用ZygoteConnection.runOnce()处理客户端数据事务
                boolean done = peers.get(i).runOnce();
                // 处理完之后,断开连接,并且不在监听这个连接
                if (done) {
                    peers.remove(i);
                    fds.remove(i);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

###  ZygoteConnection.runOnce() ###

这个方法首先肯定是先从 socket接受传递过来的启动进程的线骨干参数.然后解析参数.检查权限,创建进程,然后处理父子进程:

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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>boolean runOnce() throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
  String args[];
  Arguments parsedArgs = null;
  FileDescriptor[] descriptors;

try {
    //接受参数
      args = readArgumentList();
      descriptors = mSocket.getAncillaryFileDescriptors();
  } catch (IOException ex) {
     ........................
  }
  .......
  try {
     // 解析参数
     parsedArgs = new Arguments(args);
     .......
     // 权限检查
     applyUidSecurityPolicy(parsedArgs, peer);
     applyInvokeWithSecurityPolicy(parsedArgs, peer);
     applyDebuggerSystemProperty(parsedArgs);
     applyInvokeWithSystemProperty(parsedArgs);
     .....
     pid = Zygote.forkAndSpecialize(parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid, parsedArgs.gids,
                  parsedArgs.debugFlags, rlimits, parsedArgs.mountExternal, parsedArgs.seInfo,
                  parsedArgs.niceName, fdsToClose, parsedArgs.instructionSet,
                  parsedArgs.appDataDir);
   }catch{
     ......
   }
   try {
       if (pid == 0) {
           // in child
           // 创建的app进程
           IoUtils.closeQuietly(serverPipeFd);
           serverPipeFd = null;
           handleChildProc(parsedArgs, descriptors, childPipeFd, newStderr);
           // should never get here, the child is expected to either
           // throw ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller or exec().
           return true;
       } else {
           // in parent...pid of &lt; 0 means failure
           // zygote进程
           IoUtils.closeQuietly(childPipeFd);
           childPipeFd = null;
           return handleParentProc(pid, descriptors, serverPipeFd, parsedArgs);
       }
   } finally {
       IoUtils.closeQuietly(childPipeFd);
       IoUtils.closeQuietly(serverPipeFd);
   }

}
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

###  Zygote.forkAndSpecialize()方法 ###

<table> 
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   <td> <pre>1
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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>public static int forkAndSpecialize(int uid, int gid, int[] gids, int debugFlags,
      int[][] rlimits, int mountExternal, String seInfo, String niceName, int[] fdsToClose,
      String instructionSet, String appDataDir) {
    VM_HOOKS.preFork();
    int pid = nativeForkAndSpecialize(
              uid, gid, gids, debugFlags, rlimits, mountExternal, seInfo, niceName, fdsToClose,
              instructionSet, appDataDir);
    // Enable tracing as soon as possible for the child process.
    if (pid == 0) {
        Trace.setTracingEnabled(true);

// Note that this event ends at the end of handleChildProc,
        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "PostFork");
    }
    VM_HOOKS.postForkCommon();
    return pid;
}
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

从代码中可知zygote孵化进程还是依靠的jni native方法完成的.

在真正孵化进程之前,要做一些前期工作,比如暂停zygote中运行的线程,从而提高fork效率.这些是由VM\_HOOKS.preFork()完成的.

<table> 
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   <td> <pre>1
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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>public void preFork() {
    Daemons.stop();//停止4个Daemon子线程
    waitUntilAllThreadsStopped();//等待所有子线程结束
    token = nativePreFork();//完成gc堆的初始化工作
}
public static void stop() {
    HeapTaskDaemon.INSTANCE.stop(); //Java堆整理线程
    ReferenceQueueDaemon.INSTANCE.stop(); //引用队列线程
    FinalizerDaemon.INSTANCE.stop(); //析构线程
    FinalizerWatchdogDaemon.INSTANCE.stop(); //析构监控线程
}
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

守护线程Stop方式是先调用目标线程interrrupt()方法，然后再调用目标线程join()方法，等待线程执行完成.

###  Zygote.nativeForkAndSpecialize()方法 ###

源码路径:

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td> <pre>1
</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>Android-6/frameworks/base/core/jni/com_android_internal_os_Zygote.cpp
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td> <pre>1
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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>static jint com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeForkAndSpecialize(
        JNIEnv* env, jclass, jint uid, jint gid, jintArray gids,
        jint debug_flags, jobjectArray rlimits,
        jint mount_external, jstring se_info, jstring se_name,
        jintArray fdsToClose, jstring instructionSet, jstring appDataDir) {
    // Grant CAP_WAKE_ALARM to the Bluetooth process.
    jlong capabilities = 0;
    if (uid == AID_BLUETOOTH) {
        capabilities |= (1LL &lt;&lt; CAP_WAKE_ALARM);
    }

return ForkAndSpecializeCommon(env, uid, gid, gids, debug_flags,
            rlimits, capabilities, capabilities, mount_external, se_info,
            se_name, false, fdsToClose, instructionSet, appDataDir);
}
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

实际上调用下面的方法创建进程:

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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>static pid_t ForkAndSpecializeCommon(JNIEnv* env, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, jintArray javaGids,
                                     jint debug_flags, jobjectArray javaRlimits,
                                     jlong permittedCapabilities, jlong effectiveCapabilities,
                                     jint mount_external,
                                     jstring java_se_info, jstring java_se_name,
                                     bool is_system_server, jintArray fdsToClose,
                                     jstring instructionSet, jstring dataDir) {
  //设置子进程的signal信号处理函数
  SetSigChldHandler();
  // fork进程
  // 父进程中，fork返回新创建的子进程的pid;
  // 子进程中，fork返回0
  // 执行完这句代码,后面的代码父子进程都会执行,所以要根据返回值做不同处理.
  pid_t pid = fork();

if (pid == 0) {
    // app进程
    gMallocLeakZygoteChild = 1;
    DetachDescriptors(env, fdsToClose);

// Keep capabilities across UID change, unless we're staying root.
    // 使用linux capabilities 权限机制,root进程不使用
    if (uid != 0) {
      EnableKeepCapabilities(env);
    }
    // 由于前面开始了capabilities机制,所以可以放弃某些app进程不该拥有的能力了
    DropCapabilitiesBoundingSet(env);

// x86架构运行arm文件时,需要一个bridge
    bool use_native_bridge = !is_system_server &amp;&amp; (instructionSet != NULL)
        &amp;&amp; android::NativeBridgeAvailable();
    if (use_native_bridge) {
      ScopedUtfChars isa_string(env, instructionSet);
      use_native_bridge = android::NeedsNativeBridge(isa_string.c_str());
    }
    if (use_native_bridge &amp;&amp; dataDir == NULL) {
      use_native_bridge = false;
      ALOGW("Native bridge will not be used because dataDir == NULL.");
    }
    // 进程外置外部存储
    // 6.0中,因为允许动态授权权限,比如说app申请了对外部存储的读写权限,可能用户之后会关闭写权限等
    // 所以6.0中,改变了对外部存储的管理策略,这个以后单独讲
    // 这里只需要直到根据mount_external
    // 有三个挂在点:/mnt/runtime/default,storageSource = "/mnt/runtime/read",storageSource = "/mnt/runtime/write"
    // 6.0之前,都是直接指向外部存储的
    if (!MountEmulatedStorage(uid, mount_external, use_native_bridge)) {
      ALOGW("Failed to mount emulated storage: %s", strerror(errno));
      if (errno == ENOTCONN || errno == EROFS) {
      } else {
        ALOGE("Cannot continue without emulated storage");
        RuntimeAbort(env);
      }
    }

if (!is_system_server) {
       //对于非system_server子进程，则创建进程组
       // 创建文件夹/acct/uid_&lt;uid&gt;/,权限0750,system:system
       // 创建文件夹/acct/uid_&lt;uid&gt;/pid_&lt;pid&gt;,权限0750,system:system
       // open文件/acct/uid_&lt;uid&gt;/pid_&lt;pid&gt;/cgroup.procs,记录进程号
        int rc = createProcessGroup(uid, getpid());
        if (rc != 0) {
          .......................
        }
    }
    //设置设置group
    SetGids(env, javaGids);
    //设置资源limit
    SetRLimits(env, javaRlimits);

if (use_native_bridge) {
      ScopedUtfChars isa_string(env, instructionSet);
      ScopedUtfChars data_dir(env, dataDir);
      android::PreInitializeNativeBridge(data_dir.c_str(), isa_string.c_str());
    }

int rc = setresgid(gid, gid, gid);
    if (rc == -1) {
      ALOGE("setresgid(%d) failed: %s", gid, strerror(errno));
      RuntimeAbort(env);
    }

rc = setresuid(uid, uid, uid);
    if (rc == -1) {
      ALOGE("setresuid(%d) failed: %s", uid, strerror(errno));
      RuntimeAbort(env);
    }

if (NeedsNoRandomizeWorkaround()) {
        // Work around ARM kernel ASLR lossage (http://b/5817320).
        int old_personality = personality(0xffffffff);
        int new_personality = personality(old_personality | ADDR_NO_RANDOMIZE);
        if (new_personality == -1) {
            ALOGW("personality(%d) failed: %s", new_personality, strerror(errno));
        }
    }
    // 设置能力,除了蓝颜进程外,其他app进程,permittedCapabilities为0
    SetCapabilities(env, permittedCapabilities, effectiveCapabilities);
    //设置调度策略
    SetSchedulerPolicy(env);

const char* se_info_c_str = NULL;
    // PMS在app安装的时候,就会记录seinfo.第三方app一般都为default.
    ScopedUtfChars* se_info = NULL;
    if (java_se_info != NULL) {
        se_info = new ScopedUtfChars(env, java_se_info);
        se_info_c_str = se_info-&gt;c_str();
        if (se_info_c_str == NULL) {
          ALOGE("se_info_c_str == NULL");
          RuntimeAbort(env);
        }
    }
    const char* se_name_c_str = NULL;
    ScopedUtfChars* se_name = NULL;
    if (java_se_name != NULL) {
        se_name = new ScopedUtfChars(env, java_se_name);
        se_name_c_str = se_name-&gt;c_str();
        if (se_name_c_str == NULL) {
          ALOGE("se_name_c_str == NULL");
          RuntimeAbort(env);
        }
    }
    //设置selinux上下文
    rc = selinux_android_setcontext(uid, is_system_server, se_info_c_str, se_name_c_str);
    if (rc == -1) {
      ALOGE("selinux_android_setcontext(%d, %d, \"%s\", \"%s\") failed", uid,
            is_system_server, se_info_c_str, se_name_c_str);
      RuntimeAbort(env);
    }

// Make it easier to debug audit logs by setting the main thread's name to the
    // nice name rather than "app_process".
    if (se_info_c_str == NULL &amp;&amp; is_system_server) {
      se_name_c_str = "system_server";
    }
    // 第三方app为default
    if (se_info_c_str != NULL) {
      SetThreadName(se_name_c_str);
    }

delete se_info;
    delete se_name;
   //在Zygote子进程中，设置信号SIGCHLD的处理器恢复为默认行为
    UnsetSigChldHandler();
    //调用zygote.callPostForkChildHooks()
    env-&gt;CallStaticVoidMethod(gZygoteClass, gCallPostForkChildHooks, debug_flags,
                              is_system_server ? NULL : instructionSet);
    if (env-&gt;ExceptionCheck()) {
      ALOGE("Error calling post fork hooks.");
      RuntimeAbort(env);
    }
  } else if (pid &gt; 0) {
    // the parent process
  }
  return pid;
}
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td> <pre>1
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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>private static void callPostForkChildHooks(int debugFlags, String instructionSet) {
      VM_HOOKS.postForkChild(debugFlags, instructionSet);
  }
  public void postForkChild(int debugFlags, String instructionSet) {
    nativePostForkChild(token, debugFlags, instructionSet);
    Math.setRandomSeedInternal(System.currentTimeMillis());
}
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>static void ZygoteHooks_nativePostForkChild(JNIEnv* env, jclass, jlong token, jint debug_flags,
                                            jstring instruction_set) {
    Thread* thread = reinterpret_cast&lt;Thread*&gt;(token);
    //设置新进程的主线程id
    thread-&gt;InitAfterFork();
    ..
    if (instruction_set != nullptr) {
      ScopedUtfChars isa_string(env, instruction_set);
      InstructionSet isa = GetInstructionSetFromString(isa_string.c_str());
      Runtime::NativeBridgeAction action = Runtime::NativeBridgeAction::kUnload;
      if (isa != kNone &amp;&amp; isa != kRuntimeISA) {
        action = Runtime::NativeBridgeAction::kInitialize;
      }
      //【见流程6-2-2-1-1-1】
      Runtime::Current()-&gt;DidForkFromZygote(env, action, isa_string.c_str());
    } else {
      Runtime::Current()-&gt;DidForkFromZygote(env, Runtime::NativeBridgeAction::kUnload, nullptr);
    }
}
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>void Runtime::DidForkFromZygote(JNIEnv* env, NativeBridgeAction action, const char* isa) {
  is_zygote_ = false;
  if (is_native_bridge_loaded_) {
    switch (action) {
      case NativeBridgeAction::kUnload:
        UnloadNativeBridge(); //卸载用于跨平台的桥连库
        is_native_bridge_loaded_ = false;
        break;
      case NativeBridgeAction::kInitialize:
        InitializeNativeBridge(env, isa);//初始化用于跨平台的桥连库
        break;
    }
  }
  //创建Java堆处理的线程池
  heap_-&gt;CreateThreadPool();
  //重置gc性能数据，以保证进程在创建之前的GCs不会计算到当前app上。
  heap_-&gt;ResetGcPerformanceInfo();
  if (jit_.get() == nullptr &amp;&amp; jit_options_-&gt;UseJIT()) {
    //当flag被设置，并且还没有创建JIT时，则创建JIT
    CreateJit();
  }
  //设置信号处理函数
  StartSignalCatcher();
  //启动JDWP线程，当命令debuger的flags指定"suspend=y"时，则暂停runtime
  Dbg::StartJdwp();
}
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

###  继续看Zygote.forkAndSpecialize() ###

会调用:

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td> <pre>1
</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>VM_HOOKS.postForkCommon();
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td> <pre>1
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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>public void postForkCommon() {
    Daemons.start();
}
public static void start() {
    ReferenceQueueDaemon.INSTANCE.start();
    FinalizerDaemon.INSTANCE.start();
    FinalizerWatchdogDaemon.INSTANCE.start();
    HeapTaskDaemon.INSTANCE.start();
}
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

VM\_HOOKS.postForkCommon的主要功能是在fork新进程后，启动Zygote的4个Daemon线程，java堆整理，引用队列，以及析构线程(前面暂停了)。

[![AMS-19.png][]][AMS-19.png]

###  ZygoteConnection.handleChildProc()–子进程初始化 ###

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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>private void handleChildProc(Arguments parsedArgs,
        FileDescriptor[] descriptors, FileDescriptor pipeFd, PrintStream newStderr)
        throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {

//关闭Zygote的socket两端的连接
    closeSocket();
    ZygoteInit.closeServerSocket();
    // 关闭从zygote继承的文件描述
    if (descriptors != null) {
        try {
            Os.dup2(descriptors[0], STDIN_FILENO);
            Os.dup2(descriptors[1], STDOUT_FILENO);
            Os.dup2(descriptors[2], STDERR_FILENO);
            for (FileDescriptor fd: descriptors) {
                IoUtils.closeQuietly(fd);
            }
            newStderr = System.err;
        } catch (ErrnoException ex) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Error reopening stdio", ex);
        }
    }

if (parsedArgs.niceName != null) {
        //设置进程名
        Process.setArgV0(parsedArgs.niceName);
    }

if (parsedArgs.invokeWith != null) {
      ...........................
    } else {
        //执行ActivityThread.main
        RuntimeInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion,
                parsedArgs.remainingArgs, null);
    }
}
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
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</table>

###  RuntimeInit.ZygoteInit()方法 ###

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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>public static final void zygoteInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader)
        throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
    if (DEBUG) Slog.d(TAG, "RuntimeInit: Starting application from zygote");

Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "RuntimeInit");
    //重定向log输出
    redirectLogStreams();
    //一些初始化
    commonInit();
    // zygote初始化
    nativeZygoteInit();
    // 应用初始化
    applicationInit(targetSdkVersion, argv, classLoader);
}
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
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</table>

###  RuntimeInit.commonInit()方法 ###

commonInit()方法主要进行一些简单初始化:设置异常处理,设置时区,重置Android log 系统,设置http.agent属性

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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>private static final void commonInit() {
    // 设置默认的未捕捉异常处理方法
    // app也可以调用这个方法设置自己的处理方法,例如在处理方法中把产生的异常信息发送到公司服务器中
    Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(new UncaughtHandler());

// 设置市区，中国时区为"Asia/Shanghai"
    TimezoneGetter.setInstance(new TimezoneGetter() {
        @Override
        public String getId() {
            return SystemProperties.get("persist.sys.timezone");
        }
    });
    TimeZone.setDefault(null);

//重置log配置
    LogManager.getLogManager().reset();
    new AndroidConfig();

// 设置默认的HTTP User-agent格式,用于 HttpURLConnection。
    String userAgent = getDefaultUserAgent();
    System.setProperty("http.agent", userAgent);

// 设置socket的tag，用于网络流量统计
    NetworkManagementSocketTagger.install();
}
</pre> </td> 
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</table>

###  RuntimeInit.nativeZygoteInit()方法 ###

源码路径:

<table> 
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   <td> <pre>1
</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>Android-6/frameworks/base/core/jni/AndroidRuntime.cpp
Android-6/frameworks/base/cmds/app_process/App_main.cpp
</pre> </td> 
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</table>

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   <td> <pre>static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
    gCurRuntime-&gt;onZygoteInit(); //此处的gCurRuntime为AppRuntime，是在AndroidRuntime.cpp中定义的
}
virtual void onZygoteInit()
{
    sp&lt;ProcessState&gt; proc = ProcessState::self();
    proc-&gt;startThreadPool(); //启动新binder线程
}
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
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</table>

ProcessState::self()是单例模式，主要工作是调用open()打开/dev/binder驱动设备，再利用mmap()映射内核的地址空间，将Binder驱动的fd赋值ProcessState对象中的变量mDriverFD，用于交互操作。startThreadPool()是创建一个新的binder线程，不断进行talkWithDriver().

该方法主要进行binder的初始化,这样app就可以使用binder了.

###  RuntimeInit.applicationInit()方法 ###

开始指向ActivityThread.main().

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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>private static void applicationInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader)
          throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
      //true代表应用程序退出时不调用AppRuntime.onExit()，否则会在退出前调用
      nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup(true);
      //设置虚拟机的内存利用率参数值为0.75
      VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetHeapUtilization(0.75f);
      VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetSdkVersion(targetSdkVersion);

final Arguments args;
      try {
          args = new Arguments(argv);
      } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
          Slog.e(TAG, ex.getMessage());
          // let the process exit
          return;
      }

// Remaining arguments are passed to the start class's static main
      invokeStaticMain(args.startClass, args.startArgs, classLoader);
  }
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
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</table>

###  RuntimeInit.invokeStaticMain()方法 ###

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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>private static void invokeStaticMain(String className, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader)
        throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
    Class&lt;?&gt; cl;

try {
        // 传入的classLoader为null
        cl = Class.forName(className, true, classLoader);
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
        throw new RuntimeException(
                "Missing class when invoking static main " + className, ex);
    }
    // 找到main方法
    Method m;
    try {
        m = cl.getMethod("main", new Class[] { String[].class });
    } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
        throw new RuntimeException( "Missing static main on " + className, ex);
    } catch (SecurityException ex) {
        throw new RuntimeException(
                "Problem getting static main on " + className, ex);
    }
    // main方法必须是static public类型的
    int modifiers = m.getModifiers();
    if (! (Modifier.isStatic(modifiers) &amp;&amp; Modifier.isPublic(modifiers))) {
        throw new RuntimeException(
                "Main method is not public and static on " + className);
    }

//通过抛出异常，回到ZygoteInit.main()。这样做好处是能清空栈帧，提高栈帧利用率。
    // m就是找到的main方法
    throw new ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller(m, argv);
}
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

###  MethodAndArgsCaller.run()方法 ###

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</pre> </td> 
   <td> <pre>public void run() {
            try {
                // mMethod就是ActivityThread.main方法
                mMethod.invoke(null, new Object[] { mArgs });
            } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
                throw new RuntimeException(ex);
            } catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
                Throwable cause = ex.getCause();
                if (cause instanceof RuntimeException) {
                    throw (RuntimeException) cause;
                } else if (cause instanceof Error) {
                    throw (Error) cause;
                }
                throw new RuntimeException(ex);
            }
        }
</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

[![AMS-20.png][]][AMS-20.png]

到此位置app的进程算是创建完毕了,进程执行的第一个方法也找到是谁了.

[https_blog.csdn.net_love000520_article_details_70230784]: https://blog.csdn.net/love000520/article/details/70230784
[AMS-17.png]: http://7xj6ce.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/AMS-17.png
[AMS-18.png]: http://7xj6ce.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/AMS-18.png
[AMS-19.png]: http://7xj6ce.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/AMS-19.png
[AMS-20.png]: http://7xj6ce.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/AMS-20.png