C++实现ping功能

淩亂°似流年 2022-04-06 02:40 347阅读 0赞

基础知识  
  
ping的过程是向目的IP发送一个type=8的ICMP响应请求报文，目标主机收到这个报文之后，会向源IP（发送方，我）回复一个type=0的ICMP响应应答报文。  
  
那上面的字节、往访时间、TTL之类的信息又是从哪来的呢？这取决于IP和ICMP的头部。

#pragma once
    
    //在默认windows.h会包含winsock.h，当你包含winsock2.h就会冲突，因此在包含windows.h前需要定义一个宏,#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN ;去除winsock.h
    //要么将#include winsock2.h放在#includewindows.h前面或者直接去掉#includewindows.h
    
    #include winsock2.h
    #pragma comment(lib, WS2_32)     链接到WS2_32.lib
    
    #define DEF_PACKET_SIZE 32
    #define ECHO_REQUEST 8
    #define ECHO_REPLY 0
    
    struct IPHeader
    {
       
        BYTE m_byVerHLen; 4位版本+4位首部长度
        BYTE m_byTOS; 服务类型
        USHORT m_usTotalLen; 总长度
        USHORT m_usID; 标识
        USHORT m_usFlagFragOffset; 3位标志+13位片偏移
        BYTE m_byTTL; TTL
        BYTE m_byProtocol; 协议
        USHORT m_usHChecksum; 首部检验和
        ULONG m_ulSrcIP; 源IP地址
        ULONG m_ulDestIP; 目的IP地址
    };
    
    struct ICMPHeader
    {
       
        BYTE m_byType; 类型
        BYTE m_byCode; 代码
        USHORT m_usChecksum; 检验和 
        USHORT m_usID; 标识符
        USHORT m_usSeq; 序号
        ULONG m_ulTimeStamp; 时间戳（非标准ICMP头部）
    };
    
    struct PingReply
    {
       
        USHORT m_usSeq;
        DWORD m_dwRoundTripTime;
        DWORD m_dwBytes;
        DWORD m_dwTTL;
    };
    
    class CPing
    {
       
    public
        CPing();
        ~CPing();
        BOOL Ping(DWORD dwDestIP, PingReply pPingReply = NULL, DWORD dwTimeout = 2000);
        BOOL Ping(char szDestIP, PingReply pPingReply = NULL, DWORD dwTimeout = 2000);
    private
        BOOL PingCore(DWORD dwDestIP, PingReply pPingReply, DWORD dwTimeout);
        USHORT CalCheckSum(USHORT pBuffer, int nSize);
        ULONG GetTickCountCalibrate();
    private
        SOCKET m_sockRaw;
        WSAEVENT m_event;
        USHORT m_usCurrentProcID;
        char m_szICMPData;
        BOOL m_bIsInitSucc;
    private
        static USHORT s_usPacketSeq;
    };

#include "ping.h"
    #include <iostream>
    USHORT CPing::s_usPacketSeq = 0;
    
    CPing::CPing() :m_szICMPData(NULL),m_bIsInitSucc(FALSE)
    {
       
        WSADATA WSAData;
        //WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &WSAData);
        if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(1, 1), &WSAData) != 0)
        {
       
            /*如果初始化不成功则报错，GetLastError()返回发生的错误信息*/
            printf("WSAStartup() failed: %d\n", GetLastError());
            return;
        }
        m_event = WSACreateEvent();
        m_usCurrentProcID = (USHORT)GetCurrentProcessId();
        //setsockopt(m_sockRaw);
        /*if ((m_sockRaw = WSASocket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP, NULL, 0, 0)) != SOCKET_ERROR)
        {
       
            WSAEventSelect(m_sockRaw, m_event, FD_READ);
            m_bIsInitSucc = TRUE;
    
            m_szICMPData = (char*)malloc(DEF_PACKET_SIZE + sizeof(ICMPHeader));
    
            if (m_szICMPData == NULL)
            {
       
                m_bIsInitSucc = FALSE;
            }
        }*/
        m_sockRaw = WSASocket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP, NULL, 0, 0);
        if (m_sockRaw == INVALID_SOCKET)
        {
       
            std::cerr << "WSASocket() failed:" << WSAGetLastError ()<< std::endl;  //10013 以一种访问权限不允许的方式做了一个访问套接字的尝试。
        }
        else
        {
       
            WSAEventSelect(m_sockRaw, m_event, FD_READ);
            m_bIsInitSucc = TRUE;
    
            m_szICMPData = (char*)malloc(DEF_PACKET_SIZE + sizeof(ICMPHeader));
    
            if (m_szICMPData == NULL)
            {
       
                m_bIsInitSucc = FALSE;
            }
        }
    }
    
    CPing::~CPing()
    {
       
        WSACleanup();
    
        if (NULL != m_szICMPData)
        {
       
            free(m_szICMPData);
            m_szICMPData = NULL;
        }
    }
    
    BOOL CPing::Ping(DWORD dwDestIP, PingReply *pPingReply, DWORD dwTimeout)
    {
       
        return PingCore(dwDestIP, pPingReply, dwTimeout);
    }
    
    BOOL CPing::Ping(char *szDestIP, PingReply *pPingReply, DWORD dwTimeout)
    {
       
        if (NULL != szDestIP)
        {
       
            return PingCore(inet_addr(szDestIP), pPingReply, dwTimeout);
        }
        return FALSE;
    }
    
    BOOL CPing::PingCore(DWORD dwDestIP, PingReply *pPingReply, DWORD dwTimeout)
    {
       
        //判断初始化是否成功
        if (!m_bIsInitSucc)
        {
       
            return FALSE;
        }
    
        //配置SOCKET
        sockaddr_in sockaddrDest;
        sockaddrDest.sin_family = AF_INET;
        sockaddrDest.sin_addr.s_addr = dwDestIP;
        int nSockaddrDestSize = sizeof(sockaddrDest);
    
        //构建ICMP包
        int nICMPDataSize = DEF_PACKET_SIZE + sizeof(ICMPHeader);
        ULONG ulSendTimestamp = GetTickCountCalibrate();
        USHORT usSeq = ++s_usPacketSeq;
        memset(m_szICMPData, 0, nICMPDataSize);
        ICMPHeader *pICMPHeader = (ICMPHeader*)m_szICMPData;
        pICMPHeader->m_byType = ECHO_REQUEST;
        pICMPHeader->m_byCode = 0;
        pICMPHeader->m_usID = m_usCurrentProcID;
        pICMPHeader->m_usSeq = usSeq;
        pICMPHeader->m_ulTimeStamp = ulSendTimestamp;
        pICMPHeader->m_usChecksum = CalCheckSum((USHORT*)m_szICMPData, nICMPDataSize);
    
        //发送ICMP报文
        if (sendto(m_sockRaw, m_szICMPData, nICMPDataSize, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&sockaddrDest, nSockaddrDestSize) == SOCKET_ERROR)
        {
       
            return FALSE;
        }
    
        //判断是否需要接收相应报文
        if (pPingReply == NULL)
        {
       
            return TRUE;
        }
    
        char recvbuf[256] = { "\0" };
        while (TRUE)
        {
       
            //接收响应报文
            if (WSAWaitForMultipleEvents(1, &m_event, FALSE, 100, FALSE) != WSA_WAIT_TIMEOUT)
            {
       
                WSANETWORKEVENTS netEvent;
                WSAEnumNetworkEvents(m_sockRaw, m_event, &netEvent);
    
                if (netEvent.lNetworkEvents & FD_READ)
                {
       
                    ULONG nRecvTimestamp = GetTickCountCalibrate();
                    int nPacketSize = recvfrom(m_sockRaw, recvbuf, 256, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&sockaddrDest, &nSockaddrDestSize);
                    if (nPacketSize != SOCKET_ERROR)
                    {
       
                        IPHeader *pIPHeader = (IPHeader*)recvbuf;
                        USHORT usIPHeaderLen = (USHORT)((pIPHeader->m_byVerHLen & 0x0f) * 4);
                        ICMPHeader *pICMPHeader = (ICMPHeader*)(recvbuf + usIPHeaderLen);
    
                        if (pICMPHeader->m_usID == m_usCurrentProcID //是当前进程发出的报文
                            && pICMPHeader->m_byType == ECHO_REPLY //是ICMP响应报文
                            && pICMPHeader->m_usSeq == usSeq //是本次请求报文的响应报文
                            )
                        {
       
                            pPingReply->m_usSeq = usSeq;
                            pPingReply->m_dwRoundTripTime = nRecvTimestamp - pICMPHeader->m_ulTimeStamp;
                            pPingReply->m_dwBytes = nPacketSize - usIPHeaderLen - sizeof(ICMPHeader);
                            pPingReply->m_dwTTL = pIPHeader->m_byTTL;
                            return TRUE;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            //超时
            if (GetTickCountCalibrate() - ulSendTimestamp >= dwTimeout)
            {
       
                return FALSE;
            }
        }
    }
    
    USHORT CPing::CalCheckSum(USHORT *pBuffer, int nSize)
    {
       
        unsigned long ulCheckSum = 0;
        while (nSize > 1)
        {
       
            ulCheckSum += *pBuffer++;
            nSize -= sizeof(USHORT);
        }
        if (nSize)
        {
       
            ulCheckSum += *(UCHAR*)pBuffer;
        }
    
        ulCheckSum = (ulCheckSum >> 16) + (ulCheckSum & 0xffff);
        ulCheckSum += (ulCheckSum >> 16);
    
        return (USHORT)(~ulCheckSum);
    }
    
    ULONG CPing::GetTickCountCalibrate()
    {
       
        static ULONG s_ulFirstCallTick = 0;
        static LONGLONG s_ullFirstCallTickMS = 0;
    
        SYSTEMTIME systemtime;
        FILETIME filetime;
        GetLocalTime(&systemtime);
        SystemTimeToFileTime(&systemtime, &filetime);
        LARGE_INTEGER liCurrentTime;
        liCurrentTime.HighPart = filetime.dwHighDateTime;
        liCurrentTime.LowPart = filetime.dwLowDateTime;
        LONGLONG llCurrentTimeMS = liCurrentTime.QuadPart / 10000;
    
        if (s_ulFirstCallTick == 0)
        {
       
            s_ulFirstCallTick = GetTickCount();
        }
        if (s_ullFirstCallTickMS == 0)
        {
       
            s_ullFirstCallTickMS = llCurrentTimeMS;
        }
    
        return s_ulFirstCallTick + (ULONG)(llCurrentTimeMS - s_ullFirstCallTickMS);
    }

#include <winsock2.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include "ping.h"
    
    int main(void)
    {
       
        CPing objPing;
    
        char *szDestIP = "127.0.0.1";
        PingReply reply;
    
        printf("Pinging %s with %d bytes of data:\n", szDestIP, DEF_PACKET_SIZE);
        while (TRUE)
        {
       
            objPing.Ping(szDestIP, &reply);
            printf("Reply from %s: bytes=%d time=%ldms TTL=%ld\n", szDestIP, reply.m_dwBytes, reply.m_dwRoundTripTime, reply.m_dwTTL);
            Sleep(500);
        }
    
        return 0;
    }