go-restful实战与深入分析之使用篇

我就是我 2022-03-15 09:48 530阅读 0赞

go的rest框架很多国内最著名应该是beego，但这个框架设计思想比较老套而且很笨重，如果需要一个轻量级的框架我个人挺喜欢[go-restful][]先看看怎么使用，如果有过Flask或者springMVC的经验，这个很容易上手，所以我个人觉得语言是想通的，先学好一门语言其它的按照套路来就可以了，先看代码例子：

package main
    
    import (
        "log"
        "net/http"
    
        "github.com/emicklei/go-restful"
    )
    
    // This example has the same service definition as restful-user-resource
    // but uses a different router (CurlyRouter) that does not use regular expressions
    //
    // POST http://localhost:8080/users
    // <User><Id>1</Id><Name>Melissa Raspberry</Name></User>
    //
    // GET http://localhost:8080/users/1
    //
    // PUT http://localhost:8080/users/1
    // <User><Id>1</Id><Name>Melissa</Name></User>
    //
    // DELETE http://localhost:8080/users/1
    //
    
    type User struct {
        Id, Name string
    }
    
    type UserResource struct {
        // normally one would use DAO (data access object)
        users map[string]User
    }
    
    func (u UserResource) Register(container *restful.Container) {
        ws := new(restful.WebService)
        ws.
        Path("/users").
            Consumes(restful.MIME_XML, restful.MIME_JSON).
            Produces(restful.MIME_JSON, restful.MIME_XML) // you can specify this per route as well
    
        ws.Route(ws.GET("/{user-id}").To(u.findUser))
        ws.Route(ws.POST("").To(u.updateUser))
        ws.Route(ws.PUT("/{user-id}").To(u.createUser))
        ws.Route(ws.DELETE("/{user-id}").To(u.removeUser))
    
        container.Add(ws)
    }
    
    // GET http://localhost:8080/users/1
    //
    func (u UserResource) findUser(request *restful.Request, response *restful.Response) {
        id := request.PathParameter("user-id")
        usr , ok := u.users[id]
        if !ok {
            response.AddHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain")
            response.WriteErrorString(http.StatusNotFound, "User could not be found.")
        } else {
            response.WriteEntity(usr)
        }
    }
    
    // POST http://localhost:8080/users
    // <User><Id>1</Id><Name>Melissa Raspberry</Name></User>
    //
    func (u *UserResource) updateUser(request *restful.Request, response *restful.Response) {
        usr := new(User)
        err := request.ReadEntity(&usr)
        if err == nil {
            u.users[usr.Id] = *usr
            response.WriteEntity(usr)
        } else {
            response.AddHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain")
            response.WriteErrorString(http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error())
        }
    }
    
    // PUT http://localhost:8080/users/1
    // <User><Id>1</Id><Name>Melissa</Name></User>
    //
    func (u *UserResource) createUser(request *restful.Request, response *restful.Response) {
        usr := User{Id: request.PathParameter("user-id")}
        err := request.ReadEntity(&usr)
        if err == nil {
            u.users[usr.Id] = usr
            response.WriteHeaderAndEntity(http.StatusCreated, usr)
        } else {
            response.AddHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain")
            response.WriteErrorString(http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error())
        }
    }
    
    // DELETE http://localhost:8080/users/1
    //
    func (u *UserResource) removeUser(request *restful.Request, response *restful.Response) {
        id := request.PathParameter("user-id")
        delete(u.users, id)
    }
    
    func main() {
        wsContainer := restful.NewContainer()
        wsContainer.Router(restful.CurlyRouter{})
        u := UserResource{map[string]User{}}
        u.Register(wsContainer)
    
        log.Printf("start listening on localhost:8080")
        server := &http.Server{Addr: ":8080", Handler: wsContainer}
        log.Fatal(server.ListenAndServe())
    }

代码很简单，users的一套CURD。这里面有几个点说一下，首先需要定义一个web container的容器wsContainer，然后把webservice放到容器里面，可以理解成一个container里面有很多的webservice，每个webservice里面有先定义Path路径，在这里面是/users，在这个路径下面会有CURD的方法，通过Route去确定方法匹配和跳转。启动上面代码就可以测试了，先测试一个创建：

POST
    127.0.0.1:8080/users
    {
    "Id":"43a",
    "Name":"eee"
    }
     
      
       1
       2
       3
       4
       5
       6

再测试一个查询

GET
    127.0.0.1:8080/users/43a
     
      
       1
       2

当然我不想止步于此，具体看看这个go-restful是怎样实现的。

[go-restful]: https://github.com/emicklei/go-restful