linux CentOS7 下 Docker镜像管理[image]（亲测非转载）

红太狼 2022-03-19 02:14 298阅读 0赞

docker安装参考：[https://blog.csdn.net/tangyaliang11/article/details/87266194][https_blog.csdn.net_tangyaliang11_article_details_87266194]  
docker官方镜像列表地址：[https://hub.docker.com/search?q=&type=image][https_hub.docker.com_search_q_type_image]

**获取镜像**  
命令：docker \[image\] pull name\[:tag\]  
如获取nginx1.14镜像命令：$ docker image pull nginx:1.14 。下载的就是nginx1.14版本。通过命令docker images可以查看到有两个版本的nginx 一个是获取镜像是带tag的，一个获取镜像时不带tag获取最新版本的镜像。

[root@192 ~]# docker images
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    nginx               1.14                1293e2b0a1af        8 days ago          109MB
    nginx               latest              f09fe80eb0e7        8 days ago          109MB
    hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        6 weeks ago         1.84kB

**删除镜像**  
命令：docker image rm name/imageID，还有其他删除方式个人不建议所以不说了避免混淆。  
如通过docker image rm nginx 删除的镜像则是latest版本，不必担心会删除其他的版本。  
也可以通过镜像id删除。

[root@192 ~]# docker image rm nginx
    Untagged: nginx:latest
    Untagged: nginx@sha256:dd2d0ac3fff2f007d99e033b64854be0941e19a2ad51f174d9240dda20d9f534
    Deleted: sha256:f09fe80eb0e75e97b04b9dfb065ac3fda37a8fac0161f42fca1e6fe4d0977c80
    Deleted: sha256:355e42205f69706706acf084bc2ed484ea5c034a8861b5bcebb7d8bf141fd686
    Deleted: sha256:70cc0be2e302cca187cfadaaf528005d004bec56d46ae890a8a06bdd96768ef1
    [root@192 ~]# docker images
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    nginx               1.14                1293e2b0a1af        8 days ago          109MB
    hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        6 weeks ago         1.84kB
    [root@192 ~]# docker image rm 1293e2b0a1af
    Untagged: nginx:1.14
    Untagged: nginx@sha256:d1eed840d5b357b897a872d17cdaa8a4fc8e6eb43faa8ad2febb31ce0c537910
    Deleted: sha256:1293e2b0a1af4854799d5f4a335c59f475cb68ef34e35f8e901d77971eb47315
    Deleted: sha256:7016890e9376cbb07ba5ac82aa99da0183ecc886bd3307f7b0bdb08cb6d862f6
    Deleted: sha256:7860b3787f080232f56aedd7d431277c2cae522773a7a04c38b158db4b7756d5
    Deleted: sha256:0a07e81f5da36e4cd6c89d9bc3af643345e56bb2ed74cc8772e42ec0d393aee3
    [root@192 ~]# docker images
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        6 weeks ago         1.84kB

**清理镜像**  
命令：docker image prune，清理临时镜像，支持的选项-a --all，将删除所有没有使用的镜像。

[root@192 ~]# docker image prune -a
    WARNING! This will remove all images without at least one container associated to them.
    Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
    Deleted Images:
    untagged: hello-world:latest
    untagged: hello-world@sha256:2557e3c07ed1e38f26e389462d03ed943586f744621577a99efb77324b0fe535
    deleted: sha256:fce289e99eb9bca977dae136fbe2a82b6b7d4c372474c9235adc1741675f587e
    deleted: sha256:af0b15c8625bb1938f1d7b17081031f649fd14e6b233688eea3c5483994a66a3
    untagged: nginx:latest
    untagged: nginx@sha256:dd2d0ac3fff2f007d99e033b64854be0941e19a2ad51f174d9240dda20d9f534
    deleted: sha256:f09fe80eb0e75e97b04b9dfb065ac3fda37a8fac0161f42fca1e6fe4d0977c80
    deleted: sha256:355e42205f69706706acf084bc2ed484ea5c034a8861b5bcebb7d8bf141fd686
    deleted: sha256:70cc0be2e302cca187cfadaaf528005d004bec56d46ae890a8a06bdd96768ef1
    deleted: sha256:0a07e81f5da36e4cd6c89d9bc3af643345e56bb2ed74cc8772e42ec0d393aee3
    
    Total reclaimed space: 109.2MB

**创建镜像**  
主要有三种方式：1、基于已有镜像的容器创建。2、基于本地模板导入。3基于Dockerfile创建。  
第三种方式最常用也是我主要使用方式，所以前两种不讲了。以nginx镜像为例。

// 创建一个test文件夹
    [root@192 test]# mkdir /usr/local/test
    // 进入文件夹
    [root@192 test]# cd /usr/local/test
    // 下载nginx1.13.7
    [root@192 test]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.7.tar.gz
    // 创建Dockerfile文件
    [root@192 test]# tonch Dockerfile
    // 编辑文件
    [root@192 test]# vi Dockerfile
    ##文件内容
    FROM centos:7 #系统环境
    MAINTAINER  tangyaliang 1121500062@qq.com #镜像作者信息
    RUN yum provides '*/applydeltarpm' #这三行是解决一个软件版本错误
    RUN yum install deltarpm -y
    RUN rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM*
    RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake make zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel #安装nginx依赖
    ADD nginx-1.13.7.tar.gz /usr/local/ #将下载的nginx添加至镜像，会自动解压缩
    WORKDIR /usr/local/nginx-1.13.7/ #设置工作目录
    RUN ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx && make && make install #与正常环境安装一样
    RUN ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx  /usr/local/sbin/ #建立一个引用
    CMD ["nginx","-g","daemon off;"] #镜像启动后执行的命令，启动nginx
    ##文件内容
    //构建镜像
    [root@192 test]# docker image build -t nginx:myapp .
    //依靠镜像运行容器，并且将宿主机8888端口映射给容器的80端口
    [root@192 test]# docker container run -idt -p 8888:80 --name myapp nginx:myapp

# 显示镜像列表
    [root@192 test]# docker images
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    nginx               myapp               a70a6ca493f9        24 minutes ago      703MB
    nginx               latest              f09fe80eb0e7        8 days ago          109MB
    centos              7                   1e1148e4cc2c        2 months ago        202MB
    # 显示容器列表
    [root@192 test]# docker container ls -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
    4a19ad0109b0        nginx:myapp         "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   5 seconds ago       Up 4 seconds        0.0.0.0:8888->80/tcp   myapp
    e02303e20e46        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   28 minutes ago      Up 28 minutes       0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp   nginx123

**访问刚运行的容器。**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmd5YWxpYW5nMTE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

[https_blog.csdn.net_tangyaliang11_article_details_87266194]: https://blog.csdn.net/tangyaliang11/article/details/87266194
[https_hub.docker.com_search_q_type_image]: https://hub.docker.com/search?q=&type=image
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbmd5YWxpYW5nMTE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220319/74264040f0f947c799ac95af40749c63.png