(转发) spring 5 webclient使用指南

缺乏、安全感 2022-03-18 05:41 305阅读 0赞

## spring 5 webclient使用指南 ##

#### 请求携带header ####

携带cookie
    @Test
    public void testWithCookie(){
        Mono<String> resp = WebClient.create()
                .method(HttpMethod.GET)
                .uri("http://baidu.com")
                .cookie("token","xxxx")
                .cookie("JSESSIONID","XXXX")
                .retrieve()
                .bodyToMono(String.class);
        LOGGER.info("result:{}",resp.block());
    }

#### 携带basic auth ####

@Test
    public void testWithBasicAuth(){
        String basicAuth = "Basic "+ Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString("user:pwd".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        LOGGER.info(basicAuth);
        Mono<String> resp = WebClient.create()
                .get()
                .uri("http://baidu.com")
                .header(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION,basicAuth)
                .retrieve()
                .bodyToMono(String.class);
        LOGGER.info("result:{}",resp.block());
    }

#### 设置全局user-agent ####

@Test
    public void testWithHeaderFilter(){
        WebClient webClient = WebClient.builder()
                .defaultHeader(HttpHeaders.USER_AGENT, "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36")
                .filter(ExchangeFilterFunctions
                        .basicAuthentication("user","password"))
                .filter((clientRequest, next) -> {
                    LOGGER.info("Request: {} {}", clientRequest.method(), clientRequest.url());
                    clientRequest.headers()
                            .forEach((name, values) -> values.forEach(value -> LOGGER.info("{}={}", name, value)));
                    return next.exchange(clientRequest);
                })
                .build();
        Mono<String> resp = webClient.get()
                .uri("https://baidu.com")
                .retrieve()
                .bodyToMono(String.class);
        LOGGER.info("result:{}",resp.block());
    }

#### get请求 ####

使用placeholder传递参数
    @Test
    public void testUrlPlaceholder(){
        Mono<String> resp = WebClient.create()
                .get()
                //多个参数也可以直接放到map中,参数名与placeholder对应上即可
                .uri("http://www.baidu.com/s?wd={key}&other={another}","北京天气","test") //使用占位符
                .retrieve()
                .bodyToMono(String.class);
        LOGGER.info("result:{}",resp.block());
    
    }

#### 使用uriBuilder传递参数 ####

@Test
    public void testUrlBiulder(){
        Mono<String> resp = WebClient.create()
                .get()
                .uri(uriBuilder -> uriBuilder
                        .scheme("http")
                        .host("www.baidu.com")
                        .path("/s")
                        .queryParam("wd", "北京天气")
                        .queryParam("other", "test")
                        .build())
                .retrieve()
                .bodyToMono(String.class);
        LOGGER.info("result:{}",resp.block());
    }

#### post表单 ####

@Test
    public void testFormParam(){
        MultiValueMap<String, String> formData = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
        formData.add("name1","value1");
        formData.add("name2","value2");
        Mono<String> resp = WebClient.create().post()
                .uri("http://www.w3school.com.cn/test/demo_form.asp")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED)
                .body(BodyInserters.fromFormData(formData))
                .retrieve().bodyToMono(String.class);
        LOGGER.info("result:{}",resp.block());
    }

#### post json ####

使用bean来post
    static class Book {
        String name;
        String title;
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public String getTitle() {
            return title;
        }
    
        public void setTitle(String title) {
            this.title = title;
        }
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testPostJson(){
        Book book = new Book();
        book.setName("name");
        book.setTitle("this is title");
        Mono<String> resp = WebClient.create().post()
                .uri("http://localhost:8080/demo/json")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
                .body(Mono.just(book),Book.class)
                .retrieve().bodyToMono(String.class);
        LOGGER.info("result:{}",resp.block());
    }

#### 直接post raw json ####

@Test
    public void testPostRawJson(){
        Mono<String> resp = WebClient.create().post()
                .uri("http://localhost:8080/demo/json")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
                .body(BodyInserters.fromObject("{\n" +
                        "  \"title\" : \"this is title\",\n" +
                        "  \"author\" : \"this is author\"\n" +
                        "}"))
                .retrieve().bodyToMono(String.class);
        LOGGER.info("result:{}",resp.block());
    }

#### post二进制–上传文件 ####

@Test
    public void testUploadFile(){
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.IMAGE_PNG);
        HttpEntity<ClassPathResource> entity = new HttpEntity<>(new ClassPathResource("parallel.png"), headers);
        MultiValueMap<String, Object> parts = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
        parts.add("file", entity);
        Mono<String> resp = WebClient.create().post()
                .uri("http://localhost:8080/upload")
                .contentType(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA)
                .body(BodyInserters.fromMultipartData(parts))
                .retrieve().bodyToMono(String.class);
        LOGGER.info("result:{}",resp.block());
    }

#### 下载二进制 ####

下载图片  
@Test  
public void testDownloadImage() throws IOException \{  
Mono resp = WebClient.create().get()  
.uri(“[http://www.toolip.gr/captcha?complexity=99&size=60&length=9][http_www.toolip.gr_captcha_complexity_99_size_60_length_9]”)  
.accept(MediaType.IMAGE\_PNG)  
.retrieve().bodyToMono(Resource.class);  
Resource resource = resp.block();  
BufferedImage bufferedImage = ImageIO.read(resource.getInputStream());  
ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, “png”, new File(“captcha.png”));

}

#### 下载文件 ####

@Test
    public void testDownloadFile() throws IOException {
        Mono<ClientResponse> resp = WebClient.create().get()
                .uri("http://localhost:8080/file/download")
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM)
                .exchange();
        ClientResponse response = resp.block();
        String disposition = response.headers().asHttpHeaders().getFirst(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_DISPOSITION);
        String fileName = disposition.substring(disposition.indexOf("=")+1);
        Resource resource = response.bodyToMono(Resource.class).block();
        File out = new File(fileName);
        FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(resource.getInputStream(),out);
        LOGGER.info(out.getAbsolutePath());
    }

#### 错误处理 ####

@Test
    public void testRetrieve4xx(){
        WebClient webClient = WebClient.builder()
                .baseUrl("https://api.github.com")
                .defaultHeader(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, "application/vnd.github.v3+json")
                .defaultHeader(HttpHeaders.USER_AGENT, "Spring 5 WebClient")
                .build();
        WebClient.ResponseSpec responseSpec = webClient.method(HttpMethod.GET)
                .uri("/user/repos?sort={sortField}&direction={sortDirection}",
                        "updated", "desc")
                .retrieve();
        Mono<String> mono = responseSpec
                .onStatus(e -> e.is4xxClientError(),resp -> {
                    LOGGER.error("error:{},msg:{}",resp.statusCode().value(),resp.statusCode().getReasonPhrase());
                    return Mono.error(new RuntimeException(resp.statusCode().value() + " : " + resp.statusCode().getReasonPhrase()));
                })
                .bodyToMono(String.class)
                .doOnError(WebClientResponseException.class, err -> {
                    LOGGER.info("ERROR status:{},msg:{}",err.getRawStatusCode(),err.getResponseBodyAsString());
                    throw new RuntimeException(err.getMessage());
                })
                .onErrorReturn("fallback");
        String result = mono.block();
        LOGGER.info("result:{}",result);
    }

--------------------

可以使用onStatus根据status code进行异常适配
    可以使用doOnError异常适配
    可以使用onErrorReturn返回默认值

#### 小结 ####

webclient是新一代的async rest template，api也相对简洁，而且是reactive的，非常值得使用

[http_www.toolip.gr_captcha_complexity_99_size_60_length_9]: http://www.toolip.gr/captcha?complexity=99&size=60&length=9