Spring-bean循环依赖

深藏阁楼爱情的钟 2022-02-25 05:16 226阅读 0赞

循环依赖指的是两个或以上bean相互存在引用。

Spring中循环依赖的几种情况：  
1.构造器参数循环依赖；无法解决，只能避免  
2.setter方式，单例；  
3.setter方法，prototype原型；无法解决，只能避免

在[bean初始化][bean]一文中，可以知道，创建bean需要经过一下几个步骤：  
1.实例化bean；  
2.populate bean，填充bean的属性；  
3.initialize bean，初始化bean；

对于作用域为singleton的bean，创建过程中以及创建完成会缓存该bean；  
从DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry的源码中可以看出：

/** Cache of singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance */
    private final Map<String, Object> singletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);
    
    /** Cache of singleton factories: bean name --> ObjectFactory */
    private final Map<String, ObjectFactory<?>> singletonFactories = new HashMap<>(16);
    
    /** Cache of early singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance */
    private final Map<String, Object> earlySingletonObjects = new HashMap<>(16);
    //标记bean正在创建，创建完成后会remove
    /** Names of beans that are currently in creation */
    private final Set<String> singletonsCurrentlyInCreation =
    		Collections.newSetFromMap(new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16));

spring容器通过三级缓存解决循环依赖问题。  
容器在创建单例bean前，会先判断缓存中是否存在；  
AbstractBeanFactory\#doGetBean：

protected <T> T doGetBean(final String name, @Nullable final Class<T> requiredType,
    		@Nullable final Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly) throws BeansException {
    
    	final String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);
    	Object bean;
    
    	// Eagerly check singleton cache for manually registered singletons.
    	//从缓存中获取
    	Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
    	if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {
    		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
    			if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
    				logger.debug("Returning eagerly cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName +
    						"' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference");
    			}
    			else {
    				logger.debug("Returning cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
    			}
    		}
    		bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);
    	} else {
    		//不存在，创建bean
    		...
    	}
    }

再看看getSingleton方法：

protected Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) {
    	Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
    	if (singletonObject == null && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
    		synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
    			singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName);
    			if (singletonObject == null && allowEarlyReference) {
    				ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory = this.singletonFactories.get(beanName);
    				if (singletonFactory != null) {
    					singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
    					this.earlySingletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);
    					this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);
    				}
    			}
    		}
    	}
    	return singletonObject;
    }

先从一级缓存singletonObjects获取，没有则从earlySingletonObjects获取，再没有就从singletonFactories获取，如果有，则移到二级缓存earlySingletonObjects；

如果缓存没有，则创建bean。bean在实例化bean之后，会将bean添加到singletonObjects中，并将bean从singletonFactories和earlySingletonObjects中移除，DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry\#addSingleton：

/**
     * Add the given singleton factory for building the specified singleton
     * if necessary.
     * <p>To be called for eager registration of singletons, e.g. to be able to
     * resolve circular references.
     * @param beanName the name of the bean
     * @param singletonFactory the factory for the singleton object
     */
    protected void addSingletonFactory(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory) {
    	Assert.notNull(singletonFactory, "Singleton factory must not be null");
    	synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
    		if (!this.singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)) {
    			this.singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory);
    			this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);
    			this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);
    		}
    	}
    }

这是解决循环依赖的关键，该方法调用在createBeanInstance之后，populateBean之前，它的作用是提前暴露对象，但该bean未完成属性填充以及初始化。  
比如A和B存在循环依赖，bean A在实例化后，将自己保存到singletonFactories，此时进行下一步填充属性，发现需要引用到B，接着容器创建bean B，在实例化bean B后，填充属性时发现依赖到A，此时尝试从容器中获取A，由于此时A初始化尚未完成，但是A提前暴露了对象，所以可以从singletonFactories中提前获取A对象引用，接着B完成自身初始化，完成后再返回A，继续进行属性填充及初始化。

从上面也可以知道，为什么构造器参数循环依赖不行，因为要先实例化bean。容器也不能解决原型bean的循环依赖问题，因为容器没有缓存原型bean，也就不能提前暴露对象，只能去避免。

参考

> [https://blog.csdn.net/u010853261/article/details/77940767][https_blog.csdn.net_u010853261_article_details_77940767]  
> [https://blog.csdn.net/u010644448/article/details/59108799\#comments][https_blog.csdn.net_u010644448_article_details_59108799_comments]

[bean]: https://blog.csdn.net/wang704987562/article/details/80795987
[https_blog.csdn.net_u010853261_article_details_77940767]: https://blog.csdn.net/u010853261/article/details/77940767
[https_blog.csdn.net_u010644448_article_details_59108799_comments]: https://blog.csdn.net/u010644448/article/details/59108799#comments