Sshd_config配置文件详解--很实用

港控/mmm° 2022-03-24 15:20 371阅读 0赞

ssh是linux远程登录的安全协议，是 C/S 模式的架构，配置文件分为服务器端配置文件 \[/etc/ssh/sshd\_config\] 与客户端配置文件默认配置文件\[/etc/ssh/ssh\_config\]    用户配置文件\[~/.ssh/config\]   
sshd\_config 是服务端主配置文件。这个文件的宿主应当是root，权限最大可以是”644”

\#       $OpenBSD: sshd\_config,v 1.100 2016/08/15 12:32:04 naddy Exp $

\# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file.  See  
\# sshd\_config(5) for more information.

\# This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin

\# The strategy used for options in the default sshd\_config shipped with  
\# OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where  
\# possible, but leave them commented.  Uncommented options override the  
\# default value.

\# If you want to change the port on a SELinux system, you have to tell  
\# SELinux about this change.  
\# semanage port -a -t ssh\_port\_t -p tcp \#PORTNUMBER    <==在开启selinux的系统上，修改ssh端口的要修改selinux规则，用此命令修改  
\#  
\#Port 22           <==默认ssh端口，生产环境中建议改成五位数的端口   
\#AddressFamily any   <==地址家族，any表示同时监听ipv4和ipv6地址  
\#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0  <==监听本机所有ipv4地址  
\#ListenAddress ::    <==监听本机所有ipv6地址  
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh\_host\_rsa\_key   <==ssh所使用的RSA私钥路径  
\#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh\_host\_dsa\_key  
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh\_host\_ecdsa\_key   <==ssh所使用的ECDSA私钥路径  
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh\_host\_ed25519\_key   <==ssh所使用的ED25519私钥路径

\# Ciphers and keying  
\#RekeyLimit default none

\# Logging  
\#SyslogFacility AUTH  
SyslogFacility AUTHPRIV    <==设定在记录来自sshd的消息的时候，是否给出“facility code”  
\#LogLevel INFO    <==日志记录级别，默认为info

\# Authentication:

\#LoginGraceTime 2m    <==限定用户认证时间为2min  
\#PermitRootLogin yes   <==是否允许root账户ssh登录，生产环境中建议改成no，使用普通账户ssh登录  
\#StrictModes yes    <==设置ssh在接收登录请求之前是否检查用户根目录和rhosts文件的权限和所有权，建议开启  
\#MaxAuthTries 6   <==指定每个连接最大允许的认证次数。默认值是 6  
\#MaxSessions 10   <==最大允许保持多少个连接。默认值是 10

\#PubkeyAuthentication yes  <==是否开启公钥验证

\# The default is to check both .ssh/authorized\_keys and .ssh/authorized\_keys2  
\# but this is overridden so installations will only check .ssh/authorized\_keys  
AuthorizedKeysFile      .ssh/authorized\_keys   <==公钥验证文件路径

\#AuthorizedPrincipalsFile none

\#AuthorizedKeysCommand none  
\#AuthorizedKeysCommandUser nobody

\# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh/ssh\_known\_hosts  
\#HostbasedAuthentication no  
\# Change to yes if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known\_hosts for  
\# HostbasedAuthentication   <==指定服务器在使用 ~/.shosts ~/.rhosts /etc/hosts.equiv 进行远程主机名匹配时，是否进行反向域名查询  
\#IgnoreUserKnownHosts no  <==是否在 RhostsRSAAuthentication 或 HostbasedAuthentication 过程中忽略用户的 ~/.ssh/known\_hosts 文件  
\# Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files  
\#IgnoreRhosts yes   <==是否在 RhostsRSAAuthentication 或 HostbasedAuthentication 过程中忽略 .rhosts 和 .shosts 文件

\# To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here!  
\#PasswordAuthentication yes  
\#PermitEmptyPasswords no    <==是否允许空密码  
PasswordAuthentication yes   <==是否允许密码验证，生产环境中建议改成no，只用密钥登录

\# Change to no to disable s/key passwords  
\#ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes  
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no   <==是否允许质疑-应答(challenge-response)认证

\# Kerberos options  
\#KerberosAuthentication no   <==是否使用Kerberos认证  
\#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes   <==如果 Kerberos 密码认证失败，那么该密码还将要通过其它的认证机制(比如 /etc/passwd)  
\#KerberosTicketCleanup yes  <==是否在用户退出登录后自动销毁用户的 ticket  
\#KerberosGetAFSToken no  <==如果使用了AFS并且该用户有一个 Kerberos 5 TGT，那么开启该指令后，将会在访问用户的家目录前尝试获取一个AFS token  
\#KerberosUseKuserok yes

\# GSSAPI options  
GSSAPIAuthentication yes   <==是否允许基于GSSAPI的用户认证  
GSSAPICleanupCredentials no    <==是否在用户退出登录后自动销毁用户凭证缓存  
\#GSSAPIStrictAcceptorCheck yes  
\#GSSAPIKeyExchange no  
\#GSSAPIEnablek5users no

\# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,  
\# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will  
\# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and  
\# PasswordAuthentication.  Depending on your PAM configuration,  
\# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass  
\# the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".  
\# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without  
\# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication  
\# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.  
\# WARNING: 'UsePAM no' is not supported in Red Hat Enterprise Linux and may cause several  
\# problems.  
UsePAM yes   <==是否通过PAM验证

\#AllowAgentForwarding yes  
\#AllowTcpForwarding yes  
\#GatewayPorts no     <==是否允许远程主机连接本地的转发端口  
X11Forwarding yes    <==是否允许X11转发  
\#X11DisplayOffset 10  <==指定sshd（8）X11转发的第一个可用的显示区(display)数字。默认值是10  
\#X11UseLocalhost yes  <==是否应当将X11转发服务器绑定到本地loopback地址  
\#PermitTTY yes  
\#PrintMotd yes     <==指定sshd(8)是否在每一次交互式登录时打印 /etc/motd 文件的内容  
\#PrintLastLog yes  <==指定sshd(8)是否在每一次交互式登录时打印最后一位用户的登录时间  
\#TCPKeepAlive yes  <==指定系统是否向客户端发送 TCP keepalive 消息  
\#UseLogin no   <==是否在交互式会话的登录过程中使用 login（1）  
\#UsePrivilegeSeparation sandbox  <==是否让 sshd(8) 通过创建非特权子进程处理接入请求的方法来进行权限分离  
\#PermitUserEnvironment no  <==指定是否允许sshd(8)处理~/.ssh/environment以及 ~/.ssh/authorized\_keys中的 environment= 选项  
\#Compression delayed  <==是否对通信数据进行加密，还是延迟到认证成功之后再对通信数据加密  
\#ClientAliveInterval 0  <==sshd(8)长时间没有收到客户端的任何数据，不发送"alive"消息  
\#ClientAliveCountMax 3   <==sshd(8)在未收到任何客户端回应前最多允许发送多个"alive"消息，默认值是 3   
\#ShowPatchLevel no  
\#UseDNS no      <==是否使用dns反向解析  
\#PidFile /var/run/sshd.pid   <==指定存放SSH守护进程的进程号的路径  
\#MaxStartups 10:30:100   <==最大允许保持多少个未认证的连接  
\#PermitTunnel no   <==是否允许tun(4)设备转发  
\#ChrootDirectory none  
\#VersionAddendum none

\# no default banner path  
\#Banner none  <==将这个指令指定的文件中的内容在用户进行认证前显示给远程用户，默认什么内容也不显示，"none"表示禁用这个特性

\# Accept locale-related environment variables  
AcceptEnv LANG LC\_CTYPE LC\_NUMERIC LC\_TIME LC\_COLLATE LC\_MONETARY LC\_MESSAGES  
AcceptEnv LC\_PAPER LC\_NAME LC\_ADDRESS LC\_TELEPHONE LC\_MEASUREMENT  
AcceptEnv LC\_IDENTIFICATION LC\_ALL LANGUAGE  
AcceptEnv XMODIFIERS

\# override default of no subsystems  
Subsystem       sftp    /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server   <==配置一个外部子系统sftp及其路径

\# Example of overriding settings on a per-user basis  
\#Match User anoncvs    <==引入一个条件块。块的结尾标志是另一个 Match 指令或者文件结尾      
\#       X11Forwarding no  
\#       AllowTcpForwarding no  
\#       PermitTTY no  
\#       ForceCommand cvs server  
\---------------------   
作者：独孤柯灵   
来源：CSDN   
原文：https://blog.csdn.net/u014721096/article/details/78559506   
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