java并发实战：连接池实现

川长思鸟来 2022-03-25 03:06 163阅读 0赞

## 池化技术简介 ##

在我们使用数据库的过程中，我们往往使用数据库连接池而不是直接使用数据库连接进行操作，这是因为每一个数据库连接的创建和销毁的代价是昂贵的，而池化技术则预先创建了资源，这些资源是可复用的,这样就保证了在多用户情况下只能使用指定数目的资源，避免了一个用户创建一个连接资源，造成程序运行开销过大。[关于Java并发编程的总结和思考][Java]

## 连接池实现原理 ##

这里只实现一个简易的连接池，更多复杂的需求可根据该连接池进行改进，该连接池主要参数如下：

1.  一个繁忙队列busy
2.  一个空闲队列idle
3.  连接池最大活动连接数maxActive
4.  连接池最大等待时间maxWait
5.  连接池的活动连接数activeSize

程序流程图如下：

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3cxNzgxOTE1MjA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

## 代码实现 ##

泛型接口ConnectionPool.java

public interface ConnectionPool<T> {
    
        /**
         * 初始化池资源
         * @param maxActive 池中最大活动连接数
         * @param maxWait 最大等待时间
         */
        void init(Integer maxActive, Long maxWait);
    
        /**
         * 从池中获取资源
         * @return 连接资源
         */
        T getResource() throws Exception;
    
        /**
         * 释放连接
         * @param connection 正在使用的连接
         */
        void release(T connection) throws Exception;
    
        /**
         * 释放连接池资源
         */
        void close();
    
    
    }

以zookeeper为例，实现zookeeper连接池，ZookeeperConnectionPool.java

public class ZookeeperConnectionPool implements ConnectionPool<ZooKeeper> {
        //最大活动连接数
        private Integer maxActive; 
        //最大等待时间
        private Long maxWait; 
        //空闲队列
        private LinkedBlockingQueue<ZooKeeper> idle = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
        //繁忙队列
        private LinkedBlockingQueue<ZooKeeper> busy = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
        //连接池活动连接数
        private AtomicInteger activeSize = new AtomicInteger(0);
        //连接池关闭标记
        private AtomicBoolean isClosed = new AtomicBoolean(false);
        //总共获取的连接记数
        private AtomicInteger createCount = new AtomicInteger(0);
        //等待zookeeper客户端创建完成的计数器
        private static ThreadLocal<CountDownLatch> latchThreadLocal = ThreadLocal.withInitial(() -> new CountDownLatch(1));
    
        public ZookeeperConnectionPool(Integer maxActive, Long maxWait) {
            this.init(maxActive, maxWait);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void init(Integer maxActive, Long maxWait) {
            this.maxActive = maxActive;
            this.maxWait = maxWait;
        }
    
        @Override
        public ZooKeeper getResource() throws Exception {
            ZooKeeper zooKeeper;
            Long nowTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = latchThreadLocal.get();
            
            //空闲队列idle是否有连接
            if ((zooKeeper = idle.poll()) == null) {
                //判断池中连接数是否小于maxActive
                if (activeSize.get() < maxActive) {
                    //先增加池中连接数后判断是否小于等于maxActive
                    if (activeSize.incrementAndGet() <= maxActive) {
                        //创建zookeeper连接
                        zooKeeper = new ZooKeeper("localhost", 5000, (watch) -> {
                            if (watch.getState() == Watcher.Event.KeeperState.SyncConnected) {
                                countDownLatch.countDown();
                            }
                        });
                        countDownLatch.await();
                        System.out.println("Thread:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "获取连接：" + createCount.incrementAndGet() + "条");
                        busy.offer(zooKeeper);
                        return zooKeeper;
                    } else {
                        //如增加后发现大于maxActive则减去增加的
                        activeSize.decrementAndGet();
                    }
                }
                //若活动线程已满则等待busy队列释放连接
                try {
                    System.out.println("Thread:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "等待获取空闲资源");
                    Long waitTime = maxWait - (System.currentTimeMillis() - nowTime);
                    zooKeeper = idle.poll(waitTime, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    throw new Exception("等待异常");
                }
                //判断是否超时
                if (zooKeeper != null) {
                    System.out.println("Thread:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "获取连接：" + createCount.incrementAndGet() + "条");
                    busy.offer(zooKeeper);
                    return zooKeeper;
                } else {
                    System.out.println("Thread:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "获取连接超时，请重试！");
                    throw new Exception("Thread:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "获取连接超时，请重试！");
                }
            }
            //空闲队列有连接，直接返回
            busy.offer(zooKeeper);
            return zooKeeper;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void release(ZooKeeper connection) throws Exception {
            if (connection == null) {
                System.out.println("connection 为空");
                return;
            }
            if (busy.remove(connection)){
                idle.offer(connection);
            } else {
                activeSize.decrementAndGet();
                throw new Exception("释放失败");
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public void close() {
            if (isClosed.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
                idle.forEach((zooKeeper) -> {
                    try {
                        zooKeeper.close();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                });
                busy.forEach((zooKeeper) -> {
                    try {
                        zooKeeper.close();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                });
            }
        }
    }

## 测试用例 ##

这里创建20个线程并发测试连接池，Test.java

public class Test {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
            int threadCount = 20;
            Integer maxActive = 10;
            Long maxWait = 10000L;
            ZookeeperConnectionPool pool = new ZookeeperConnectionPool(maxActive, maxWait);
            CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(20);
            for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {
                new Thread(() -> {
                    countDownLatch.countDown();
                    try {
                        countDownLatch.await();
                        ZooKeeper zooKeeper = pool.getResource();
                        Thread.sleep(2000);
                        pool.release(zooKeeper);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
    
                }).start();
            }
            while (true){
    
            }
        }
    }

来源：[https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000017926611][https_segmentfault.com_a_1190000017926611]

[Java]: http://www.jqhtml.com/14523.html
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3cxNzgxOTE1MjA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220325/bef5271edfc541aaaba18d88d6641ac8.png
[https_segmentfault.com_a_1190000017926611]: https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000017926611