macOS上运行python及配置相应环境

绝地灬酷狼 2022-02-23 16:52 385阅读 0赞

**背景：**我们希望在macOS上完成一些初级的数据处理及增扩，例如图像旋转，名称更改及写入文件夹等等这些基本操作。这些操作交互性交强，且需要看到实时的结果，没必要放在服务器上使流程更加复杂。因此直接运用macOS运行即可。

本文在于实现简单的数据增扩，还没有用到anaconda管理环境，如果需要用到anaconda管理环境的话，可以参考这篇：

[macOS上PyCharm配置Anaconda环境 ][macOS_PyCharm_Anaconda_]

**成果**：安装完成，可实现一定的数据增扩。后续如果需要的环境我们就在这里安装，并且补充更新安装的方法。

**目录**

一、安装pycharm

二、安装pip

2.1 直接通过python安装

2.2 参考

2.3 安装后升级

三、安装依赖项

3.1 PIL

3.2 自带的安装好的安装包

--------------------

# 一、安装pycharm #

pycharm为目前最好的python IDE，无论从编辑程序的角度，还是看代码的角度，安装pycharm是十分必要的。并且pycharm自带python，直接装好在终端敲击命令行即可。

至于anaconda，如果仅仅是初级的数据处理以及批处理等等的操作，完全没必要在macOS装anaconda使问题复杂化。anaconda的长处在于管理显卡及其环境，对于初级的数据批处理并无太大帮助。

[http://www.360doc.com/content/18/0324/07/34445812\_739728933.shtml][http_www.360doc.com_content_18_0324_07_34445812_739728933.shtml]

安装后，macbook因为自带的python，在usr/bin文件夹内，如果是windows用户，还需要安装和配置相应的python环境，参考：

[windows上配置pycharm与python环境并运行][windows_pycharm_python]

MacBook-Pro:Desktop $ python
    Python 2.7.10 (default, Aug 17 2018, 19:45:58)
    [GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 10.0.0 (clang-1000.0.42)] on darwin
    Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

# 二、安装pip #

## 2.1 直接通过python安装 ##

python3以上版本默认安装pip，但是此版本内并没有安装。

pip可用于安装各种包

sudo python -m ensurepip --default-pip

## 2.2 参考（可不看） ##

[https://packaging.python.org/tutorials/installing-packages/\#ensure-you-can-run-python-from-the-command-line][https_packaging.python.org_tutorials_installing-packages_ensure-you-can-run-python-from-the-command-line]

Additionally, you’ll need to make sure you have [pip][] available. You can check this by running:

pip --version

If you installed Python from source, with an installer from [python.org][], or via [Homebrew][] you should already have pip. If you’re on Linux and installed using your OS package manager, you may have to install pip separately, see [Installing pip/setuptools/wheel with Linux Package Managers][Installing pip_setuptools_wheel with Linux Package Managers].

If `pip` isn’t already installed, then first try to bootstrap it from the standard library:

python -m ensurepip --default-pip

If that still doesn’t allow you to run `pip`:

>  *  Securely Download [get-pip.py][] [\[1\]][1]
>  *  Run `python get-pip.py`. [\[2\]][2] This will install or upgrade pip. Additionally, it will install [setuptools][] and [wheel][] if they’re not installed already.
>     
>     Warning
>     
>     Be cautious if you’re using a Python install that’s managed by your operating system or another package manager. get-pip.py does not coordinate with those tools, and may leave your system in an inconsistent state. You can use `python get-pip.py --prefix=/usr/local/` to install in `/usr/local` which is designed for locally-installed software.

## 2.3 安装后升级 ##

如果用旧版本pip总是出现一些问题，所以我们用新版本pip

sudo python -m pip install --upgrade --force pip  
sudo pip install setuptools==33.1.1

（下面那个命令行安装时报错，也不影响PIL的安装）

# 三、安装依赖项 #

很多包可以通过pycharm安装，我们暂时不研究那些，只通过pip安装，终端敲击命令行即可。

至此，只要没有安装过的包，都可以通过pip指令安装。

## 3.1 PIL ##

PIL（Python Imaging Library）是Python常用的图像处理库，

PIL依赖于multiprocessing，所以我们需要先安装multiprocessing（如果不安装这个模块，则安装时会出现报错）

sudo pip install multiprocessing

sudo pip install Pillow

## 3.2 自带的安装好的安装包 ##

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    import numpy as np
    from PIL import Image
    import os

此时已经可以实现初步的数据增扩。

[macOS_PyCharm_Anaconda_]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_36474809/article/details/90299833
[http_www.360doc.com_content_18_0324_07_34445812_739728933.shtml]: http://www.360doc.com/content/18/0324/07/34445812_739728933.shtml
[windows_pycharm_python]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_36474809/article/details/100824888
[https_packaging.python.org_tutorials_installing-packages_ensure-you-can-run-python-from-the-command-line]: https://packaging.python.org/tutorials/installing-packages/#ensure-you-can-run-python-from-the-command-line
[pip]: https://packaging.python.org/key_projects/#pip
[python.org]: https://python.org
[Homebrew]: https://brew.sh
[Installing pip_setuptools_wheel with Linux Package Managers]: https://packaging.python.org/guides/installing-using-linux-tools/
[get-pip.py]: https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
[1]: https://packaging.python.org/tutorials/installing-packages/#id7
[2]: https://packaging.python.org/tutorials/installing-packages/#id8
[setuptools]: https://packaging.python.org/key_projects/#setuptools
[wheel]: https://packaging.python.org/key_projects/#wheel