SpringCloud集成RabbitMQ

快来打我* 2022-03-10 14:12 280阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  RabbitMQ
 *  源码
 *   *  spring-rabbitmq
 *  运行
 *  分析

# RabbitMQ #

RabbitMQ是AMQP（Advanced Message Queuing Protocol，高级消息队列协议）规范的一种实现，用于在分布式系统中实现对消息的存储转发（Store and Forward）。Spring Boot集成RabbitMQ需要添加专门的依赖`spring-boot-starter-amqp`。

# 源码 #

父Maven模块与之前的文章中相同，详情请参阅[SpringCloud集成Spring Data Redis][SpringCloud_Spring Data Redis]

RabbitMQ的安装可以参考之前的文章：[RabbitMQ的安装][RabbitMQ]

## spring-rabbitmq ##

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <parent>
            <artifactId>springcloud-parent2</artifactId>
            <groupId>com.lyc</groupId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <artifactId>spring-rabbitmq</artifactId>
    
        <name>spring-rabbitmq</name>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
    </project>

application.yml

spring:
      rabbitmq:
        host: localhost
        port: 5672
        username: guest
        password: guest

RabbitMQApplication

package com.lyc.springRabbitMQ;
    
    import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    
    /** * @author: zhangzhenyi * @date: 2019/3/11 12:35 * @description: RabbitMQ启动文件 **/
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class RabbitMQApplication implements CommandLineRunner { 
    
        @Autowired
        RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            SpringApplication.run(RabbitMQApplication.class,args);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run(String... strings) throws Exception { 
            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("rabbitQueue","message from rabbit");
        }
    
    }

RabbitMQConfig

package com.lyc.springRabbitMQ.conf;
    
    import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    
    /** * @author: zhangzhenyi * @date: 2019/3/11 12:37 * @description: 创建RabbitMQ队列 **/
    @Configuration
    public class RabbitMQConfig { 
    
        @Bean
        public Queue rabbitQueue(){ 
            return new Queue("rabbitQueue");
        }
    
    }

Receiver

package com.lyc.springRabbitMQ.component;
    
    import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    /** * @author: zhangzhenyi * @date: 2019/3/11 12:45 * @description: 接收者 **/
    @Component
    public class Receiver { 
    
        @RabbitListener(queues = "rabbitQueue")
        public void receiveMessage(String message){ 
            System.out.println("Received:" + message);
        }
    
    }

# 运行 #

运行结果如下：

2019-03-11 12:55:52.751  INFO 244 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory       : Created new connection: rabbitConnectionFactory#1662cd08:0/SimpleConnection@45eb4a89 [delegate=amqp://guest@127.0.0.1:5672/, localPort= 57575]
    2019-03-11 12:55:52.939  INFO 244 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)
    2019-03-11 12:55:52.957  INFO 244 --- [           main] c.l.springRabbitMQ.RabbitMQApplication   : Started RabbitMQApplication in 5.822 seconds (JVM running for 6.508)
    Received:message from rabbit

从Rabbit网页客户端中也可以清楚的看到该创建的队列，如下：

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1paWTEwNzg2ODkyNzY_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

# 分析 #

在Spring框架中提供了一个RabbitTemplate工具类对通过AMQP与RabbitMQ进行交互的过程进行了封装。与其他Template工具类一样，RabbitTemplate的背后同样是通过ConnectionFactory获取RabbitMQ连接，但在Spring Boot中，这部分工作是通过自动配置机制已经得以实现，一般情况下我们只需要注入RabbitTemplate即可，该注入是在Bootstrap启动类中注入的。

上面的代码的逻辑是这样的：

队列的创建是在`RabbitMQConfig`中进行，创建的队列名称为“rabbitQueue”，然后在项目启动时，直接运行`CommandLineRunner`接口中的`void run(String... var1) throws Exception;`方法，由该方法在队列“rabbitQueue”中插入信息。最后通过`Receiver`来接收信息，通过使用`@RabbitListener(queues = "rabbitQueue")`注解，我们就能够接收到指定队列中所传递的信息了。

[SpringCloud_Spring Data Redis]: https://blog.csdn.net/ZZY1078689276/article/details/88384650
[RabbitMQ]: https://blog.csdn.net/ZZY1078689276/article/details/84792236
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1paWTEwNzg2ODkyNzY_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220310/5fcd9b39fc034498a00c4c48805562b1.png