docker系列1：docker安装和基本使用篇

淩亂°似流年 2022-04-04 06:26 305阅读 0赞

*  docker 国内镜像加速站点：

wang@wang-T58-V:~$ cat /etc/docker/daemon.json 
    {"registry-mirrors":["https://registry.docker-cn.com","https://reg-mirror.qiniu.com","http://hub-mirror.c.163.com","https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"]}

*  国内镜像市场： [https://hub.qiniu.com/][https_hub.qiniu.com]， [https://hub.daocloud.io/][https_hub.daocloud.io]

### 文章目录 ###

*  1，docker 安装配置
 *   *  a, ubuntu 安装docker
     *  b, centos6安装docker:测试环境
     *  c, centos7 安装docker
     *   *  \[配置： 使用阿里云镜像加速\]
 *  2，docker 镜像管理
 *   *  a, docker 查看本地镜像
     *  b, docker 运行nignx程序
 *  3, docker容器和主机的交互：
 *   *   *  A, 在容器外执行命令
         *  B, 文件拷贝
         *  C, 由主机进入容器中
 *  4, docker 管理容器生命周期

docker 简介：docker官方安装文档：(yum安装,apt 安装, tar包解压安装) [https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ce/centos/][https_docs.docker.com_install_linux_docker-ce_centos]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V5ZW9mZWFnbGU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
基本概念： container, image

*  镜像： is an executable package that includes everything needed to run an application–the code, a runtime, libraries, environment variables, and configuration files.
 *  容器： is launched by running an image，is a runtime instance of an image–what the image becomes in memory when executed (that is, an image with state, or a user process)

# 1，docker 安装配置 #

## a, ubuntu 安装docker ##

# step 1: 安装必要的docker依赖
    sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
    # step 2: 安装GPG证书
    curl -fsSL http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
    
    # Step 3: 写入软件源信息
    sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
    # Step 4: 更新并安装 Docker-CE
    sudo apt-get -y update
    sudo apt-get -y install docker-ce

## b, centos6安装docker:测试环境 ##

[二进制包安装指南: https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ce/binaries/][https_docs.docker.com_install_linux_docker-ce_binaries]  
[cgroupfs-mount脚本：https://github.com/tianon/cgroupfs-mount/blob/master/cgroupfs-mount][cgroupfs-mount_https_github.com_tianon_cgroupfs-mount_blob_master_cgroupfs-mount]

#1, centos6升级内核:2.6.x --> 3.10+
    ## centos6内核版本太低，不支持docker,需要升级内核
    	# FATA[2019-11-13T09:35:11.425842848+08:00] Your Linux kernel version 2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 
    	# is not supported for running docker. Please upgrade your kernel to 3.10.0 or newer. 
    rpm -Uv https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-6-9.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm --nodeps
    yum -y  install kernel-lt kernel-lt-headers kernel-lt-devel --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel 
    
    #修改grup.conf, 重启生效
    sed -i s/default=1/default=0/   /etc/grub.conf
    sed -i s/default=1/default=0/  /boot/grub/grub.conf
    
    #2,下载docker二进制安装包
    wget https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-17.03.0-ce.tgz
    tar -xvf docker-17.03.0-ce.tgz 
    cd docker-17.03.0 ; mv * /usr/local/bin
    dockerd & #启动服务
    
    #3, centos6启动一般会报错：Devices cgroup isn't mounted
    #这时需要使用到: mout-group.sh脚本,从git上找到文件，复制过来就行
    [root@c6 ~]# cat /usr/local/bin/mout-group.sh
    #!/bin/sh
    # Copyright 2011 Canonical, Inc
    # 2014 Tianon Gravi
    # Author: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
    # Tianon Gravi <tianon@debian.org>
    set -e
    
    # for simplicity this script provides no flexibility
    
    # if cgroup is mounted by fstab, don't run
    # don't get too smart - bail on any uncommented entry with 'cgroup' in it
    if grep -v '^#' /etc/fstab | grep -q cgroup; then
    	echo 'cgroups mounted from fstab, not mounting /sys/fs/cgroup'
    	exit 0
    fi
    
    # kernel provides cgroups?
    if [ ! -e /proc/cgroups ]; then
    	exit 0
    fi
    
    # if we don't even have the directory we need, something else must be wrong
    if [ ! -d /sys/fs/cgroup ]; then
    	exit 0
    fi
    
    # mount /sys/fs/cgroup if not already done
    if ! mountpoint -q /sys/fs/cgroup; then
    	mount -t tmpfs -o uid=0,gid=0,mode=0755 cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup
    fi
    cd /sys/fs/cgroup
    
    # get/mount list of enabled cgroup controllers
    for sys in $(awk '!/^#/ { if ($4 == 1) print $1 }' /proc/cgroups); do
    	mkdir -p $sys
    	if ! mountpoint -q $sys; then
    		if ! mount -n -t cgroup -o $sys cgroup $sys; then
    			rmdir $sys || true
    		fi
    	fi
    done
    chmod +x /usr/local/bin/cgroupfs-mount.sh
    
    #4, 设置开机启动
    [ -f /etc/rc.d/rc.local ] && [ ! -x /etc/rc.d/rc.local ] && chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
    cat  >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local  <<EOF /usr/local/bin/cgroupfs-mount.sh dockerd & EOF
    
    reboot #重启后，docker即可正常使用

## c, centos7 安装docker ##

#卸载旧的版本
    rpm -qa |grep docker |xargs -n 1  rpm -e --nodeps
    
    #1, 配置docker依赖
    yum -y install yum-utils device-mapper-persisten-data lvm2
    yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
    yum list docker-ce
    
    #2, 下载安装docker
    yum -y install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io # 指定版本安装docker-ce-17.12.1.ce
    systemctl start docker
    systemctl enable docker
    
    #3,查看安装后的dock版本信息
    docker version

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V5ZW9mZWFnbGU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

### \[配置： 使用阿里云镜像加速\] ###

在阿里云注册docker仓库： https://cr.console.aliyun.com

# repo addr: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/docker_eyeofeagle/
    sudo docker login --username=18010031897 registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com

镜像加速 local config :

#1，创建配置文件
    sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
    { 
      "registry-mirrors": ["https://yywkvob3.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
    }
    EOF
    #或者编辑 /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service文件
    #ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd --insecure-registry a.a.a.a:5000 --registry-mirrors https://yywkvob3.mirror.aliyuncs.com
    
    
    #2， 重启docker服务
    #sudo systemctl daemon-reload
    #sudo systemctl restart docker
    service docker restart
    
    # 3, 查看配置是否生效
    ################# docker info 显示的前后变化############
    Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
    Debug Mode (client): false
    Debug Mode (server): false
    Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
    Labels:
    Experimental: false
    Insecure Registries:
     127.0.0.0/8
    Registry Mirrors:					 ##### 新增了一条信息###########
     https://yywkvob3.mirror.aliyuncs.com/  ##### 新增了一条信息###########
    Live Restore Enabled: false
    Product License: Community Engine

# 2，docker 镜像管理 #

docker ENV 传参--> 动态修改配置文件 
      1, 在dockerfile启动命令中，添加修改命令:  sed -i "s/param1=.*/param1=$param1/" filename
      2, 重新构建镜像
      3, docker run -itd .... -e "param1=value1" xximag  ==> 镜像里面有了变量： echo $param1, 会获取到value1
      
    
    镜像导入导出：
    	docker run -it --name b1 busybox
    		docker cp ./ b1:/root/
    	docker commit -m 'busybox1' b1 b1
    
    	docker save b1 |gzip > b1.img
    	docker load < b1.img
    
    推送镜像到仓库
    root@wang-GA-MA770T-UD3P:/home/wang/txt# docker images |grep registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kube_eyeofeagle/ |awk '{print $1":"$2}'
    registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kube_eyeofeagle/kube-proxy:v1.13.1
    
    root@wang-GA-MA770T-UD3P:/home/wang/txt# docker images |grep registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kube_eyeofeagle/ |awk '{print $1":"$2}'|xargs -n 1 docker push
    The push refers to repository [registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kube_eyeofeagle/kube-proxy]
    f9cdaf1489a0: Pushed 
    5fe6d025ca50: Pushed

## a, docker 查看本地镜像 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V5ZW9mZWFnbGU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

## b, docker 运行nignx程序 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][2018121516530681.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V5ZW9mZWFnbGU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]

# 3, docker容器和主机的交互： #

### A, 在容器外执行命令 ###

[root@hadoop01 ~]# docker exec -it busyboxy1 sh -c 'hostname; ls /; echo 123'
    6bf6bde51306
    bin   dev   etc   home  proc  root  sys   tmp   usr   var
    123

### B, 文件拷贝 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][2018121517034068.png]![在这里插入图片描述][20181215170357335.png]

### C, 由主机进入容器中 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][20181215170712611.png]

# 4, docker 管理容器生命周期 #

查看运行中的所有容器, 停止容器，删除容器  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V5ZW9mZWFnbGU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]

[https_hub.qiniu.com]: https://hub.qiniu.com/
[https_hub.daocloud.io]: https://hub.daocloud.io/
[https_docs.docker.com_install_linux_docker-ce_centos]: https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ce/centos/
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V5ZW9mZWFnbGU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220404/6c3eddb372f9464099fff0f8a1a87b41.png
[https_docs.docker.com_install_linux_docker-ce_binaries]: https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ce/binaries/
[cgroupfs-mount_https_github.com_tianon_cgroupfs-mount_blob_master_cgroupfs-mount]: https://github.com/tianon/cgroupfs-mount/blob/master/cgroupfs-mount
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V5ZW9mZWFnbGU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20220404/4c2720d0aaf94d1c81423e456e27e8dd.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V5ZW9mZWFnbGU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20220404/4d150ec0e7d64053840f3257ecc5217b.png
[2018121516530681.png]: /images/20220404/5ffc495d8c9a4174a0ec3929c3800e88.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V5ZW9mZWFnbGU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: /images/20220404/edd12d23b99f42a9bb9e650a812b469d.png
[2018121517034068.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2018121517034068.png
[20181215170357335.png]: /images/20220404/50ce235fd6bc4846a660f156532046e4.png
[20181215170712611.png]: /images/20220404/4e86f659a04e4a4480ccfc70e29fa3e3.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2V5ZW9mZWFnbGU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: /images/20220404/c5a9c5e4e5bc481983e9b7d68ede7e5d.png