在word中实现代码的语法高亮

一时失言乱红尘 2022-03-26 19:05 574阅读 0赞

有时写文档时需要将代码粘贴到word中，但直接粘贴到word中的代码虽能保持换行与缩进等格式，但在一般代码编辑工具中的关键字高亮功能却无法实现，即粘贴到word中的代码不在具有丰富的色彩。使用一款免费软件——notepad++即可实现将关键字高亮的代码粘贴到word中。

首先用notepad++打开源代码文件。notepad++能识别C/C++、Java、matlab等多种语言的源代码。选中要粘贴的代码（如果该代码文件中的所有内容均需要粘贴，则无需选中文字）。然后在选择 插件->NppExport->Copy HTML to clipboard。

然后在word中粘贴即可。

此外，关键字的颜色也可以根据自己的需求在notepad++中进行设置，设置方法：菜单->格式->语言格式设置

\--------------------------------

也可以参考侯捷《word排版艺术》中的vba脚本

由于是代码，所以推荐中文使用宋体（注释中），而英文使用等宽字体（courier new）。

\-------------------------------------

最近我经常在word 里面写东西，发现程序代码拷贝到word 里面就没有了在代码编辑器里面的那种语法高亮的效果，感觉不爽。于是我上网搜了搜，发现目前在word 中实现语法高亮的方法主要是通过安装一个插件。由于我先天的对插件比较反感，所以自己动手，使用word 等office 软件都支持的VBA (Visual BAsic For Application) 写了一个语法高亮的宏。

这个宏的功能比较简单，就是利用得到文档中选中部分的代码，然后分词，判断该词的类别，然后着色。我现在使用的分词方法是VBA 提供的，大部分情况下和我们预期的比较一致。但是在某些情况下，比如连续的分隔符，这种分词方法会和C 语言分析器的分词结果不同的。

这个宏除了可以语法着色，还可以为代码标注行号。（听说侯捷在《word 排版艺术》一书中也有一个为代码添加行号的宏。不知道他的宏和我的宏是否雷同。如有雷同，纯属巧合：）

![None.gif][]   ' script to high light code In document   
![None.gif][]   
![None.gif][] Private   Function  isKeyword(w)  As   Boolean   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]     Dim  keys  As   New  Collection  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]     With  keys  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]        .Add  "  if " : .Add  " else " : .Add  " switch " : .Add  " case " : .Add  " default " : .Add  " break "   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]        .Add  " goto " : .Add  " return " : .Add  " for " : .Add  " while " : .Add  " do " : .Add  " continue "   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]        .Add  " typedef " : .Add  " sizeof " : .Add  " NULL " : .Add  " new " : .Add  " delete " : .Add  " throw "   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]        .Add  " try " : .Add  " catch " : .Add  " namespace " : .Add  " operator " : .Add  " this " : .Add  " const\_cast "   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]        .Add  " static\_cast " : .Add  " dynamic\_cast " : .Add  " reinterpret\_cast " : .Add  " true "   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]        .Add  " false " : .Add  " null " : .Add  " using " : .Add  " typeid " : .Add  " and " : .Add  " and\_eq "   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]        .Add  " bitand " : .Add  " bitor " : .Add  " compl " : .Add  " not " : .Add  " not\_eq " : .Add  " or "   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]        .Add  " or\_eq " : .Add  " xor " : .Add  " xor\_eq "   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]     End   With   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]    isKeyword  =  isSpecial(w, keys)  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][] End Function   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][] Private   Function  isSpecial(ByVal w  As   String , ByRef col  As  Collection)  As   Boolean   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]     For   Each  i In col  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]         If  w  =  i  Then   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]            isSpecial  =   True   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]             Exit   Function   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]         End   If   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]     Next   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]    isspeical  =   False   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][] End Function   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][] Private   Function  isOperator(w)  As   Boolean   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]     Dim  ops  As   New  Collection  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]     With  ops  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]        .Add  " \+ " : .Add  " \- " : .Add  " \* " : .Add  " / " : .Add  " & " : .Add  " ^ " : .Add  " ; "   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]        .Add  " % " : .Add  " \# " : .Add  " ! " : .Add  " : " : .Add  " , " : .Add  " . "   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]        .Add  " || " : .Add  " && " : .Add  " | " : .Add  " = " : .Add  " \++ " : .Add  " \-- "   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]        .Add  " ' " : .Add  " "" "   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]     End   With   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]    isOperator  =  isSpecial(w, ops)  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][] End Function   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][] Private   Function  isType(ByVal w  As   String )  As   Boolean   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]     Dim  types  As   New  Collection  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]     With  types  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]        .Add  " void " : .Add  " struct " : .Add  " union " : .Add  " enum " : .Add  " char " : .Add  " short " : .Add  " int "   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]        .Add  " long " : .Add  " double " : .Add  " float " : .Add  " signed " : .Add  " unsigned " : .Add  " const " : .Add  " static "   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]        .Add  " extern " : .Add  " auto " : .Add  " register " : .Add  " volatile " : .Add  " bool " : .Add  " class " : .Add  "  private "   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]        .Add  " protected " : .Add  " public " : .Add  " friend " : .Add  " inlIne " : .Add  " template " : .Add  " virtual "   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]        .Add  " asm " : .Add  " explicit " : .Add  " typename "   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]     End   With   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]    isType  =  isSpecial(w, types)  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][] End Function   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][] Sub  SyntaxHighlight()  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]     Dim  wordCount  As   Integer   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]     Dim  d  As   Integer   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]     '  set the style of selection   
![None.gif][]   
![None.gif][]    Selection.Style  =   " ccode "   
![None.gif][]      
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]    d  =   0   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]    wordCount  =  Selection.Words.Count  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]    Selection.StartOf wdWord  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]     While  d  <  wordCount  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]        d  =  d  \+  Selection.MoveRight(wdWord,  1 , wdExtend)  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]        w  =  Selection.Text  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]         If  isKeyword( Trim (w))  =   True   Then   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]            Selection.Font.Color  =  wdColorBlue  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]         ElseIf  isType( Trim (w))  =   True   Then   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]            Selection.Font.Color  =  wdColorDarkRed  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]            Selection.Font.Bold  =   True   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]         ElseIf  isOperator( Trim (w))  =   True   Then   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]            Selection.Font.Color  =  wdColorBrown  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]         ElseIf   Trim (w)  =   " // "   Then   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]             ' lIne comment   
![None.gif][]   
![None.gif][]            Selection.MoveEnd wdLine,  1   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]            commentWords  =  Selection.Words.Count  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]            d  =  d  \+  commentWords  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]            Selection.Font.Color  =  wdColorGreen  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]            Selection.MoveStart wdWord, commentWords  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]          ElseIf   Trim (w)  =   " /\* "   Then   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]             ' block comment   
![None.gif][]   
![None.gif][]             While  Selection.Characters.Last  <>   " / "   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]                Selection.MoveLeft wdCharacter,  1 , wdExtend  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]                Selection.MoveEndUntil ( " \* " )  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]                Selection.MoveRight wdCharacter,  2 , wdExtend  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]             Wend   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]            commentWords  =  Selection.Words.Count  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]            d  =  d  \+  commentWords  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]            Selection.Font.Color  =  wdColorGreen  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]            Selection.MoveStart wdWord, commentWords  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]         End   If   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]         ' move the start of selection to next word   
![None.gif][]   
![None.gif][]        Selection.MoveStart wdWord  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]     Wend   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]     '  prepare For set lIne number   
![None.gif][]   
![None.gif][]    Selection.MoveLeft wdWord, wordCount, wdExtend  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]    SetLIneNumber  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][] End Sub   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][] Private   Sub  SetLIneNumber()  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]     Dim  lines  As   Integer   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]    lines  =  Selection.Paragraphs.Count  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]    Selection.StartOf wdParagraph  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]     For  l  =   1   To  lines  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]        lIneNum  =  l  &   "   "   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]         If  l  <   10   Then   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]            lIneNum  =  lIneNum  &   "   "   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]         End   If   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]        Selection.Text  =  lIneNum  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]        Selection.Font.Bold  =   False   
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]        Selection.Font.Color  =  wdColorAutomatic  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]        p  =  Selection.MoveDown(wdLine,  1 , wdMove)  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]        Selection.StartOf wdLine  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][]     Next  l  
![None.gif][]  
![None.gif][] End Sub

下面是我给出的使用说明，原文没给出使用说明。使用方法：  
1） 首先为当前文档新定义一个样式，命名为"ccode"，专门用来对c代码进行格式化。由于是代码，所以推荐中文使用宋体（注释中），而英文使用等宽字体（courier new）。建立样式的步骤：在word2003中，“格式” → “新样式” 2）将上面的vba代码拷贝到文档中，步骤：在word2003中，“工具” → “宏” → ”VB编辑器“ → ”Normal工程“ → ”Microsoft Word 对象“ ，双击 ”thisDocument"对象，将上面的代码拷贝到新开的窗口中。  
  
当然你也可以把ccode样式和highlight脚本保存到normal模板中，这样以后你再写代码的时候就可以直接用了，不用自己再辛苦定义这些了。  
  
3）选定代码文本，然后执行highlight脚本： “格式” → “宏” → “宏”， 选择SyntaxHighlight宏，然后执行就可以了。  
  
如果想定制语法高亮，那么修改上面的脚本就是了。

[None.gif]: /images/20220326/9afb6d45c9274528a838f9f2c32b8c0b.png