第二部分 Linux Shell高级编程技巧——第二章 Shell工具

小灰灰 2022-03-11 01:14 326阅读 0赞

笔记

  1. #Shell工具
  2. #日志文件
  3. #编辑
  4. #vi datelog.sh
  5. #查看文件内容
  6. [root@localhost 0418]# cat datelog.sh 
  7. #!/bin/bash
  8. #datelog.sh
  9. #当前的日期
  10. current_date=`date "+%Y%m%d"`
  11. #今天的日志文件名
  12. todaylog="log/${current_date}.log}
  13. #如果日志文件不存在，创建一个
  14. if [ ! -f $todaylog ]
  15. then
  16.         touch $todaylog
  17. fi
  18. #输出日志到日志文件
  19. log_time_format=`date "+%Y-%m-%d %T"`
  20. echo "${log_time_format} 命令开始" >>$todaylog
  21. #
  22. # command blocks
  23. sleep 4
  24. #
  25. #输出日志到日志文件
  26. log_time_format=`date "+%Y-%m-%d %T"`
  27. echo "${log_time_format} 命令结束" >>$todaylog
  28. #执行
  29. [root@localhost 0418]# ./datelog.sh   
  30. #查看当前日期
  31. [root@localhost 0418]# date
  32. Thu Apr 18 11:35:52 CST 2013
  33. You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
  34. #查看date帮助手册
  35. [root@localhost 0418]# man date
  36. #编辑
  37. vi processlog.sh
  38. [root@localhost 0419]# cat processlog.sh 
  39. #!/bin/bash
  40. #kill_process.sh
  41. #取得当前进程号
  42. current_PID=$$
  43. #获得特定进程的进程号并重定向到一个临时文件中
  44. ps -aux|grep "/usr/sbin/httpd"|grep -v "grep"|awk '{print $2}'>/tmp/${current_PID}.txt
  45. #命令块开始
  46. #for pid in `cat /tmp/${current_PID}.txt`
  47. #do
  48. #{
  49. #echo "Kill -9 $pid"
  50. #Kill -9 $pid
  51. #}
  52. #done
  53. #命令块结束
  54. #删除临时文件
  55. echo "rm -f /tmp/${current_PID}.txt"
  56. rm -f /tmp/${current_PID}.txt
  57. #改变权限
  58. [root@localhost 0418]# chmod 755 processlog.sh
  59. #启动httpd服务
  60. [root@localhost 0418]# service httpd start  
  61. Starting httpd: perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
  62. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
  63.         LANGUAGE = (unset),
  64.         LC_ALL = (unset),
  65.         LANG = "en_US.en"
  66.     are supported and installed on your system.
  67. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
  68.                                                            [  OK  ]
  69. #查看httpd进程详细信息并去除grep
  70. [root@localhost 0418]# ps -aux|grep "/usr/sbin/httpd"|grep -v " grep "
  71. root     19202  1.9  3.3 19656 8624 ?        S    12:09   0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
  72. #查看httpd进程详细信息并去除grep、打印进程号
  73. [root@localhost 0418]# ps -aux|grep "/usr/sbin/httpd"|grep -v "grep"|awk '{print $2}'
  74. 19202
  75. #执行
  76. [root@localhost 0418]# ./processlog.sh 
  77. #查看
  78. [root@localhost 0418]# cat /t
  79. tftpboot  tmp   
  80. #查看tmp目录，发现19304.txt文件    
  81. [root@localhost 0418]# cat /tmp/
  82. .X0-lock
  83. .X11-unix
  84. .fam_socket
  85. .font-unix
  86. .gdm_socket
  87. .iroha_unix
  88. 19304.txt
  89. OSL_PIPE_0_SingleOfficeIPC_e31798b4554fdedd4fea48cd4e93b7
  90. VMwareDnD
  91. jd_sockV4
  92. orbit-root
  93. orbit-student
  94. ssh-XXCs45Ko
  95. vmware-root
  96. #查看19304.txt内容
  97. [root@localhost 0418]# cat /tmp/19304.txt 
  98. 19202
  99. #手动删除
  100. [root@localhost 0418]# rm -f /tmp/19304.txt 
  101. #执行
  102. [root@localhost 0418]# ./processlog.sh 
  103. rm -f /tmp/19421.txt
  104. #重新查看，发现没有内容
  105. [root@localhost 0418]# cat /tmp/19421.txt
  106. cat: /tmp/19421.txt: No such file or directory
  108. #信号
  109. #查看所有信号
  110. [root@localhost 0418]# kill -l
  111.  1) SIGHUP       2) SIGINT       3) SIGQUIT      4) SIGILL
  112.  5) SIGTRAP      6) SIGABRT      7) SIGBUS       8) SIGFPE
  113.  9) SIGKILL     10) SIGUSR1     11) SIGSEGV     12) SIGUSR2
  114. 13) SIGPIPE     14) SIGALRM     15) SIGTERM     17) SIGCHLD
  115. 18) SIGCONT     19) SIGSTOP     20) SIGTSTP     21) SIGTTIN
  116. 22) SIGTTOU     23) SIGURG      24) SIGXCPU     25) SIGXFSZ
  117. 26) SIGVTALRM   27) SIGPROF     28) SIGWINCH    29) SIGIO
  118. 30) SIGPWR      31) SIGSYS      33) SIGRTMIN    34) SIGRTMIN+1
  119. 35) SIGRTMIN+2  36) SIGRTMIN+3  37) SIGRTMIN+4  38) SIGRTMIN+5
  120. 39) SIGRTMIN+6  40) SIGRTMIN+7  41) SIGRTMIN+8  42) SIGRTMIN+9
  121. 43) SIGRTMIN+10 44) SIGRTMIN+11 45) SIGRTMIN+12 46) SIGRTMIN+13
  122. 47) SIGRTMIN+14 48) SIGRTMIN+15 49) SIGRTMAX-14 50) SIGRTMAX-13
  123. 51) SIGRTMAX-12 52) SIGRTMAX-11 53) SIGRTMAX-10 54) SIGRTMAX-9
  124. 55) SIGRTMAX-8  56) SIGRTMAX-7  57) SIGRTMAX-6  58) SIGRTMAX-5
  125. 59) SIGRTMAX-4  60) SIGRTMAX-3  61) SIGRTMAX-2  62) SIGRTMAX-1
  126. 63) SIGRTMAX
  127. #查看httpd进程详细信息
  128. [root@localhost 0418]# ps -ef |grep "httpd"
  129. root     19202     1  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
  130. apache   19205 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  131. apache   19206 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  132. apache   19207 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  133. apache   19208 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  134. apache   19209 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  135. apache   19210 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  136. apache   19211 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  137. apache   19212 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  138. root     19533  2658  0 12:23 pts/0    00:00:00 grep httpd
  139. #查看httpd进程详细信息并去除grep
  140. [root@localhost 0418]# ps -ef |grep "httpd"|grep -v "grep"
  141. root     19202     1  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
  142. apache   19205 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  143. apache   19206 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  144. apache   19207 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  145. apache   19208 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  146. apache   19209 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  147. apache   19210 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  148. apache   19211 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  149. apache   19212 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  150. #杀死进程19212
  151. [root@localhost 0418]# kill -s SIGKILL 19212
  152. [root@localhost 0418]# ps -ef |grep "httpd"|grep -v "grep"
  153. root     19202     1  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
  154. apache   19205 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  155. apache   19206 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  156. apache   19207 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  157. apache   19208 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  158. apache   19209 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  159. apache   19210 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  160. apache   19211 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  161. #功能同上
  162. [root@localhost 0418]# kill -9 19211   
  163. #重新查看httpd进程详细信息并去除grep ，发现没有该进程，说明被终止    
  164. [root@localhost 0418]# ps -ef |grep "httpd"|grep -v "grep"
  165. root     19202     1  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
  166. apache   19205 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  167. apache   19206 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  168. apache   19207 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  169. apache   19208 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  170. apache   19209 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  171. apache   19210 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  172. #挂起进程
  173. [root@localhost 0418]# kill -s SIGHUP 19210 
  174. #查看httpd进程详细信息并去除grep
  175. [root@localhost 0418]# ps -ef |grep "httpd"|grep -v "grep"
  176. root     19202     1  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
  177. apache   19205 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  178. apache   19206 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  179. apache   19207 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  180. apache   19208 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  181. apache   19209 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  182. #重新查看查看httpd进程详细信息并去除grep
  183. [root@localhost 0418]# ps -ef |grep "httpd"|grep -v "grep"
  184. root     19202     1  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
  185. apache   19205 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  186. apache   19206 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  187. apache   19207 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  188. apache   19208 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  189. apache   19209 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  190. #杀死子进程或者父进程下的所有子进程
  191. [root@localhost 0418]# kill -1 19209
  192. #查看httpd进程详细信息并去除grep      
  193. [root@localhost 0418]# ps -ef |grep "httpd"|grep -v "grep"
  194. root     19202     1  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
  195. apache   19205 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  196. apache   19206 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  197. apache   19207 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  198. apache   19208 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  199. apache   19616 19202  0 12:26 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  200. #查看httpd进程详细信息并去除grep
  201. [root@localhost 0418]# ps -ef |grep "httpd"|grep -v "grep"
  202. root     19202     1  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
  203. apache   19205 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  204. apache   19206 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  205. apache   19207 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  206. apache   19208 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  207. apache   19616 19202  0 12:26 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]
  208. #结束进程号为19202的进程
  209. [root@localhost 0418]# kill -1 19202
  210. #查看httpd进程详细信息并去除grep
  211. [root@localhost 0418]# ps -ef |grep "httpd"|grep -v "grep"
  212. root     19202     1  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
  213. exit crtl+D退出当前shell
  216. #trap捕捉信号
  217. #建立文件夹0419
  218. mkdir 0419
  219. #进入该目录
  220. cd 0419
  221. #拷贝0418所有文件到当前目录
  222. [root@localhost 0419]# cp ../0418/* .
  223. #编辑
  224. [root@localhost 0419]# vi trap1.sh
  225. #查看内容
  226. [root@localhost 0419]# cat trap1.sh 
  227. #!/bin/bash
  228. #trap1.sh
  229. #注意此处为单引号，不是反引号
  230. trap ‘exitprocess’ 2
  231. LOOP=0
  232. function exitprocess()
  233. {
  234.         echo "You just hit <CRTL-C>, at number $LOOP"
  235.         echo "I will now exit"
  236.         exit 1
  237. }
  238. while :
  239. do
  240.         LOOP=$[$LOOP+1]
  241.         echo $LOOP
  242. done
  243. #改变权限
  244. [root@localhost 0419]# chmod 755 trap1.sh
  245. #执行
  246. [root@localhost 0419]# ./trap1.sh
  247. #另一个终端查看进程
  248. [root@localhost 0419]# ps –ef
  249. root      4221  2113  0 15:57 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd
  250. root      4241  4221  0 15:58 pts/1    00:00:00 -bash
  251. root      4834  4180  6 16:19 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash ./trap1.sh
  252. #结束进程
  253. kill -2 4834
  254. #执行终端打印信息
  255. You just hit <CRTL-C>, at number 38383
  256. I will now exit
  257. #重新编辑
  258. [root@localhost 0419]# vi trap1.sh
  259. #查看内容，增加休眠调用
  260. [root@localhost 0419]# cat trap1.sh 
  261. #!/bin/bash
  262. #trap1.sh
  263. trap ‘exitprocess’ 2
  264. LOOP=0
  265. function exitprocess()
  266. {
  267.         echo "You just hit <CRTL-C>, at number $LOOP"
  268.         echo "I will now exit"
  269.         exit 1
  270. }
  271. while :
  272. do
  273.         LOOP=$[$LOOP+1]
  274.         echo $LOOP
  275.          #增加代码
  276.         sleep 1
  277. done
  278. #执行
  279. [root@localhost 0419]# ./trap1.sh
  280. root      5245  4180  0 16:35 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash ./trap1.sh
  281. #另一个终端，结束进程
  282. kill -4 5245
  283. #当前终端，显示信息
  284. Illegal instruction
  285. #不做任何处理
  286. kill -3 5305
  287. #会做处理
  288. kill -2 5305
  289. #拷贝文件
  290. [root@localhost 0419]# cp trap1.sh trap2.sh
  291. #查看内容
  292. [root@localhost 0419]# cat trap2.sh 
  293. #!/bin/bash
  294. #trap2.sh
  295. LOOP=0
  296. trap 'exitprocess' 2
  297. HOLD1=/tmp/ho1d1.$$
  298. HOLD2=/tmp/hold2.$$
  299. function exitprocess()
  300. {
  301.         echo -e "\nRecived Interrupt ..."
  302.         echo -n "Do you really wish to exit?(Y?N)"
  303.         read ANS
  304.         case $ANS in
  305.         Y|y)
  306.                 rm_tmp_file
  307.                 ;;
  308.         N|n)
  309.                 ;;
  310.         *)
  311.                 exitprocess
  312.                 ;;
  313.         esac
  315. }
  316. function rm_tmp_file()
  317. {
  318.         echo "<CRTL-C> detected .. Now cleaning up ...wait"
  319.         rm /tmp/*.$$ 2>/dev/null
  320.         exit 1
  321. }
  322. while :
  323. do
  324.         LOOP=$[$LOOP+1]
  325.         echo $LOOP
  326.         df>>$HOLD1
  327.         ps -xa >>$HOLD2
  328.         sleep 1
  329. done
  330. #执行
  331. [root@localhost 0419]# ./trap2.sh 
  332. 1
  333. 2
  334. 3
  335. 4
  336. 5
  337. 6
  338. 7
  339. 8
  340. 9
  341. 10
  342. 11
  343. 12
  344. 13
  345. 14
  346. 15
  347. 16
  348. 17
  349. 18
  350. 19
  351. 20
  352. 21
  353. 22
  354. 23
  355. 24
  356. 25
  357. 26
  358. 27
  359. 28
  360. 29
  361. 30
  362. 31
  363. 32
  364. 33
  365. 34
  366. 35
  367. 36
  368. 37
  369. 38
  370. 39
  371. 40
  372. 41
  373. 42
  374. 43
  375. 44
  376. 45
  377. 46
  378. 47
  379. 48
  380. 49
  381. 50
  382. 51
  383. 52
  384. 53
  385. 54
  386. 55
  388. Recived Interrupt ...
  389. Do you really wish to exit?(Y?N)N
  390. 56
  391. 57
  392. 58
  393. 59
  394. 60
  395. 61
  396. 62
  397. 63
  398. 64
  399. 65
  400. 66
  401. 67
  402. 68
  403. 69
  404. 70
  405. 71
  406. 72
  407. 73
  408. 74
  409. 75
  410. 76
  412. Recived Interrupt ...
  413. Do you really wish to exit?(Y?N)y
  414. <CRTL-C> detected .. Now cleaning up ...wait
  415. #查看tmp目录下的内容
  416. ls -al /tmp/
  417. -rw-r--r--    1 root     root         3816 Apr 19 16:50 ho1d1.5503
  418. -rw-r--r--    1 root     root         3816 Apr 19 16:50 ho1d2.5503
  419. #另一个终端查看进程
  420. ps –ef
  421. #结束进程
  422. kill -2 5503
  424. #eval
  425. #执行
  426. [root@localhost 0419]# MYFILE="cat myfile"; `eval $MYFILE`
  427. -bash: total: command not found
  428. #编辑
  429. vi myfile
  430. #查看内容
  431. [root@localhost 0419]# cat myfile 
  432. ls –al
  433. #执行
  434. [root@localhost 0419]# MYFILE="cat myfile"; `eval $MYFILE`
  435. total 32
  436. drwxr-xr-x    2 root     root         4096 Apr 19 16:54 .
  437. drwxr-xr-x   15 root     root         4096 Apr 19 15:58 ..
  438. -rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          431 Apr 19 15:59 awkif.sh
  439. -rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          435 Apr 19 15:59 datelog.sh
  440. -rw-r--r--    1 root     root            7 Apr 19 16:54 myfile
  441. -rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          391 Apr 19 15:59 processlog.sh
  442. -rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          210 Apr 19 16:35 trap1.sh
  443. -rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          484 Apr 19 16:45 trap2.sh
  444. #重新编辑
  445. [root@localhost 0419]# vi myfile 
  446. #查看内容
  447. [root@localhost 0419]# cat myfile 
  448. ls
  449. #重新执行
  450. [root@localhost 0419]# MYFILE="cat myfile"; `eval $MYFILE`
  451. awkif.sh  datelog.sh  myfile  processlog.sh  trap1.sh  trap2.sh
  452. #可以不使用变量
  453. [root@localhost 0419]# eval `cat myfile` 
  454. awkif.sh  datelog.sh  myfile  processlog.sh  trap1.sh  trap2.sh
  456. #logger
  457. #查看messages内容
  458. [root@localhost 0419]# cat /var/log/messages
  459. #向日志文件增加内容
  460. [root@localhost 0419]# logger -i "chinaitlab shenzhen"
  461. Apr 19 17:01:09 localhost root[6179]: chinaitlab shenzhen
  462. [root@localhost 0419]# logger -p 19 -i "chinaitlab shenzhen"
  463. #再次查看
  464. [root@localhost 0419]# cat /var/log/messages
  465. Apr 19 17:01:09 localhost root[6179]: chinaitlab shenzhen
  466. Apr 19 17:01:56 localhost root[6199]: chinaitlab shenzhen
  467. #向日志文件增加内容
  468. [root@localhost 0419]# logger -p 1 -i "chinaitlab shenzhen"
  469. #再次查看
  470. [root@localhost 0419]# cat /var/log/messages
  471. Apr 19 17:01:09 localhost root[6179]: chinaitlab shenzhen
  472. Apr 19 17:01:56 localhost root[6199]: chinaitlab shenzhen
  473. Apr 19 17:02:25 localhost root[6201]: chinaitlab shenzhen

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