定制centos镜像

朴灿烈づ我的快乐病毒、 2022-03-24 14:56 219阅读 0赞

准备材料：

1.CentOS-7.0-1406-x86\_64-DVD.iso

2.安装genisoimage工具

制作步骤：

1.复制光盘文件

1）挂载iso镜像  
创建目录用于挂载光盘：

mkdir /root/centos7

挂载iso镜像:

mount -o loop CentOS-7.0-1406-x86_64-DVD.iso/root/centos7

2）复制光盘文件到编辑目录进行编辑  
因为挂载上iso镜像是只读的，如果要编辑，需要将文件复制出来，再编辑。首先创建编辑目录：

mkdir /root/centos7_iso

复制光盘文件：

cp -rf /root/centos7/* /root/centos7_iso/

diskinfo文件需求单独拷贝下：

cp /root/centos7/.discinfo /root/iso

2.编辑ks.cfg文件  
系统安装的时候，按照ks.cfg文件的内容进行安装，我们把ks.cfg文件放到centos7\_iso目录下：

[root@localhost centos7_iso]# cd /root/centos7_iso/
    [root@localhost centos7_iso]# vim ks.cfg
    
    #version=RHEL/CentOS7 by centos7.3
    install
    cdrom
    lang zh_CN.UTF-8
    keyboard 'us'
    rootpw --iscrypted $6$RmgR38wbFvHVqtwZ$DSMVofI4.v1KJ75bUPnK6gXzugAcQ.lvUSN7RV/ztejiLFHJ1XoISnpM7isS4DldC0f3rpWM2drc1n0IbNUx0.
    firewall --disabled
    authconfig --enableshadow  --passalgo=sha512
    selinux --disabled
    timezone Asia/Shanghai
    
    %include /tmp/ks.inc
    graphical
    firstboot --disable
    #reboot --eject
    reboot
    %packages
    @additional-devel
    @base
    @core
    @debugging
    @development
    @dial-up
    @directory-client
    @performance
    userspace-rcu
    screen
    dialog
    libgcc.i686
    glibc.i686
    libstdc++.i686
    libuuid.i686
    tree
    iftop
    nload
    mtools
    mkisofs
    %end
    
    %pre
    
    var=$(cat /sys/devices/virtual/dmi/id/board_name)
    if [ $var == "SC612DI-16F" ];then
        P=--interactive
        DISK_SIZE=`mdadm --detail /dev/md126 | awk '/Array Size *:*/{printf("%d",$4/1024)}'`
    elif [ $var == "VirtualBox" ];then
        D=sda
        P="--only-use=$D"
        HDD=/dev/$D
        DISK_SIZE=`fdisk -l $HDD |awk '/Disk.*:.*bytes/{printf("%d",$5/1024/1024)}'`
    else
        D=`ls -ld /sys/block/sd?|grep -v usb|awk -F/ '{if(index($0,"1f.2")>0){print $NF;exit 0;}if(NR==1)D=$NF;}'`
        P="--only-use=$D"
        HDD=/dev/$D
        if [ $LANG == "en_US.UTF-8" ];then
            DISK_SIZE=`fdisk -l $HDD |awk '/Disk.*:.*bytes/{printf("%d",$5/1024/1024)}'`
        else
            DISK_SIZE=`fdisk -l $HDD |awk 'NR==2 {printf("%d",$4/1024/1024)}'`
        fi
    fi
    
    if [ $var == "VirtualBox" ];then
       BOOT_SIZE=512
       SWAP_SIZE=1024
       ROOT_SIZE=--grow
    elif [ $var == "SC612DI-16F" ];then
       if [ $DISK_SIZE -lt 460800 ] && [ $DISK_SIZE -gt 205000 ];then
          BOOT_SIZE=512
          SWAP_SIZE=8192
          RUDE_SIZE=10240
       elif [ $DISK_SIZE -lt 205000 ] && [ $DISK_SIZE -gt 102400 ];then
          BOOT_SIZE=512
          SWAP_SIZE=4096
          RUDE_SIZE=5120
       else
          BOOT_SIZE=1024
          SWAP_SIZE=16384
          RUDE_SIZE=20480
       fi
       TMP_SIZE=$[DISK_SIZE-BOOT_SIZE-SWAP_SIZE-RUDE_SIZE]
       ROOT_SIZE="--size=$TMP_SIZE"
    else
       if [ $DISK_SIZE -lt 460800 ] && [ $DISK_SIZE -gt 205000 ];then
          BOOT_SIZE=512
          SWAP_SIZE=8192
       elif [ $DISK_SIZE -lt 205000 ] && [ $DISK_SIZE -gt 102400 ];then
          BOOT_SIZE=512
          SWAP_SIZE=4096
       else
          BOOT_SIZE=1024
          SWAP_SIZE=16384
       fi
       ROOT_SIZE=--grow
    fi
    
    cat<<-END>/tmp/ks.inc
    skipx
    zerombr
    clearpart --all
    ignoredisk $P
    bootloader --location=mbr
    part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=$BOOT_SIZE
    part swap --fstype="swap" --size=$SWAP_SIZE
    part / --fstype="ext4" $ROOT_SIZE
    END
    %end
    
    %post
    eject
    reboot
    %end
    
    %addon com_redhat_kdump --disable
    %end

3.进入isolinux目录，编辑isolinux.cfg文件，整个文件代码如下：

[root@localhost centos7_iso]# cd isolinux/
    [root@localhost isolinux]# vim isolinux.cfg
    default vesamenu.c32
    timeout 600
    
    display boot.msg
    
    # Clear the screen when exiting the menu, instead of leaving the menu displayed.
    # For vesamenu, this means the graphical background is still displayed without
    # the menu itself for as long as the screen remains in graphics mode.
    menu clear
    menu background splash.png
    menu title CentOS Linux 7 -KLFS
    menu vshift 8
    menu rows 18
    menu margin 8
    #menu hidden
    menu helpmsgrow 15
    menu tabmsgrow 13
    
    # Border Area
    menu color border * #00000000 #00000000 none
    
    # Selected item
    menu color sel 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
    
    # Title bar
    menu color title 0 #ff7ba3d0 #00000000 none
    
    # Press [Tab] message
    menu color tabmsg 0 #ff3a6496 #00000000 none
    
    # Unselected menu item
    menu color unsel 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none
    
    # Selected hotkey
    menu color hotsel 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none
    
    # Unselected hotkey
    menu color hotkey 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
    
    # Help text
    menu color help 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
    
    # A scrollbar of some type? Not sure.
    menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #ff355594 none
    
    # Timeout msg
    menu color timeout 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
    menu color timeout_msg 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
    
    # Command prompt text
    menu color cmdmark 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none
    menu color cmdline 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
    
    # Do not display the actual menu unless the user presses a key. All that is displayed is a timeout message.
    
    menu tabmsg Press Tab for full configuration options on menu items.
    
    menu separator # insert an empty line
    menu separator # insert an empty line
    
    #label linux
    #  menu label ^Install CentOS Linux 7
    #  kernel vmlinuz
      #append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=ENTOS7 quiet
    #  append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS\x207\x20x86_64 quiet
    
    label custom
      menu label [^C]ustom 7 by autoinstall
      menu default
      kernel vmlinuz
    #  append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CENTOS7:/isolinux/ks.cfg inst.ks=cdrom:/isolinux/ks.cfg
      append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CENTOS7 inst.ks=hd:LABEL=CENTOS7:/ks.cfg quiet
      #append initrd=initrd.img inst.ks=hd:LABEL=CENTOS7:/ks.cfg inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CENTOS7 quiet
      #append initrd=initrd.img inst.ks=hd:sdb4=sdb4:/ks.cfg inst.stage2=hd:sdb4=sdb4 quiet
    #label check
    #  menu label Test this ^media & install CentOS Linux 7
    #  menu default
    #  kernel vmlinuz
    #  append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS\x207\x20x86_64 rd.live.check quiet
    
    menu separator # insert an empty line
    
    # utilities submenu
    menu begin ^Troubleshooting
      menu title Troubleshooting
    
    label vesa
      menu indent count 5
      menu label Install CentOS Linux 7 in ^basic graphics mode
      text help
        Try this option out if you're having trouble installing
        CentOS Linux 7.
      endtext
      kernel vmlinuz
      append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS\x207\x20x86_64 xdriver=vesa nomodeset quiet
    
    label rescue
      menu indent count 5
      menu label ^Rescue a CentOS Linux system
      text help
        If the system will not boot, this lets you access files
        and edit config files to try to get it booting again.
      endtext
      kernel vmlinuz
      append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS\x207\x20x86_64 rescue quiet
    
    label memtest
      menu label Run a ^memory test
      text help
        If your system is having issues, a problem with your
        system's memory may be the cause. Use this utility to
        see if the memory is working correctly.
      endtext
      kernel memtest
    
    menu separator # insert an empty line
    
    label local
      menu label Boot from ^local drive
      localboot 0xffff
    
    menu separator # insert an empty line
    menu separator # insert an empty line
    
    label returntomain
      menu label Return to ^main menu
      menu exit
    
    menu end

注意点：  
1）memu label 后面的内容是在光盘引导起来菜单的内容，^后面的字母是菜单的快捷键；  
2）通过inst.ks关键字指明ks.cfg文件位置；  
3）inst.stages2标识的是系统按照介质位置，这里使用hd:LABEL表明寻找的是label为CENTOS7的安装介质，使用LABEL关键字的好处是可以精确指定安装介质，为什么label是CENTOS7，是因为我在制作光盘镜像的时候指定的，方法在后面有介绍。

4.修改镜像源配置  
1)将需要增加的rpm软件包放到Packages目录下面  
2)复制comps.xml文件

[root@localhost centos7_iso]# cd /root/centos7_iso/
    [root@localhost centos7_iso]# cp /root/centos7_iso/repodata/*comps.xml comps.xml

3)清空repodata目录

[root@localhost centos7_iso]# rm -rf repodata/*

4)重新生成源文件

[root@localhost centos7_iso]# createrepo -g comps.xml .

注意：  
如果是需要删除软件包，则步骤是：  
1)将需要删除的rpm软件包从Packages目录下面删除  
2)复制comps.xml文件

[root@localhost centos7_iso]# cd /root/centos7_iso/
    [root@localhost centos7_iso]# cp /root/centos7_iso/repodata/*comps.xml comps.xml
    [root@localhost centos7_iso]# vim comps.xml

此时需要编译comps.xml文件将删除的包名从comps.xml文件里面删除  
3)清空repodata目录

[root@localhost centos7_iso]# rm -rf repodata/*

4)重新生成源文件

[root@localhost centos7_iso]# createrepo -g comps.xml .

5.生成镜像

genisoimage -v -cache-inodes -joliet-long -R -J -T -V CENTOS7 -o /root/CentOS-7-x86_64_Custom.iso -c isolinux/boot.cat -bisolinux/isolinux.bin -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -eltorito-alt-boot -b images/efiboot.img -no-emul-boot .