Docker基本命令

分手后的思念是犯贱 2022-02-23 02:20 174阅读 0赞

## docker ##

[root@localhost ~]# docker
    
    Usage:  docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
    
    A self-sufficient runtime for containers
    
    Options:
          --config string      Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
      -D, --debug              Enable debug mode
      -H, --host list          Daemon socket(s) to connect to
      -l, --log-level string   Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
          --tls                Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
          --tlscacert string   Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
          --tlscert string     Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
          --tlskey string      Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
          --tlsverify          Use TLS and verify the remote
      -v, --version            Print version information and quit
     
    Management Commands:     #管理命令
      builder     Manage builds
      config      Manage Docker configs  #管理配置
      container   Manage containers      #管理容器 
      engine      Manage the docker engine   # 管理引擎
      image       Manage images               #管理插件
      network     Manage networks
      node        Manage Swarm nodes            #管理节点
      plugin      Manage plugins
      secret      Manage Docker secrets
      service     Manage services
      stack       Manage Docker stacks
      swarm       Manage Swarm
      system      Manage Docker
      trust       Manage trust on Docker images
      volume      Manage volumes
    
    ## docker 兼容了新旧的使用格式 建议使用分组管理.
    
    Commands:
      attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
      build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
      commit      Create a new image from a container's changes cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem create Create a new container diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
      events      Get real time events from the server
      exec        Run a command in a running container
      export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive history Show the history of an image images List images import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image info Display system-wide information inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects kill Kill one or more running containers load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN login Log in to a Docker registry logout Log out from a Docker registry logs Fetch the logs of a container pause Pause all processes within one or more containers port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container ps List containers pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry push Push an image or a repository to a registry rename Rename a container restart Restart one or more containers rm Remove one or more containers rmi Remove one or more images run Run a command in a new container save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default) search Search the Docker Hub for images start Start one or more stopped containers stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics stop Stop one or more running containers tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE top Display the running processes of a container unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers update Update configuration of one or more containers version Show the Docker version information wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

## 查看版本 ##

[root@localhost ~]# docker version
    Client:              #客户端
     Version:           18.09.4    #docker版本
     API version:       1.39     #Docker接口版本
     Go version:        go1.10.8  # Docker Go版本
     Git commit:        d14af54266
     Built:             Wed Mar 27 18:34:51 2019
     OS/Arch:           linux/amd64  # 系统
     Experimental:      false        # 是否为企业版
     
    Server: Docker Engine - Community   
     Engine:
      Version:          18.09.4
      API version:      1.39 (minimum version 1.12)
      Go version:       go1.10.8
      Git commit:       d14af54
      Built:            Wed Mar 27 18:04:46 2019
      OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
      Experimental:     false
    You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

## 详细信息 ##

[root@localhost ~]# docker info
    Containers: 0   #容器个数
     Running: 0    # 运行
     Paused: 0    # 暂停
     Stopped: 0   # 停止
    Images: 0      # 镜像
    Server Version: 18.09.4  #服务器版本
    Storage Driver: overlay2  #存储驱动后端 很重要 分层构建和联合挂载 需要专门的文件驱动在之前可能是使用的DM 性能奇差
     Backing Filesystem: xfs
     Supports d_type: true
     Native Overlay Diff: true
    Logging Driver: json-file
    Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
    Plugins:         # 插件
     Volume: local         #卷
     Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay  # 网络插件
     Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog  #日志插件
    Swarm: inactive
    Runtimes: runc
    Default Runtime: runc
    Init Binary: docker-init
    containerd version: bb71b10fd8f58240ca47fbb579b9d1028eea7c84
    runc version: 2b18fe1d885ee5083ef9f0838fee39b62d653e30
    init version: fec3683
    Security Options:  #安全选项
     seccomp     
      Profile: default  #默认选项
    Kernel Version: 3.10.0-957.10.1.el7.x86_64
    Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
    OSType: linux
    Architecture: x86_64
    CPUs: 1
    Total Memory: 3.683GiB
    Name: localhost.localdomain
    ID: BUTI:XQW2:K5UQ:SNVB:EC67:GBOV:LHZD:FI2G:UFL2:TU4H:FSCN:PQAU
    Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
    Debug Mode (client): false
    Debug Mode (server): false
    Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
    Labels:
    Experimental: false
    Insecure Registries:
     127.0.0.0/8
    Registry Mirrors:
     https://registry.docker-cn.com/  #加速镜像配置
    Live Restore Enabled: false
    Product License: Community Engine

## Docker Search ##

搜索 Docker hub 中的 nginx 镜像

docker search nginx

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## Docker pull ##

多个层级每一层分别下载

![ARtaHP.png][]

## docker images ##

last表示时最新的

[root@localhost docker]# docker images
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    nginx               latest              2bcb04bdb83f        9 days ago          109MB
    [root@localhost docker]# docker image ls
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    nginx               latest              2bcb04bdb83f        9 days ago          109MB

## docker 卸载镜像 ##

[root@localhost docker]# docker images
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    busybox             latest              af2f74c517aa        2 days ago          1.2MB
    nginx               latest              2bcb04bdb83f        9 days ago          109MB
    [root@localhost docker]# docker image rm busybox #第一种命令
    Untagged: busybox:latest 
    Untagged: busybox@sha256:f79f7a10302c402c052973e3fa42be0344ae6453245669783a9e16da3d56d5b4
    Deleted: sha256:af2f74c517aac1d26793a6ed05ff45b299a037e1a9eefeae5eacda133e70a825
    Deleted: sha256:0b97b1c81a3200e9eeb87f17a5d25a50791a16fa08fc41eb94ad15f26516ccea
    [root@localhost docker]# docker rmi nginx #第二种命令
    Untagged: nginx:latest
    Untagged: nginx@sha256:dabecc7dece2fff98fb00add2f0b525b7cd4a2cacddcc27ea4a15a7922ea47ea
    Deleted: sha256:2bcb04bdb83f7c5dc30f0edaca1609a716bda1c7d2244d4f5fbbdfef33da366c
    Deleted: sha256:dfce9ec5eeabad339cf90fce93b20f179926d5819359141e49e0006a52c066ca
    Deleted: sha256:166d13b0f0cb542034a2aef1c034ee2271e1d6aaee4490f749e72d1c04449c5b
    Deleted: sha256:5dacd731af1b0386ead06c8b1feff9f65d9e0bdfec032d2cd0bc03690698feda
    [root@localhost docker]# docker images
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    [root@localhost docker]#

## Docker 创建一个容器 ##

[root@localhost docker]# docker container
    
    Usage:  docker container COMMAND
    
    Manage containers
    
    Commands:
      attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
      commit      Create a new image from a container's changes cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem create Create a new container diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
      exec        Run a command in a running container
      export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive inspect Display detailed information on one or more containers kill Kill one or more running containers logs Fetch the logs of a container ls List containers pause Pause all processes within one or more containers port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container prune Remove all stopped containers rename Rename a container restart Restart one or more containers rm Remove one or more containers run Run a command in a new container start Start one or more stopped containers stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics stop Stop one or more running containers top Display the running processes of a container unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers update Update configuration of one or more containers wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes Run 'docker container COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

#启动一个nginx容器
    [root@localhost ~]# docker run --name nginx-docker1 -d nginx #-d为后台运行
    aaed74bf582677ed39f186a3967f4a4efb11836a164b78f1d0b157fb2f26dcaa
    [root@localhost ~]# docker inspect nginx-docker1 #查看docker绑定地址 为172.17.0.2

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### Redis ###

即使本地没有Redis的镜像我们依然可以安装。

docker run --name Redis -d redis:4-alpine

进入终端

docker exec -it kvsotre /bin/sh     #进入容器中

![ARdMKH.png][]

## 查看日志 ##

docker logs kvstore  #产看kvstore的日志

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## 常用命令 ##

![ARddMQ.png][]

## 镜像生成途径 ##

![AR0fER.png][]

### 基于容器 ###

1.创建一个busybox的容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name b1 -it busybox
    / # mkdir -p /data/html
    / # vi /data/html/index.html
    <h1>Busybox httpd Server </h1>

[root@localhost ~]# docker commit -h
    Flag shorthand -h has been deprecated, please use --help
    
    Usage:  docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
    
    Create a new image from a container's changes
    
    Options:
      -a, --author string    Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith <hannibal@a-team.com>")
      -c, --change list      Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image
      -m, --message string   Commit message   
      -p, --pause            Pause container during commit (default true) #暂停镜像文件

![ARIFLn.png][]

为了引用方便我们可以给镜像打上标签.

[root@localhost ~]# docker tag --help
    
    Usage:  docker tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]
    
    Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE

![ARIz01.png][]

![ARo11g.png][]

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docker inspect busybox
    "Cmd": [
                    "/bin/sh",
                    "-c",
                    "#(nop) ",
                    "CMD [\"sh\"]"
                ],

![ARTFU0.png][]

docker运行镜像生成了原先保存的镜像文件。

[root@localhost ~]# docker commit -h
    Flag shorthand -h has been deprecated, please use --help
    
    Usage:  docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
    
    Create a new image from a container's changes
    
    Options:
      -a, --author string    Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith <hannibal@a-team.com>")  # 附加作者信息
      -c, --change list      Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image  #修改原有基础镜像的命令
      -m, --message string   Commit message    # 提交信息
      -p, --pause            Pause container during commit (default true)  # 暂停容器

docker commit -a "bigdataxiaohan <467008580@qq.com>" -c 'CMD ["/bin/httpd","-f","-h","/data/html"]' -p t1 hphblog/httpd:v0.2

![ARTsG8.png][]

启动基于v0.2版本的服务

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![ARTfZn.png][]

dcoker服务可以直接访问。

由于将docker镜像推导Docker hub 需要相同的组织类名 而我在DockerHub 上创建的仓库为bigdataxiaohan/httpd 我们把镜像更改以下名称

docker tag hphblog/httpd:v0.2 bigdataxiaohan/httd:v0.2

然后登录

[root@localhost ~]# docker login --help
    
    Usage:  docker login [OPTIONS] [SERVER]
    
    Log in to a Docker registry
    
    Options:
      -p, --password string   Password
          --password-stdin    Take the password from stdin
      -u, --username string   Username

![AR7wy4.png][]

网络不是很好建议多尝试几次。

docker tag hphblog/httpd:v0.2 bigdataxiaohan/httpd:v0.2

(⊙﹏⊙) 还是放弃吧 我们可以使用腾讯云的Docker镜像仓库

![ARjd4s.png][]

![ARjhCR.png][]

![ARvla4.png][]

哎呀妈呀QAQ 终于push成功了

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![ARvJR1.png][]

#### Docker 打包 ####

[root@localhost ~]# docker save --help
    
    Usage:  docker save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
    
    Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
    
    Options:
      -o, --output string   Write to a file, instead of STDOUT

![ARvTWn.png][]

#### Dokcer加载 ####

[root@localhost ~]# docker load --help
    
    Usage:  docker load [OPTIONS]
    
    Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
    
    Options:
      -i, --input string   Read from tar archive file, instead of STDIN
      -q, --quiet          Suppress the load output

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docker load -i myimages.gz

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