java 根据经纬度计算实际距离

末蓝、 2022-03-08 00:40 500阅读 0赞

经纬度，表面的含义就是经纬度的平方和，然后开平方。。。一切都没问题。。

但问题不是简单的二维平面，在二维空间中，这样计算是没有问题。。。

但是。。。。。

百度上找了找，大概有三种方式，一个是根据反余弦，一个是根据sin和cosin，第三个是根据提供的一个第三方jar包计算的。。。。

## 反余弦 ##

具体分析在这里

[https://blog.csdn.net/jk940438163/article/details/83147557\#commentsedit][https_blog.csdn.net_jk940438163_article_details_83147557_commentsedit]

package com.zhiliyuchi.web.rest.util;
    
    /**
     * @创建人：Young
     * @时 间： 2019/3/13
     * @描 述: TODO
     */
    public class Test {
        private static final double EARTH_RADIUS = 6371393; // 平均半径,单位：m；不是赤道半径。赤道为6378左右
    
        /**
         * @描述 反余弦进行计算
         * @参数  [lat1, lng1, lat2, lng2]
         * @返回值  double
         * @创建人  Young
         * @创建时间  2019/3/13 20:31
         **/
        public static double getDistance(Double lat1,Double lng1,Double lat2,Double lng2) {
            // 经纬度（角度）转弧度。弧度用作参数，以调用Math.cos和Math.sin
            double radiansAX = Math.toRadians(lng1); // A经弧度
            double radiansAY = Math.toRadians(lat1); // A纬弧度
            double radiansBX = Math.toRadians(lng2); // B经弧度
            double radiansBY = Math.toRadians(lat2); // B纬弧度
    
            // 公式中“cosβ1cosβ2cos（α1-α2）+sinβ1sinβ2”的部分，得到∠AOB的cos值
            double cos = Math.cos(radiansAY) * Math.cos(radiansBY) * Math.cos(radiansAX - radiansBX)
                + Math.sin(radiansAY) * Math.sin(radiansBY);
    //        System.out.println("cos = " + cos); // 值域[-1,1]
            double acos = Math.acos(cos); // 反余弦值
    //        System.out.println("acos = " + acos); // 值域[0,π]
    //        System.out.println("∠AOB = " + Math.toDegrees(acos)); // 球心角 值域[0,180]
            return EARTH_RADIUS * acos; // 最终结果
        }
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            //121.717594,31.12055    121.817629,31.090867
            double distance = getDistance(31.12055, 121.717594,
                31.090867, 121.817629);
            System.out.println("距离" + distance  + "米");
        }
    }

## sin/cosin ##

package com.zhiliyuchi.web.rest.util;
    
    /**
     * @创建人：Young
     * @时 间： 2019/3/13
     * @描 述: 高德地图对应经纬度计算距离
     */
    public class LocationUtils {
        // 地球赤道半径
        private static double EARTH_RADIUS = 6378.137;
    
        private static double rad(double d) {
            return d * Math.PI / 180.0;
        }
    
        /**
         * @描述 经纬度获取距离，单位为米
         * @参数  [lat1, lng1, lat2, lng2]
         * @返回值  double
         * @创建人  Young
         * @创建时间  2019/3/13 20:33
         **/
        public static double getDistance(double lat1, double lng1, double lat2,
                                         double lng2) {
            double radLat1 = rad(lat1);
            double radLat2 = rad(lat2);
            double a = radLat1 - radLat2;
            double b = rad(lng1) - rad(lng2);
            double s = 2 * Math.asin(Math.sqrt(Math.pow(Math.sin(a / 2), 2)
                + Math.cos(radLat1) * Math.cos(radLat2)
                * Math.pow(Math.sin(b / 2), 2)));
            s = s * EARTH_RADIUS;
            s = Math.round(s * 10000d) / 10000d;
            s = s * 1000;
            return s;
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            double distance = getDistance(31.12055, 131.717594,
                21.090867, 111.817629);
            System.out.println("距离" + distance + "米");
        }
    
    }

## 第三方jar包 ##

maven库导包

<dependency>
                　　<groupId>org.gavaghan</groupId>
                　　<artifactId>geodesy</artifactId>
                　　<version>1.1.3</version>
            </dependency>

package com.zhiliyuchi.web.rest.util;
    
    import org.gavaghan.geodesy.Ellipsoid;
    import org.gavaghan.geodesy.GeodeticCalculator;
    import org.gavaghan.geodesy.GeodeticCurve;
    import org.gavaghan.geodesy.GlobalCoordinates;
    
    /**
     * @创建人：Young
     * @时 间： 2019/3/13
     * @描 述: TODO
     */
    public class test0 {
        public static void main(String[] args)
        {
            // //121.717594,31.12055    121.817629,31.090867
            GlobalCoordinates source = new GlobalCoordinates(31.12055, 121.717594);
            GlobalCoordinates target = new GlobalCoordinates(31.090867, 121.817629);
    
            double meter1 = getDistanceMeter(source, target, Ellipsoid.Sphere);
            double meter2 = getDistanceMeter(source, target, Ellipsoid.WGS84);
    
            System.out.println("Sphere坐标系计算结果："+meter1 + "米");
            System.out.println("WGS84坐标系计算结果："+meter2 + "米");
        }
    
        public static double getDistanceMeter(GlobalCoordinates gpsFrom, GlobalCoordinates gpsTo, Ellipsoid ellipsoid)
        {
            //创建GeodeticCalculator，调用计算方法，传入坐标系、经纬度用于计算距离
            GeodeticCurve geoCurve = new GeodeticCalculator().calculateGeodeticCurve(ellipsoid, gpsFrom, gpsTo);
    
            return geoCurve.getEllipsoidalDistance();
        }
    }

进入jar中的源码

{
            double a = ellipsoid.getSemiMajorAxis();
            double b = ellipsoid.getSemiMinorAxis();
            double f = ellipsoid.getFlattening();
            double phi1 = Angle.toRadians(start.getLatitude());
            double lambda1 = Angle.toRadians(start.getLongitude());
            double phi2 = Angle.toRadians(end.getLatitude());
            double lambda2 = Angle.toRadians(end.getLongitude());
            double a2 = a * a;
            double b2 = b * b;
            double a2b2b2 = (a2 - b2) / b2;
            double omega = lambda2 - lambda1;
            double tanphi1 = Math.tan(phi1);
            double tanU1 = (1.0D - f) * tanphi1;
            double U1 = Math.atan(tanU1);
            double sinU1 = Math.sin(U1);
            double cosU1 = Math.cos(U1);
            double tanphi2 = Math.tan(phi2);
            double tanU2 = (1.0D - f) * tanphi2;
            double U2 = Math.atan(tanU2);
            double sinU2 = Math.sin(U2);
            double cosU2 = Math.cos(U2);
            double sinU1sinU2 = sinU1 * sinU2;
            double cosU1sinU2 = cosU1 * sinU2;
            double sinU1cosU2 = sinU1 * cosU2;
            double cosU1cosU2 = cosU1 * cosU2;
            double lambda = omega;
            double A = 0.0D;
            double B = 0.0D;
            double sigma = 0.0D;
            double deltasigma = 0.0D;
            boolean converged = false;
    
            for(int s = 0; s < 20; ++s) {
                double lambda0 = lambda;
                double sinlambda = Math.sin(lambda);
                double coslambda = Math.cos(lambda);
                double sin2sigma = cosU2 * sinlambda * cosU2 * sinlambda + (cosU1sinU2 - sinU1cosU2 * coslambda) * (cosU1sinU2 - sinU1cosU2 * coslambda);
                double sinsigma = Math.sqrt(sin2sigma);
                double cossigma = sinU1sinU2 + cosU1cosU2 * coslambda;
                sigma = Math.atan2(sinsigma, cossigma);
                double sinalpha = sin2sigma == 0.0D?0.0D:cosU1cosU2 * sinlambda / sinsigma;
                double alpha = Math.asin(sinalpha);
                double cosalpha = Math.cos(alpha);
                double cos2alpha = cosalpha * cosalpha;
                double cos2sigmam = cos2alpha == 0.0D?0.0D:cossigma - 2.0D * sinU1sinU2 / cos2alpha;
                double u2 = cos2alpha * a2b2b2;
                double cos2sigmam2 = cos2sigmam * cos2sigmam;
                A = 1.0D + u2 / 16384.0D * (4096.0D + u2 * (-768.0D + u2 * (320.0D - 175.0D * u2)));
                B = u2 / 1024.0D * (256.0D + u2 * (-128.0D + u2 * (74.0D - 47.0D * u2)));
                deltasigma = B * sinsigma * (cos2sigmam + B / 4.0D * (cossigma * (-1.0D + 2.0D * cos2sigmam2) - B / 6.0D * cos2sigmam * (-3.0D + 4.0D * sin2sigma) * (-3.0D + 4.0D * cos2sigmam2)));
                double C = f / 16.0D * cos2alpha * (4.0D + f * (4.0D - 3.0D * cos2alpha));
                lambda = omega + (1.0D - C) * f * sinalpha * (sigma + C * sinsigma * (cos2sigmam + C * cossigma * (-1.0D + 2.0D * cos2sigmam2)));
                double change = Math.abs((lambda - lambda0) / lambda);
                if(s > 1 && change < 1.0E-13D) {
                    converged = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
    
            double var96 = b * A * (sigma - deltasigma);
            double alpha1;
            double alpha2;
            if(!converged) {
                if(phi1 > phi2) {
                    alpha1 = 180.0D;
                    alpha2 = 0.0D;
                } else if(phi1 < phi2) {
                    alpha1 = 0.0D;
                    alpha2 = 180.0D;
                } else {
                    alpha1 = 0.0D / 0.0;
                    alpha2 = 0.0D / 0.0;
                }
            } else {
                double radians = Math.atan2(cosU2 * Math.sin(lambda), cosU1sinU2 - sinU1cosU2 * Math.cos(lambda));
                if(radians < 0.0D) {
                    radians += 6.283185307179586D;
                }
    
                alpha1 = Angle.toDegrees(radians);
                radians = Math.atan2(cosU1 * Math.sin(lambda), -sinU1cosU2 + cosU1sinU2 * Math.cos(lambda)) + 3.141592653589793D;
                if(radians < 0.0D) {
                    radians += 6.283185307179586D;
                }
    
                alpha2 = Angle.toDegrees(radians);
            }
    
            if(alpha1 >= 360.0D) {
                alpha1 -= 360.0D;
            }
    
            if(alpha2 >= 360.0D) {
                alpha2 -= 360.0D;
            }
    
            return new GeodeticCurve(var96, alpha1, alpha2);
        }

大同小异。。但是好像地球半径给的是

![20190313203920503.png][]

有点儿疑惑了。。。各需所求吧。。。

## TIPS: ##

## 有一点，数据中地球的半径的值直接导致了后面计算的差异，所以，是取赤道，取平均，还是精确到指定的经纬度，酌情考虑。。。。 ##

[https_blog.csdn.net_jk940438163_article_details_83147557_commentsedit]: https://blog.csdn.net/jk940438163/article/details/83147557#commentsedit
[20190313203920503.png]: /images/20220308/ec2802f48c2c46a5bc25dd9242a04fd3.png