python安装django方法及报错解决

浅浅的花香味﹌ 2022-04-04 10:16 1199阅读 0赞

首先可以去django官网查一下合适的版本（支持python 2.7 和python3.x）

[https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/faq/install/\#what-python-version-can-i-use-with-django][https_docs.djangoproject.com_en_dev_faq_install_what-python-version-can-i-use-with-django]

安装方法参考官网，Option 2中 development version是非稳定版本，可以下载tar.gz包安装

[https://www.djangoproject.com/download/][https_www.djangoproject.com_download]

Python环境（3.7.1）

**方法一：使用pip安装（"==" 后写django版本号）**

pip install Django==2.1.4

安装成功后可以使用命令 python -m django --version 查看版本，也可以进入python交互环境执行 import django确认无报错。

Python 3.7.1 (default, Dec 15 2018, 19:57:31)
    [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4)] on linux
    Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
    >>>
    >>> import django
    >>>

**方法二：使用源码安装**

首先，把官网下载的tar.gz上传至服务器并解压缩

# tar -xzvf Django-2.1.4.tar.gz

然后进入Django解压后的路径，里面有setup.py，执行python setup.py install

# ls
    Django-2.1.4  Django-2.1.4.tar.gz
    # cd Django-2.1.4
    # python setup.py install

如果顺利的话，安装完成。但是，遇到了两个问题

问题1：

[root@xxx Django-2.1.4]# python setup.py install
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "setup.py", line 32, in <module>
        """.format(*(REQUIRED_PYTHON + CURRENT_PYTHON)))
    ValueError: zero length field name in format
    [root@xoam Django-2.1.4]# python setup.py help
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "setup.py", line 32, in <module>
        """.format(*(REQUIRED_PYTHON + CURRENT_PYTHON)))
    ValueError: zero length field name in format

原因：上网查了一下有博主进一步分析得出是python版本的问题。检查了一下自己的环境除了python3.7还妆了python2.6，而python2.6是不支持django的。

解决：执行python命令带上python3全路径，例如

[root@xxx Django-2.1.4]# /opt/python3/Python-3.7.1/python setup.py install

或者使用python3

[root@xxx Django-2.1.4]# python3 setup.py install

以上报错解决后，安装过程遇到了第二个报错

问题2：

...
    Installed /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/Django-2.1.4-py3.7.egg
    Processing dependencies for Django==2.1.4
    Searching for pytz
    Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/pytz/
    Download error on https://pypi.python.org/simple/pytz/: unknown url type: https -- Some packages may not be found!
    Couldn't find index page for 'pytz' (maybe misspelled?)
    Scanning index of all packages (this may take a while)
    Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/
    Download error on https://pypi.python.org/simple/: unknown url type: https -- Some packages may not be found!
    No local packages or working download links found for pytz
    error: Could not find suitable distribution for Requirement.parse('pytz')

于是去python官网下载pytz安装（同样解压后去pytz路径执行python setup.py install）

[https://pypi.org/project/pytz/\#files][https_pypi.org_project_pytz_files]

再去安装Django，成功~

...
    Installed /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/Django-2.1.4-py3.7.egg
    Processing dependencies for Django==2.1.4
    Searching for pytz==2018.7
    Best match: pytz 2018.7
    Processing pytz-2018.7-py3.7.egg
    pytz 2018.7 is already the active version in easy-install.pth
    
    Using /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pytz-2018.7-py3.7.egg
    Finished processing dependencies for Django==2.1.4
    [root@xxx Django-2.1.4]# /opt/python3/Python-3.7.1/python -m django --version
    2.1.4

（End）

====================================

*            分           割          线*

====================================

一些学习笔记（有点乱哈哈，没地方放了）

课程视频 [https://www.imooc.com/learn/790][https_www.imooc.com_learn_790]

（一）安装Django(参考[https://www.djangoproject.com/download/][https_www.djangoproject.com_download])

环境：Windows，Python3.7

可以用pip安装，使用命令 ***pip install Django==<版本号>***

*C:\\>* *pip install Django==2.1.4*

也可以用源码安装（下载tar.gz然后进入目录执行 python setup.py install）

（二）创建项目及应用

安装Django后就可以在命令行执行 ***django-admin*** 这个命令了

**创建项目**

打开命令行，进入想要安置项目的路径

命令行输入：django-admin startproject myblog （若没有报错，则创建项目成功）

*C:\\>cd imoocBlog*

*C:\\imoocBlog>django-admin startproject myblog*

*C:\\imoocBlog>*

使用PyCharm打开Project，可以看到目录层级

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

回到命令行，执行如下命令

*C:\\imoocBlog\\myblog>python manage.py runserver  
Performing system checks...*

*System check identified no issues (0 silenced).*

*You have 15 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions.  
Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.  
December 19, 2018 - 21:48:05  
Django version 2.1.4, using settings 'myblog.settings'  
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/  
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.*

打开Chrome，输入网址[http://127.0.0.1:8000/][http_127.0.0.1_8000] 或者 [http://localhost:8000/][http_localhost_8000] 看到如下页面

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

8000是默认端口，如果想用别的端口，也是可以滴~ 启动命令改成   ***python manage.py runserver <端口号>***

**创建应用**

打开命令行，进入项目中manage.py同级目录

输入如下命令创建应用blog，执行完后 manage.py同级目录下出现blog/这个文件夹

注意：应用名不可以和python中的模块名相同

*C:\\imoocBlog\\myblog>python manage.py startapp blog*

*C:\\imoocBlog\\myblog>dir  
...*

* C:\\imoocBlog\\myblog 的目录*

*2018/12/19  22:17    <DIR>          .  
2018/12/19  22:17    <DIR>          ..  
2018/12/19  22:17    **<DIR>          blog**  
2018/12/19  21:48                 0 db.sqlite3  
2018/12/19  21:40               553 manage.py  
2018/12/19  21:47    <DIR>          myblog  
               2 个文件            553 字节  
               4 个目录  2,652,831,744 可用字节*

*C:\\imoocBlog\\myblog>*

添加应用名到 settings.py 的 INSTALL\_APPS 中

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

**创建第一个页面（响应）**

先看一下目录结构

![2018121922263788.png][]

编辑myblog/blog/views.py

from django.shortcuts import render
    from django.http import HttpResponse
    # Create your views here.
    def index(request):
        return HttpResponse('Hello,word!')

编辑myblog/myblog/urls.py 仿照例子添加 urlpatterns（采用的是注释提示的第一种方法Function views）

![20181219223418991.png][]

"""myblog URL Configuration
    
    The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
        https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/http/urls/
    Examples:
    Function views
        1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
        2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
    Class-based views
        1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
        2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
    Including another URLconf
        1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
        2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
    """
    from django.contrib import admin
    from django.urls import path
    import blog.views as bv
    urlpatterns = [
        path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
        path('blog/', bv.index),
    ]

到命令行启动server

*C:\\imoocBlog\\myblog>python manage.py runserver*

打开网页 [http://127.0.0.1:8000/blog/][http_127.0.0.1_8000_blog]，可以看到views.py文件中index函数返回的 Hello,word!

步骤总结

（1）编辑blog.views

每个响应对应一个函数，函数必须返回一个响应

函数必须存在一个参数，一般约定为request

每一个响应(函数)对应一个URL

（2）配置URL(编辑urls.py)

每个URL都以url的形式写出来

url函数放在urlpatterns列表中

url函数三个参数：URL(正则)，对应方法，名称

![2018121922395612.png][]

（三）第一个模板

import blog.views as bv

urlpatterns = \[

path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

path('index/', bv.index),

[https_docs.djangoproject.com_en_dev_faq_install_what-python-version-can-i-use-with-django]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/faq/install/#what-python-version-can-i-use-with-django
[https_www.djangoproject.com_download]: https://www.djangoproject.com/download/
[https_pypi.org_project_pytz_files]: https://pypi.org/project/pytz/#files
[https_www.imooc.com_learn_790]: https://www.imooc.com/learn/790
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220404/54d48b31e32d4ab39b680a9b469db66d.png
[http_127.0.0.1_8000]: http://127.0.0.1:8000/
[http_localhost_8000]: http://localhost:8000/
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20220404/0711e53d929c4cadab0336dfbc3b041b.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20220404/8328a0b5fa1540cf83668995b1a2cdf5.png
[2018121922263788.png]: /images/20220404/65785a12005d4b8dae85aa7736b97336.png
[20181219223418991.png]: /images/20220404/ea55298209f340c5aaf59f07741c6b50.png
[http_127.0.0.1_8000_blog]: http://127.0.0.1:8000/blog/
[2018121922395612.png]: /images/20220404/b7925a28916c435f84c91df09f65a997.png