Maven 打包实战

港控/mmm° 2022-03-07 21:10 393阅读 0赞

### 前言 ###

上一章,我们介绍了Maven内的常见插件.Maven的主要作用是用于包的管理和依赖.其次,根据Maven的生命周期可以知道, 它还可以作为一个运维和打包、部署的工具而存在.

本章我们将详细的介绍Maven打包以及打包的各种情况.

PS: 本文所用的Maven例子可以在我的Github仓库内找到  
[https://github.com/SeanYanxml/maven-train][https_github.com_SeanYanxml_maven-train]

--------------------

### Jar包 ###

所谓`Jar包`,其实就是Java文件的压缩包.我们在整理文件的时候,经常会将其压缩为`.rar / .zip / .tar / .tar.gz`等待诸如此类的压缩包.其实`Jar包`也不例外,它其实就是用于Java程序进行压缩发布的一种格式包.

*  Eclipse打包  
    经常使用`Eclipse`的朋友们肯定会知道,Eclipse自带了`Export`功能,可以将项目导出为`Jar`包  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly95YW54bWwuYmxvZy5jc2RuLm5ldA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
    如果发布工具包的话,可以选择`JAR file`.但是,如果想要发布应用程序,也就是可运行`Jar`包的话,我们一般选择`Runnable JAR file`.

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly95YW54bWwuYmxvZy5jc2RuLm5ldA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
我们选择可运行Jar包,可以看到下方的几种选项:

*  刨除需要的其他非项目内的`Jar包`;
 *  将需要的Jar包一起打包;
 *  拷贝需要的Jar包一起(一般是`. tar.gz`)  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly95YW54bWwuYmxvZy5jc2RuLm5ldA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
    我们分别试验和查看下这2种方式的区别:

localhost:Desktop Sean$ java -jar hello1.jar
    Picked up JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS: -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8
    String is not null.
    localhost:Desktop Sean$ java -jar hello2.jar
    Picked up JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS: -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8
    String is not null.
    localhost:Desktop Sean$ java -jar hello3.jar
    Picked up JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS: -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8
    String is not null.

从试验的结果来看,三种`Jar包`都可以运行.下面我们通过反编译`jd-gui.jar`程序依次查看下我们打的三种包的不同

*  第一种 压成一个Jar包![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly95YW54bWwuYmxvZy5jc2RuLm5ldA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
    可以看到,所有的程序.包括依赖的`common-lang3.jar`内的所有内容,包括`Maven`的`pom.xml`文件都被压在了一起.  
    这种做法适合,小型工具类发布,依赖的Jar包较少切`Jar包冲突`较少的情况.
 *  第二种 Jar包内包含Jar包  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly95YW54bWwuYmxvZy5jc2RuLm5ldA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
    由上图可以看到,我们`hello2.jar`Jar包内还包含了`Jar包`.并且,`Manifest.mf`文件要加载`common-lang.jar`jar包
 *  第三种 依赖Jar包另外存储  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly95YW54bWwuYmxvZy5jc2RuLm5ldA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]  
    这种方法适用于,迭代发布时,Jar包经常会出现冲突的问题.但是这个的依赖位置基本上不能够更改.

有时,我们可以手动的去加载这些我们需要的Jar包到运行的`classpath`目录下.学习下`zookeeper`的`Jar包加载脚本`

#!/bin/bash
    for i in ./lib/*.jar
    do
        CLASSPATH="$i:$CLASSPATH"
    done
    
    MainJar="hello3.jar" 
    MainClass="com.yanxml.parent.son.HelloMain"
    CLASSPATH="$MainJar:$CLASSPATH"
    
    
    echo "$CLASSPATH"
    java -cp "$CLASSPATH" "$MainClass"

`java -cp ./lib/commons-lang3-3.7.jar:hello3.jar com.yanxml.parent.son.HelloMain`

--------------------

### Maven 插件 ###

相比较而言,前文介绍的插件中

*  `maven-shade-plugin`类比第一种插件打包方式
 *  `maven-source-plugin` 打源码包
 *  `maven-dependency-plugin`类比第三种打包方式
 *  `spring-boot-maven-plugin`类比第二种打包方式,但是根据SpringBoot的需求又进行了一定的封装.

当然,我们自动化的过程中是不能用界面进行操作的,于是本章节.我们将使用maven对于这3种方式进行实现.  
(注:第二种打包方式略微特殊,需要第三方的启动类,我们举一个使用SpringBoot插件的例子进行替换.(使用FatJar可以实现这样的效果))

*  合并打包(`maven-shade-plugin`)

#pom.xml
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    	<parent>
    		<groupId>com.yanxml</groupId>
    		<artifactId>maven-train-parent</artifactId>
    		<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    	</parent>
    	<artifactId>maven-train-parent-son</artifactId>
    
    	<dependencies>
    		
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>com.yanxml</groupId>
    			<artifactId>maven-train-parent-util</artifactId>
    			<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    		</dependency>
    
    	</dependencies>
    
    	<build>
    		<plugins>
    			
    			<plugin>
    				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    				<artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
    				<version>2.4.3</version>
    				<executions>
    					<execution>
    						<phase>package</phase>
    						<goals>
    							<goal>shade</goal>
    						</goals>
    						<configuration>
    							<transformers>
    								<transformer
    									implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
    									<manifestEntries>
    										<Main-Class>com.yanxml.parent.son.HelloMain</Main-Class>
    										<X-Compile-Source-JDK>1.7</X-Compile-Source-JDK>
    										<X-Compile-Target-JDK>1.7</X-Compile-Target-JDK>
    									</manifestEntries>
    								</transformer>
    							</transformers>
    						</configuration>
    					</execution>
    				</executions>
    			</plugin>
    			
    			
    		</plugins>
    	</build>
    </project>

注意 因为此父项目的子项目,所以需要在父亲路径运行`mvn clean package -pl maven-train-parent-son -am`命令进行打包.打包时可以选择是否将依赖模块重新打包.

localhost:maven-train-parent Sean$ pwd
    /Users/Sean/Documents/Gitrep/maven-train/maven-train-parent
    localhost:maven-train-parent Sean$ mvn clean package -pl maven-train-parent-son -am
    Picked up JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS: -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8
    [INFO] Scanning for projects...
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Reactor Build Order:
    [INFO]
    [INFO] maven-train-parent
    [INFO] maven-train-parent-util
    [INFO] maven-train-parent-son
    [INFO]
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Building maven-train-parent 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ maven-train-parent ---
    [INFO]
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Building maven-train-parent-util 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ maven-train-parent-util ---
    [INFO] Deleting /Users/Sean/Documents/Gitrep/maven-train/maven-train-parent/maven-train-parent-util/target
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ maven-train-parent-util ---
    [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
    [INFO] Copying 0 resource
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ maven-train-parent-util ---
    [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
    [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/Sean/Documents/Gitrep/maven-train/maven-train-parent/maven-train-parent-util/target/classes
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ maven-train-parent-util ---
    [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
    [INFO] Copying 0 resource
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ maven-train-parent-util ---
    [INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ maven-train-parent-util ---
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ maven-train-parent-util ---
    [INFO] Building jar: /Users/Sean/Documents/Gitrep/maven-train/maven-train-parent/maven-train-parent-util/target/maven-train-parent-util-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
    [INFO]
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Building maven-train-parent-son 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ maven-train-parent-son ---
    [INFO] Deleting /Users/Sean/Documents/Gitrep/maven-train/maven-train-parent/maven-train-parent-son/target
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ maven-train-parent-son ---
    [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
    [INFO] Copying 0 resource
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ maven-train-parent-son ---
    [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
    [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/Sean/Documents/Gitrep/maven-train/maven-train-parent/maven-train-parent-son/target/classes
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ maven-train-parent-son ---
    [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
    [INFO] Copying 0 resource
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ maven-train-parent-son ---
    [INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ maven-train-parent-son ---
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ maven-train-parent-son ---
    [INFO] Building jar: /Users/Sean/Documents/Gitrep/maven-train/maven-train-parent/maven-train-parent-son/target/maven-train-parent-son-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-shade-plugin:2.4.3:shade (default) @ maven-train-parent-son ---
    [INFO] Including com.yanxml:maven-train-parent-util:jar:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT in the shaded jar.
    [INFO] Including org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:jar:3.7 in the shaded jar.
    [INFO] Replacing original artifact with shaded artifact.
    [INFO] Replacing /Users/Sean/Documents/Gitrep/maven-train/maven-train-parent/maven-train-parent-son/target/maven-train-parent-son-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar with /Users/Sean/Documents/Gitrep/maven-train/maven-train-parent/maven-train-parent-son/target/maven-train-parent-son-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT-shaded.jar
    [INFO] Dependency-reduced POM written at: /Users/Sean/Documents/Gitrep/maven-train/maven-train-parent/maven-train-parent-son/dependency-reduced-pom.xml
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Reactor Summary:
    [INFO]
    [INFO] maven-train-parent ................................. SUCCESS [  0.223 s]
    [INFO] maven-train-parent-util ............................ SUCCESS [  1.968 s]
    [INFO] maven-train-parent-son ............................. SUCCESS [  0.671 s]
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Total time: 2.994 s
    [INFO] Finished at: 2019-03-13T18:36:12+08:00
    [INFO] Final Memory: 20M/172M
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly95YW54bWwuYmxvZy5jc2RuLm5ldA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]  
包运行完成后,会放置在`/target`子目录内.反编译后,可以看到,和Eclipse打包基本一致.

*  运行包与依赖包分开打包(`maven-dependency-plugin`)

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    	<parent>
    		<groupId>com.yanxml</groupId>
    		<artifactId>maven-train-parent</artifactId>
    		<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    	</parent>
    	<artifactId>maven-train-parent-son</artifactId>
    
    	<dependencies>
    		
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>com.yanxml</groupId>
    			<artifactId>maven-train-parent-util</artifactId>
    			<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    		</dependency>
    
    	</dependencies>
    
    	<build>
    		<plugins>
    
    	<plugin>
    		<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    		<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
    		<version>2.10</version>
    		<executions>
    			<execution>
    				<id>copy-dependencies</id>
    				<phase>package</phase>
    				<goals>
    					<goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
    				</goals>
    				<configuration>
    					<outputDirectory>./lib</outputDirectory>
    				</configuration>
    			</execution>
    		</executions>
    	</plugin>
    			
    			
    		</plugins>
    	</build>
    </project>

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly95YW54bWwuYmxvZy5jc2RuLm5ldA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly95YW54bWwuYmxvZy5jc2RuLm5ldA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]  
由上可以看到,我们将源码打入一个包内.所有依赖的包都放置在配置的指定目录下.  
但是,我们运行时候,需要特定的脚本将其加载进入`classpath`下.

*  Jar In Jar(`spring-boot-maven-plugin`)  
    在本教程的Github上,我们有一个现成的`SpringBoot`项目.下面两节,我们使用这个项目,完成下面两节.

#pom.xml

localhost:maven-train-springboot Sean$ mvn package
    Picked up JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS: -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8
    [INFO] Scanning for projects...
    [WARNING]
    [WARNING] Some problems were encountered while building the effective model for com.yanxml:maven-train-springboot:jar:1.0
    [WARNING] 'build.plugins.plugin.version' for org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin is missing. @ line 55, column 12
    [WARNING] 'build.plugins.plugin.version' for org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-maven-plugin is missing. @ line 63, column 12
    [WARNING]
    [WARNING] It is highly recommended to fix these problems because they threaten the stability of your build.
    [WARNING]
    [WARNING] For this reason, future Maven versions might no longer support building such malformed projects.
    [WARNING]
    [INFO]
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Building maven-train-springboot 1.0
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [WARNING] The POM for org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-core:jar:2.7 is invalid, transitive dependencies (if any) will not be available, enable debug logging for more details
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ maven-train-springboot ---
    [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
    [INFO] Copying 2 resources
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ maven-train-springboot ---
    [INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ maven-train-springboot ---
    [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
    [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /Users/Sean/Documents/Gitrep/maven-train/maven-train-springboot/src/test/resources
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ maven-train-springboot ---
    [INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ maven-train-springboot ---
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ maven-train-springboot ---
    [INFO] Building jar: /Users/Sean/Documents/Gitrep/maven-train/maven-train-springboot/target/maven-train-springboot-1.0.jar
    [INFO] META-INF/maven/com.yanxml/maven-train-springboot/pom.xml already added, skipping
    [INFO] META-INF/maven/com.yanxml/maven-train-springboot/pom.properties already added, skipping
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- spring-boot-maven-plugin:1.5.9.RELEASE:repackage (default) @ maven-train-springboot ---
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Total time: 2.967 s
    [INFO] Finished at: 2019-03-13T19:02:21+08:00
    [INFO] Final Memory: 17M/226M
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly95YW54bWwuYmxvZy5jc2RuLm5ldA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]  
(依赖的Jar包都放在lib文件夹内)通过`java -jar maven-train-springboot-1.0.jar`可以将其进行启动.

*  自定义打包(`maven-assembly-plugin`)

### assembly.xml
    <assembly xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.3" 
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.3 
      http://maven.apache.org/xsd/assembly-1.1.3.xsd">
      
        <id>0.1</id>
        <formats>
            <format>tar</format>
        </formats>
          
        <fileSets>
            
            <fileSet>
                <directory>target/classes</directory>
                <outputDirectory>/config</outputDirectory>
                <fileMode>0755</fileMode>
                <includes>
                  <include>*.properties</include>
                  <include>*.xml</include>
                  <include>banner.txt</include>
                  <include>*.json</include>
                </includes>
            </fileSet>
            
            <fileSet>
                <directory>target/classes/bin</directory>
                <outputDirectory>/config/bin</outputDirectory>
                <fileMode>0755</fileMode>
            </fileSet>
            
            <fileSet>
                <directory>target/lib</directory>
                <outputDirectory>/lib</outputDirectory>
                <fileMode>0755</fileMode>
            </fileSet>
            
        </fileSets>
        
         <files>
    		<file>
    			<source>target/${package}-1.0.jar</source>
    			<outputDirectory>/</outputDirectory>
    			<destName>${package}-${package.version}.jar</destName>
    			<fileMode>0755</fileMode>
    		</file>
    	 </files>
        
        
       
    </assembly>

<plugin>
    				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
    				<configuration>
    					<finalName>${package}-${package.version}</finalName>
    					<ignorePermissions>true</ignorePermissions>
    					<appendAssemblyId>false</appendAssemblyId>
    					<descriptors>
    						<descriptor>src/main/assembly/${package.format}-assembly.xml</descriptor>
    					</descriptors>
    				
    				</configuration>
    			</plugin>

tar包内的情况如下所示:

localhost:target Sean$ tar -xvf maven-train-springboot-v1.tar
    x maven-train-springboot-v1/maven-train-springboot-v1.jar
    x maven-train-springboot-v1/config/application.properties
    x maven-train-springboot-v1/config/log4j2.xml

--------------------

### Reference ###

\[1\]. [Maven 常见插件][Maven]  
\[2\]. [java cp命令][java cp]  
\[3\]. [Maven的-pl -am -amd参数学习][Maven_-pl -am -amd]  
\[4\]. [Maven deploy跳过某个module解决办法][Maven deploy_module]  
\[5\]. [maven 单独构建多模块项目中的单个模块][maven]

[https_github.com_SeanYanxml_maven-train]: https://github.com/SeanYanxml/maven-train
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[Maven]: https://blog.csdn.net/u010416101/article/details/88530783
[java cp]: https://www.cnblogs.com/people/p/3176761.html
[Maven_-pl -am -amd]: https://www.cnblogs.com/hiver/p/7850954.html
[Maven deploy_module]: https://blog.csdn.net/sourny/article/details/81204822
[maven]: https://blog.csdn.net/yanjunlu/article/details/39177115