windows命名管道使用方法

青旅半醒 2022-03-18 08:10 361阅读 0赞

原文地址：[https://www.cnblogs.com/lsh123/p/7435401.html][https_www.cnblogs.com_lsh123_p_7435401.html]

命名管道是通过网络来完成进程间的通信，它屏蔽了底层的网络协议细节。

将命名管道作为一种网络编程方案时，它实际上建立了一个C/S通信体系，并在其中可靠的传输数据。命名管道服务器和客户机的区别在于：服务器是唯一一个有权创建命名管道的进程，也只有它能接受管道客户机的连接请求。而客户机只能同一个现成的命名管道服务器建立连接。命名管道提供了两种基本通信模式，字节模式和消息模式。在字节模式中，数据以一个连续的字节流的形式在客户机和服务器之间流动。而在消息模式中，客户机和服务器则通过一系列不连续的数据单位进行数据的收发，每次在管道上发出一条消息后，它必须作为一条完整的消息读入。

0x01 Server端

代码流程：

1、创建命名管道：CreateNamedPipe

2、等待客户端连接：ConnectNamedPipe

3、读取客户端请求数据：ReadFile

4、向客户端回复数据：WriteFile

5、关闭连接：DisconnectNamedPipe

6、关闭管道：CloseHandle

使用函数：

CreateNamedPipe创建一个命名的管道

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 </td> 
 <td> <code>HANDLE</code>&nbsp;<code>CreateNamedPipe(&nbsp;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>LPCTSTR</code>&nbsp;<code>lpName,&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; // 管道名称，形式必须为\\.\pipe\pipeName&nbsp;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>DWORD</code>&nbsp;<code>dwOpenMode,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>// 打开管道的模式&nbsp;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>DWORD</code>&nbsp;<code>dwPipeMode,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>// 管道的模式，传输数据的形式&nbsp;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>DWORD</code>&nbsp;<code>nMaxInstances,&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</code><code>// 最大连接客户端的个数&nbsp;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>DWORD</code>&nbsp;<code>nOutBufferSize,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>// 输出缓冲区的大小&nbsp;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>DWORD</code>&nbsp;<code>nInBufferSize,&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</code><code>// 输入缓冲区的大小&nbsp;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>DWORD</code>&nbsp;<code>nDefaultTimeOut,&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </code><code>// 默认的超时时间&nbsp;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes&nbsp;</code><code>// 安全属性，一般为NULL&nbsp;</code> <code>);&nbsp;</code> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

ConnectNamedPipe等待一个客户端的连接

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td> 1 2 3 4 </td> 
 <td> <code>BOOL</code>&nbsp;<code>ConnectNamedPipe(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>HANDLE</code>&nbsp;<code>hNamedPipe,&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</code><code>// 命名管道对象&nbsp;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>// OVERLAPPED结构&nbsp;</code> <code>);&nbsp;</code> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

通信的操作跟我们的文件操作是一样的，通过ReadFile和WriteFile来进行读和写。

通信完之后，调用DisconnectNamedPipe来进行断开连接

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td> 1 2 3 </td> 
 <td> <code>BOOL</code>&nbsp;<code>DisconnectNamedPipe(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>HANDLE</code>&nbsp;<code>hNamedPipe&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>// 命名管道对象&nbsp;</code> <code>);&nbsp;</code> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

Server端源码：

// NamedPipeServer.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
 //
 #include "stdafx.h" 
 #include <windows.h> 
 #include <strsafe.h> 
 
 #define BUFSIZE 4096 
 
 DWORD WINAPI InstanceThread(LPVOID);
 VOID GetAnswerToRequest(LPTSTR, LPTSTR, LPDWORD);
 
 int _tmain(VOID)
 {
 BOOL fConnected;
 DWORD dwThreadId;
 HANDLE hPipe, hThread;
 LPTSTR lpszPipename = TEXT("\\\\.\\pipe\\LiudadaNemaedPipe");
 
 // The main loop creates an instance of the named pipe and 
 // then waits for a client to connect to it. When the client 
 // connects, a thread is created to handle communications 
 // with that client, and the loop is repeated. 
 
 for (;;)
 {
 hPipe = CreateNamedPipe(
 lpszPipename, // pipe name 指向管道名称的指针
 PIPE_ACCESS_DUPLEX, // read/write access 管道打开模式
 PIPE_TYPE_MESSAGE | // message type pipe 管道模式
 PIPE_READMODE_MESSAGE | // message-read mode 
 PIPE_WAIT, // blocking mode 
 PIPE_UNLIMITED_INSTANCES, // max. instances 最大实例数 
 BUFSIZE, // output buffer size 输出缓存大小
 BUFSIZE, // input buffer size 输入缓存大小
 0, // client time-out 超时设置
 NULL); // default security attribute 
 
 if (hPipe == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
 {
 printf("CreatePipe failed");
 return 0;
 }
 
 // Wait for the client to connect; if it succeeds, 
 // the function returns a nonzero value. If the function 
 // returns zero, GetLastError returns ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED. 
 
 fConnected = ConnectNamedPipe(hPipe, NULL) ? TRUE : (GetLastError() == ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED);
 
 if (fConnected)
 {
 // Create a thread for this client. 
 hThread = CreateThread(
 NULL, // no security attribute 
 0, // default stack size 
 InstanceThread, // thread proc 
 (LPVOID)hPipe, // thread parameter 
 0, // not suspended 
 &dwThreadId); // returns thread ID 
 
 if (hThread == NULL)
 {
 printf("CreateThread failed");
 return 0;
 }
 else CloseHandle(hThread);
 }
 else
 {
 // The client could not connect, so close the pipe. 
 CloseHandle(hPipe);
 }
 }
 return 1;
 }
 
 DWORD WINAPI InstanceThread(LPVOID lpvParam)
 {
 TCHAR chRequest[BUFSIZE];
 TCHAR chReply[BUFSIZE];
 DWORD cbBytesRead, cbReplyBytes, cbWritten;
 BOOL fSuccess;
 HANDLE hPipe;
 
 // The thread's parameter is a handle to a pipe instance. 
 
 hPipe = (HANDLE)lpvParam;
 
 while (1)
 {
 // Read client requests from the pipe. 
 fSuccess = ReadFile(
 hPipe, // handle to pipe 
 chRequest, // buffer to receive data 
 BUFSIZE * sizeof(TCHAR), // size of buffer 
 &cbBytesRead, // number of bytes read 
 NULL); // not overlapped I/O 
 
 if (!fSuccess || cbBytesRead == 0)
 break;
 printf((const char*)chRequest);
 
 GetAnswerToRequest(chRequest, chReply, &cbReplyBytes);
 
 // Write the reply to the pipe. 
 fSuccess = WriteFile(
 hPipe, // handle to pipe 
 chReply, // buffer to write from 
 cbReplyBytes, // number of bytes to write 
 &cbWritten, // number of bytes written 
 NULL); // not overlapped I/O 
 
 if (!fSuccess || cbReplyBytes != cbWritten) break;
 }
 
 // Flush the pipe to allow the client to read the pipe's contents 
 // before disconnecting. Then disconnect the pipe, and close the 
 // handle to this pipe instance. 
 
 FlushFileBuffers(hPipe);
 DisconnectNamedPipe(hPipe);
 CloseHandle(hPipe);
 
 return 1;
 }
 
 VOID GetAnswerToRequest(LPTSTR chRequest,
 LPTSTR chReply, LPDWORD pchBytes)
 {
 _tprintf(TEXT("%s\n"), chRequest);
 StringCchCopy(chReply, BUFSIZE, TEXT("Message from server"));
 *pchBytes = (lstrlen(chReply) + 1) * sizeof(TCHAR);
 }

0x01 Client端

代码流程：

1、打开命名管道：CreateFile

2、等待服务端响应：WaitNamedPipe

3、切换管道为读模式：SetNamedPipeHandleState

4、向服务端发数据：WriteFile

5、读服务端返回的数据：ReadFile

6、关闭管道：CloseHandle

WaitNamedPipe来检查一下，命名管道是否存在:

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td> 1 2 3 4 </td> 
 <td> <code>BOOL</code>&nbsp;<code>WaitNamedPipe(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>LPCTSTR</code>&nbsp;<code>lpNamedPipeName,&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>// 管道名称，形式必须为&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;\\.\pipe\pipeName&lt;/span&gt;&nbsp;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>DWORD</code>&nbsp;<code>nTimeOut&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>// 超时时间，给NULL为默认的超时时间&nbsp;</code> <code>);&nbsp;</code> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**SetNamedPipeHandleState** 设置管道的一些参数，传输模式

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td> 1 2 3 4 5 6 </td> 
 <td> <code>BOOL</code>&nbsp;<code>WINAPI SetNamedPipeHandleState(</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>_In_&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>HANDLE</code>&nbsp;<code>hNamedPipe,</code><code>//命名管道句柄</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>_In_opt_&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>LPDWORD</code>&nbsp;<code>lpMode,</code><code>//传输模式，字节流或者信息流</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>_In_opt_&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>LPDWORD</code>&nbsp;<code>lpMaxCollectionCount,</code><code>//最大字节数</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>_In_opt_&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>LPDWORD</code>&nbsp;<code>lpCollectDataTimeout</code><code>//超时</code> <code>);</code> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

Client端源码：

// NamedPipeClient.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
 //
 
 #include "stdafx.h" 
 #include <windows.h> 
 #include <conio.h> 
 #define BUFSIZE 512 
 
 int main(int argc, TCHAR *argv[])
 {
 HANDLE hPipe;
 LPTSTR lpvMessage = TEXT("Message from client");
 TCHAR chBuf[BUFSIZE];
 BOOL fSuccess;
 DWORD cbRead, cbWritten, dwMode;
 LPTSTR lpszPipename = TEXT("\\\\.\\pipe\\LiudadaNemaedPipe");
 
 if (argc > 1)
 lpvMessage = argv[1];
 
 // Try to open a named pipe; wait for it, if necessary. 
 
 while (1)
 {
 hPipe = CreateFile(
 lpszPipename, // pipe name 
 GENERIC_READ | // read and write access 
 GENERIC_WRITE,
 0, // no sharing 
 NULL, // default security attributes 
 OPEN_EXISTING, // opens existing pipe 
 0, // default attributes 
 NULL); // no template file 
 
 // Break if the pipe handle is valid. 
 
 if (hPipe != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
 break;
 
 // Exit if an error other than ERROR_PIPE_BUSY occurs. 
 
 if (GetLastError() != ERROR_PIPE_BUSY)
 {
 printf("Could not open pipe");
 return 0;
 }
 
 // All pipe instances are busy, so wait for 20 seconds. 
 
 if (!WaitNamedPipe(lpszPipename, 20000))
 {
 printf("Could not open pipe");
 return 0;
 }
 }
 
 // The pipe connected; change to message-read mode. 
 
 dwMode = PIPE_READMODE_MESSAGE;
 fSuccess = SetNamedPipeHandleState(
 hPipe, // pipe handle 
 &dwMode, // new pipe mode 
 NULL, // don't set maximum bytes 
 NULL); // don't set maximum time 
 if (!fSuccess)
 {
 printf("SetNamedPipeHandleState failed");
 return 0;
 } 
 
 // Send a message to the pipe server. 
 
 fSuccess = WriteFile(
 hPipe, // pipe handle 
 lpvMessage, // message 
 (lstrlen(lpvMessage) + 1) * sizeof(TCHAR), // message length 
 &cbWritten, // bytes written 
 NULL); // not overlapped 
 if (!fSuccess)
 {
 printf("WriteFile failed");
 return 0;
 }
 
 do
 {
 // Read from the pipe. 
 
 fSuccess = ReadFile(
 hPipe, // pipe handle 
 chBuf, // buffer to receive reply 
 BUFSIZE * sizeof(TCHAR), // size of buffer 
 &cbRead, // number of bytes read 
 NULL); // not overlapped 
 
 if (!fSuccess && GetLastError() != ERROR_MORE_DATA)
 break;
 
 _tprintf(TEXT("%s\n"), chBuf);
 //printf("%S\n", chBuf);
 } while (!fSuccess); // repeat loop if ERROR_MORE_DATA 
 
 getch();
 
 CloseHandle(hPipe);
 
 return 0;
 }

[https_www.cnblogs.com_lsh123_p_7435401.html]: https://www.cnblogs.com/lsh123/p/7435401.html