Requests库基本使用

红太狼 2022-03-26 08:23 252阅读 0赞

# 简介 #

Requests是一个优雅而简单的Python HTTP库，专为人类而构建

# 基本使用 #

import requests
    
    kv={ 'wd':'卷福'}
    headers = { 
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.106 Safari/537.36'
    }
    
    #params 接收一个字典或者字符串的查询参数，字典类型自动转换成url编码，不需要urlencode()
    r = requests.get("http://www.baidu.com/s",params = kv , headers = headers)
    
    # 查看响应内容，t.text 返回的是Unicode格式的数据
    #print(r.text)
    
    # 查看响应内容，r.content返回字节流数据
    #print(r.content)
    
    # 查看完整的url地址
    #print(r.url)
    
    # 设置编码格式
    #r.encoding='gbk'
    
    # 查看响头部字符编码
    #print(r.encoding)
    
    # 查看响应码
    #print(r.status_code)
    
    # 保存到文件baidu.html
    # with open('baidu.html','wb') as fp:
    # fp.write(r.content)

# 发送POST请求 #

import requests
    url='http://httpbin.org/post'
    data={ 
        'k':'v'
    }
    r = requests.post(url, data = data)

# JSON格式解码 #

Requests 中也有一个内置的 JSON 解码器，帮助处理 JSON 数据:

import requests
    r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')
    print(r.json())

# 使用代理访问 #

import requests
    url = "http://httpbin.org/ip"
    
    proxy = { 
        'http':'163.125.18.193:8888'
    }
    r = requests.get(url,proxies=proxy)
    print(r.text)

# cookie #

import requests
    s = requests.Session()
    s.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/sessioncookie/123456789')
    r = s.get("http://httpbin.org/cookies")
    print(r.text)

中文文档

*  [http://docs.python-requests.org/zh\_CN/latest/user/quickstart.html][http_docs.python-requests.org_zh_CN_latest_user_quickstart.html]
 *  [http://docs.python-requests.org/zh\_CN/latest/user/advanced.html\#advanced][http_docs.python-requests.org_zh_CN_latest_user_advanced.html_advanced]

[http_docs.python-requests.org_zh_CN_latest_user_quickstart.html]: http://docs.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/user/quickstart.html
[http_docs.python-requests.org_zh_CN_latest_user_advanced.html_advanced]: http://docs.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/user/advanced.html#advanced