docker-compose快速搭建 Prometheus+Grafana监控系统

忘是亡心i 2022-02-26 10:16 1250阅读 0赞

**一、说明**  
Prometheus负责收集数据，Grafana负责展示数据。其中采用Prometheus 中的 Exporter含：  
1）Node Exporter，负责收集 host 硬件和操作系统数据。它将以容器方式运行在所有 host 上。  
2）cAdvisor，负责收集容器数据。它将以容器方式运行在所有 host 上。  
3）Alertmanager，负责告警。它将以容器方式运行在所有 host 上。

**二、安装docker，docker-compose**  
2.1 安装docker  
先安装一个64位的Linux主机，其内核必须高于3.10，内存不低于1GB。在该主机上安装Docker。

# 安装依赖包
    yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
    # 添加Docker软件包源
    yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
    # 安装Docker CE
    yum install docker-ce -y
    # 启动
    systemctl start docker
    # 开机启动
    systemctl enable docker
    # 查看Docker信息
    docker info

2.2 安装docker-compose

curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.23.2/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
    chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

**三、添加配置文件**

mkdir -p /usr/local/src/config
    cd /usr/local/src/config

2.1 添加prometheus.yml配置文件，  
vim prometheus.yml

# my global config
    global:
      scrape_interval:     15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
      evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
      # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).
    
    # Alertmanager configuration
    alerting:
      alertmanagers:
      - static_configs:
        - targets: ['192.168.159.129:9093']
          # - alertmanager:9093
    
    # Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
    rule_files:
      - "node_down.yml"
      # - "first_rules.yml"
      # - "second_rules.yml"
    
    # A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
    # Here it's Prometheus itself.
    scrape_configs:
      # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
      - job_name: 'prometheus'
        static_configs:
    - targets: ['192.168.159.129:9090']
    
      - job_name: 'cadvisor'
        static_configs:
        - targets: ['192.168.159.129:8080']
    
      - job_name: 'node'
        scrape_interval: 8s
        static_configs:
          - targets: ['192.168.159.129:9100']

2.2 添加邮件告警配置文件  
添加配置文件alertmanager.yml，配置收发邮件邮箱  
vim alertmanager.yml

global:
      smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.163.com:25'　　#163服务器
      smtp_from: 'tsiyuetian@163.com'　　　　　　　　#发邮件的邮箱
      smtp_auth_username: 'tsiyuetian@163.com'　　#发邮件的邮箱用户名，也就是你的邮箱
      smtp_auth_password: 'TPP***'　　　　　　　　#发邮件的邮箱密码
      smtp_require_tls: false　　　　　　　　#不进行tls验证
    
    route:
      group_by: ['alertname']
      group_wait: 10s
      group_interval: 10s
      repeat_interval: 10m
      receiver: live-monitoring
    
    receivers:
    - name: 'live-monitoring'
      email_configs:
      - to: '1933306137@qq.com'　　　　　　　　#收邮件的邮箱

2.3 添加报警规则  
添加一个node\_down.yml为 prometheus targets 监控  
vim node\_down.yml

groups:
    - name: node_down
      rules:
      - alert: InstanceDown
        expr: up == 0
        for: 1m
        labels:
          user: test
        annotations:
          summary: "Instance {
       { $labels.instance }} down"
          description: "{
       { $labels.instance }} of job {
       { $labels.job }} has been down for more than 1 minutes."

**四、编写docker-compose**  
vim docker-compose-monitor.yml

version: '2'
    
    networks:
        monitor:
            driver: bridge
    
    services:
        prometheus:
            image: prom/prometheus
            container_name: prometheus
            hostname: prometheus
            restart: always
            volumes:
                - /usr/local/src/config/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
                - /usr/local/src/config/node_down.yml:/etc/prometheus/node_down.yml
            ports:
                - "9090:9090"
            networks:
                - monitor
    
        alertmanager:
            image: prom/alertmanager
            container_name: alertmanager
            hostname: alertmanager
            restart: always
            volumes:
                - /usr/local/src/config/alertmanager.yml:/etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml
            ports:
                - "9093:9093"
            networks:
                - monitor
    
        grafana:
            image: grafana/grafana
            container_name: grafana
            hostname: grafana
            restart: always
            ports:
                - "3000:3000"
            networks:
                - monitor
    
        node-exporter:
            image: quay.io/prometheus/node-exporter
            container_name: node-exporter
            hostname: node-exporter
            restart: always
            ports:
                - "9100:9100"
            networks:
                - monitor
    
        cadvisor:
            image: google/cadvisor:latest
            container_name: cadvisor
            hostname: cadvisor
            restart: always
            volumes:
                - /:/rootfs:ro
                - /var/run:/var/run:rw
                - /sys:/sys:ro
                - /var/lib/docker/:/var/lib/docker:ro
            ports:
                - "8080:8080"
            networks:
                - monitor

**五、启动docker-compose**

#启动容器：
    docker-compose -f /usr/local/src/config/docker-compose-monitor.yml up -d
    #删除容器：
    docker-compose -f /usr/local/src/config/docker-compose-monitor.yml down
    #重启容器：
    docker restart id

容器启动如下：  
![docker-compose快速搭建 Prometheus+Grafana监控系统][docker-compose_ Prometheus_Grafana]

prometheus targets界面如下：  
![docker-compose快速搭建 Prometheus+Grafana监控系统][docker-compose_ Prometheus_Grafana 1]

备注：如果State为Down，应该是防火墙问题，参考下面防火墙配置。

prometheus graph界面如下：  
![docker-compose快速搭建 Prometheus+Grafana监控系统][docker-compose_ Prometheus_Grafana 2]

备注：如果没有数据，同步下时间。

**六、防火墙配置**  
6.1 关闭selinux

setenforce 0
    vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux

6.2 配置iptables

#删除自带防火墙
    systemctl stop firewalld.service
    systemctl disable firewalld.service

#安装iptables
    yum install -y iptables-services

#配置
    vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables
    *filter
    :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
    :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
    :OUTPUT ACCEPT [24:11326]
    -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
    -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
    -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
    -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
    -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 9090 -j ACCEPT
    -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT
    -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 3000 -j ACCEPT
    -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 9093 -j ACCEPT
    -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 9100 -j ACCEPT
    -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
    -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
    COMMIT

#启动
    systemctl restart iptables.service
    systemctl enable iptables.service

**七、配置Grafana**  
7.1 添加Prometheus数据源  
![docker-compose快速搭建 Prometheus+Grafana监控系统][docker-compose_ Prometheus_Grafana 3]

1.  2 配置dashboards  
    ![docker-compose快速搭建 Prometheus+Grafana监控系统][docker-compose_ Prometheus_Grafana 4]

说明：可以用自带模板，也可以去https://grafana.com/dashboards，下载对应的模板。

7.3 查看数据  
我从网页下载了docker相关的模板：Docker and system monitoring，893  
![docker-compose快速搭建 Prometheus+Grafana监控系统][docker-compose_ Prometheus_Grafana 5]  
输入893，就会加载出下面的信息  
![docker-compose快速搭建 Prometheus+Grafana监控系统][docker-compose_ Prometheus_Grafana 6]

导入后去首页查看数据  
![docker-compose快速搭建 Prometheus+Grafana监控系统][docker-compose_ Prometheus_Grafana 7]

**八、附录：单独命令启动各容器**

#启动prometheus
    docker run -d -p 9090:9090 --name=prometheus \
    -v /usr/local/src/config/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml \
    -v /usr/local/src/config/node_down.yml:/etc/prometheus/node_down.yml \
    prom/prometheus
    
    # 启动grafana
    docker run -d -p 3000:3000 --name=grafana grafana/grafana
    
    #启动alertmanager容器
    docker run -d -p 9093:9093 -v /usr/local/src/config/config.yml:/etc/alertmanager/config.yml --name alertmanager prom/alertmanager
    
    #启动node exporter
    docker run -d \
      -p 9100:9100 \
      -v "/:/host:ro,rslave" \
      --name=node_exporter \
      quay.io/prometheus/node-exporter \
      --path.rootfs /host
    
    #启动cadvisor
    docker run                                    \
    --volume=/:/rootfs:ro                         \
    --volume=/var/run:/var/run:rw                 \
    --volume=/sys:/sys:ro                         \
    --volume=/var/lib/docker/:/var/lib/docker:ro  \
    --publish=8080:8080                           \
    --detach=true                                 \
    --name=cadvisor                               \
    google/cadvisor:latest

[docker-compose_ Prometheus_Grafana]: /images/20220226/bd1bb0fada56480bacd173c9e7d77b54.png
[docker-compose_ Prometheus_Grafana 1]: /images/20220226/f04c110fd3d44fbdbde2dea8fbd15a5f.png
[docker-compose_ Prometheus_Grafana 2]: /images/20220226/5403d7c0da6a4ee59c96fa67f1cf4b94.png
[docker-compose_ Prometheus_Grafana 3]: /images/20220226/dc00626f9fb543f1b9fa37038de43822.png
[docker-compose_ Prometheus_Grafana 4]: /images/20220226/235480ce99f7406380ad9f53cf4bd168.png
[docker-compose_ Prometheus_Grafana 5]: /images/20220226/9bc56d4cbd1347e581bd37cd1f4f48bd.png
[docker-compose_ Prometheus_Grafana 6]: /images/20220226/6a62b6dd1d7c4deab981683eee5163ae.png
[docker-compose_ Prometheus_Grafana 7]: /images/20220226/9b8d8f444ffc4748b38dbbdf16349939.png