企业级 Spring Boot 教程（十三）Springboot整合RabbitMQ

「爱情、让人受尽委屈。」 2022-03-11 12:44 239阅读 0赞

这篇文章带你了解怎么整合RabbitMQ服务器，并且通过它怎么去发送和接收消息。我将构建一个springboot工程，通过RabbitTemplate去通过MessageListenerAdapter去订阅一个POJO类型的消息。Spring Cloud大型企业分布式微服务云架构源码请加一七九一七四三三八零

准备工作

15min

IDEA

maven 3.0

在开始构建项目之前，机器需要安装rabbitmq，如果你是用的Mac，你可以这样下载：

brew install rabbitmq

安装完成后开启服务器：

rabbitmq-server

开启服务器成功，你可以看到以下信息：

RabbitMQ 3.1.3. Copyright (C) 2007-2013 VMware, Inc.
          Licensed under the MPL.  See http://www.rabbitmq.com/
    
      Logs: /usr/local/var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@localhost.log
           /usr/local/var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@localhost-sasl.log
    
                Starting broker... completed with 6 plugins.

构建工程 构架一个SpringBoot工程，其pom文件依赖加上spring-boot-starter-amqp的起步依赖：

<dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
            </dependency>

创建消息接收者 在任何的消息队列程序中，你需要创建一个消息接收者，用于响应发送的消息。

@Component
    public class Receiver {
    
        private CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
    
        public void receiveMessage(String message) {
            System.out.println("Received <" + message + ">");
            latch.countDown();
        }
    
        public CountDownLatch getLatch() {
            return latch;
        }
    
    }

消息接收者是一个简单的POJO类，它定义了一个方法去接收消息，当你注册它去接收消息，你可以给它取任何的名字。其中，它有CountDownLatch这样的一个类，它是用于告诉发送者消息已经收到了，你不需要在应用程序中具体实现它，只需要latch.countDown()就行了。

创建消息监听，并发送一条消息 在spring程序中，RabbitTemplate提供了发送消息和接收消息的所有方法。你只需简单的配置下就行了：

需要一个消息监听容器 声明一个quene,一个exchange,并且绑定它们 一个组件去发送消息 代码清单如下：

package com.forezp;
    
    import com.forezp.message.Receiver;
    import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
    import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
    import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
    import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
    import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
    import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer;
    import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.adapter.MessageListenerAdapter;
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class SpringbootRabbitmqApplication {
    
         final static String queueName = "spring-boot";
    
        @Bean
        Queue queue() {
            return new Queue(queueName, false);
        }
    
        @Bean
        TopicExchange exchange() {
            return new TopicExchange("spring-boot-exchange");
        }
    
        @Bean
        Binding binding(Queue queue, TopicExchange exchange) {
            return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(queueName);
        }
    
        @Bean
        SimpleMessageListenerContainer container(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory,
                                                 MessageListenerAdapter listenerAdapter) {
            SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer();
            container.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
            container.setQueueNames(queueName);
            container.setMessageListener(listenerAdapter);
            return container;
        }
    
        @Bean
        MessageListenerAdapter listenerAdapter(Receiver receiver) {
            return new MessageListenerAdapter(receiver, "receiveMessage");
        }
    
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(SpringbootRabbitmqApplication.class, args);
        }
    }

创建一个测试方法：

@Component
    public class Runner implements CommandLineRunner {
    
        private final RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
        private final Receiver receiver;
        private final ConfigurableApplicationContext context;
    
        public Runner(Receiver receiver, RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate,
                ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
            this.receiver = receiver;
            this.rabbitTemplate = rabbitTemplate;
            this.context = context;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("Sending message...");
            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(Application.queueName, "Hello from RabbitMQ!");
            receiver.getLatch().await(10000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
            context.close();
        }
    
    }

启动程序，你会发现控制台打印。